Poverty

Poverty: Social & Ethical Dimension For Determining Health System Delivery Model : 

1 Poverty: Social & Ethical Dimension For Determining Health System Delivery Model

Poverty is the Worst Form of Violence : 

2 Poverty is the Worst Form of Violence Mahatma Gandhi

Poverty :Meaning & Measurements : 

3 Poverty :Meaning & Measurements

Poverty: Definition : 

4 Poverty: Definition “ A Human condition characterized by sustained or chronic deprivation of the resources, capabilities, choices, security and power necessary for the enjoyment of an adequate standard of living and other civil, cultural, economical, political and social rights.” UNDP - 2001

Poverty:World Perspective : 

5 Poverty:World Perspective

Poverty - How big is the problem? : 

6 Poverty - How big is the problem? More than half the developing and transitory world live in poverty with about 1.2 billion people (23%) of the total world population are living on $1 or less a day. An additional 1.6 billion people live on $1 to $2 a day

Income Group Economies and GNI Per Capita : 

7 Income Group Economies and GNI Per Capita World Bank Country Classification

Poverty -A World Gap : 

8 Poverty -A World Gap An example of the highest economies is Norway with a GNI per capita $38,470 (BD 15,000) and of the lowest is Ethiopia where the GNI per capita is $100 (BD 37)

The Poorest of the Poor! : 

9 The Poorest of the Poor! The gap between extreme poverty in Djibouti, which represents 75% of the population and the estimated 11.7% of Americans who live under the poverty line is very wide

Poverty in the Middle East : 

10 Poverty in the Middle East The poor in Arab countries excluding the GCC represent 34-38% (90-100 million) people

Why does Poverty exist in the Middle East? : 

11 Why does Poverty exist in the Middle East? Oil prices, Military conflict, International sanctions, Civil wars, Influx of refugees, and lately the Gulf wars

Classification of Economies in the Middle East : 

12 Classification of Economies in the Middle East

Poverty Gap in the Middle East-GNI Comparison : 

13 Poverty Gap in the Middle East-GNI Comparison

Comparison between two Middle East Countries - 2002 : 

14 Comparison between two Middle East Countries - 2002 Source: WB data 2002

Poverty in the GCC States : 

15 Poverty in the GCC States

GCC Gross National Income (GNI)Per Capita 2002 : 

16 GCC Gross National Income (GNI)Per Capita 2002

Human Development Indicators : 

17 Human Development Indicators UNDP - 1997

“Avoidable Poverty”“A Waste of Human Potentials & Capabilities” : 

18 “Avoidable Poverty”“A Waste of Human Potentials & Capabilities” UNDP

Bahrainat a Glance : 

19 Bahrainat a Glance

Bahrain at a glance - 2002 : 

20 Bahrain at a glance - 2002 Population (million) - 0.67 GNI per capita - 10,500 USD Population growth rate - 2.7% Bahraini - 2.5% Non-Bahraini - 3.1% Life expectancy - 73 IMR per 1000 LB - 13 MMR per 1000 LB - 0.22 Fertility rate - 2.3 Literacy (total) - 88.5 Literacy, Female - 84.2 Poverty - data not available

Poverty Profiles : 

21 Poverty Profiles Workforce 41.2% Household income 100-250 BD Unemployment 16.965 (15%) Social Welfare 20,000 (80,000 ) Disabled 4,229 Child Labor ???

Household income & Indirect Tax : 

22 Household income & Indirect Tax All citizens pay indirect taxes on all imported goods directly from out of pocket. These public services include water, municipality, electricity, transportation, gas, telecommunication services and all other life commodities

Health Care SystemUniversal Health Coverage : 

23 Health Care SystemUniversal Health Coverage

The Constitution : 

24 The Constitution Universal coverage is founded on the direction of Article 8 of the constitution which stipulates “Every citizen shall have the right to health welfare, the state shall care for the public health and ensure means of provision and treatment by establishing various kinds of facilities. Individuals and bodies may establish hospitals, clinics or infirmaries under supervision of the state in accordance with the Law.”

Slide 25: 

25 Sources of Health Financing

Private (Out of Pocket) : 

26 Private (Out of Pocket) 26% ?? 31 million BD WB - 2002

Health Care Delivery ModelsChoices for the Poor : 

27 Health Care Delivery ModelsChoices for the Poor

Slide 28: 

28 All these systems will violate the constitutional rights of Citizens if used in isolation of Public Health system Private insurances Public insurances Total privatization Saving schemes

The Way Forward Improve Efficiency & Quality : 

29 The Way Forward Improve Efficiency & Quality

How? : 

30 How? Embracing sound economic policy reforms Investing in PHC Increase Government spending on health Improving National data collection , processing & use

Ethical Challenge : 

31 Ethical Challenge People only live full lives in the light of Human Rights Are we addressing this challenge ?