SpAcE MaKiNg

Slide 1: 

S P A C E

Slide 16: 

ELEMENTS OF SPACE MAKING

Slide 17: 

FLOOR WALL COLUMNS OPENINGS STAIR ROOF

Slide 18: 

F L O O R

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The floor is essentially a horizontal plane, providing a firm datum, a resting plane for all objects In that space. As the base plane, the floor is a single entity with references only to gravity,. the 'downward' force. Where levels are Involved, the relative positions of other base planes get perceived as 'above' or 'below' the reference plane. The floor distinctly defined in two-dimensional plane as X-axis and Z-axis Floor Flat, level floors with no change or modulation form a single datum for all objects on it relating to the ground in the same manner.

Slide 20: 

Any three- dimensional form influences the volume of spaces surrounding it and generates a field which it claims as its own. A perceptible change in the flooring strongly delineates and demarcates a difference in the zone. Flooring materials are perceived differently through their colour, textural rendering, finishes, grain structure, base material etc. For example, naturally occurring materials like stone, mud and grass register differently, each defining its own extent and boundary. Defining Space Garden, Rashtrapati Bhavan, Delhi

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The floor being the datum upon which all movement, of both persons and goods, takes place, It can be effectively used to accentuate movement patterns. This can be achieved by the creation of guiding lines through articula­tions In shapes, levels, or surface differentiation by explorations In different materials colours or even textures, Floor patterns are often used to punctuate pauses, emphasize movement directions or plainly to generate a 'place' through continuous texture Floor also acts as threshold element and provides way for communication. Movement Guide Plan, Mughal Gardens,Taj Mahal, Agra

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Architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed The Falling Waters at Pennsylvania in 1936-39 Terraces working as extended balcony planes emphasize strong horizontality here. The siting of the structure is upon the bedrock. The usage of the same rocks for the flooring inside increases the feeling of connectivity to the surroundings. The openings on all the sides allow the floors to spread out and intersperse with the greenery around. FALLINGWATERS, PENNSYLVANIA

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At the central hearth an original piece of rock pierces through the flooring emphasizing itself. A stairway as plain horizontal levels descends Into the calm and flat plunge pool as If the surface of the water were another floor to descend into. Other terraces and modulations create a hierarchy of semi-covered and open spaces. FALLINGWATERS, PENNSYLVANIA

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C O L U M N

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Columns

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Columns

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Columns

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Columns

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Columns

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Columns

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Columns

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Columns

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Columns

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Master builder Bernini designed the Piazza Colonnade of St Peter's Basilica, built in 1656-57. It is a vast oval piazza circumvented by Doric colon­nades, branching out in two hemi-cycles. A central obelisk dominates the space around the oval open space. It strongly emphasizes a centrality by becoming a locus determining the spatial roles of the built form surrounding it through its radiating aura, A relatively low colonnade around it permits wide Visibility, giving an impression of a forest of verticals, Repetition of columns generates a rhythm through frequency and consistency St PETER'S SQUARE, VATICAN Colonnades around the obelisk by creation of planes, giving a sense of definition and enclosure to the large open space, containing space within Colonnade defining the movement path

Slide 40: 

W A L L

Slide 70: 

As plane possessing height, a wall entraps space when it closes in on itself. This, combined with the property of being a physical barrier bestows upon it the responsibility of protection-of a controlled microcosm within a vast macrocosm-physically, notionally, climatically, etc. Protective Barrier Entrance of Sam House, Jaisalmer Fort wall of Jaisalmer, Jaisalmer Being a physical barrier, walls do not allow penetration through them Combined with their planarity through stretched planes, they guide movement along their length. Also, due to other aspects of the wall, such as visual composition and other elements, the wall generates physical patterns of movement with spatial notions Movement guide Massing of the wall defines the movement

Slide 71: 

The wall plane as the external envelope of Interior space, perpendicular to the line of sight becomes the single most conspicuous element forming the facade of any structure. It faces competition only from the roof to complete the image of the building. Facade modulator As a vertical plane, most evident in the cone of vision, walls as barriers become the most potent communication elements capable of encoding messages. Communicator and encoder University of Jodhpur Campus, Jodhpur

Slide 72: 

Bhungas-the typical traditional dwellings of Kutchchh, a hot and dry desert region, are characterized by thick circular adobe wall enclosures with small openings and a conical thatched roof. Decorations and ornamentation on the wall with clay and mirror murals give a distinct identity to each unit within the homogenous clusters. With minimum openings it encloses a volume in itself and functions as a protective barrier against the climatic forces. The walls are also creatively used to accommodate built-In niches and extended plinths for storage BHUNGA, KUTCHCHH

Slide 73: 

Bhungas-the typical traditional dwellings of Kutchchh, a hot and dry desert region, are characterized by thick circular adobe wall enclosures with small openings and a conical thatched roof. Decorations and ornamentation on the wall with clay and mirror murals give a distinct identity to each unit within the homogenous clusters. With minimum openings it encloses a volume in itself and functions as a protective barrier against the climatic forces. The walls are also creatively used to accommodate built-In niches and extended plinths for storage BHUNGA, KUTCHCHH

Slide 74: 

O P E N I N G S

Slide 76: 

Windows allow daylight to penetrate the space and illuminate the surfaces of a room, offer views to the exterior, establish relationships with adjacent spaces, and provides natural ventilation.

Slide 77: 

Door way offers entry into a room and influence the patterns of movement and the use within it.

Slide 78: 

Openings lying wholly within the enclosing planes of a space do not weaken the edge definition not the sense of enclosure of the space.

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Openings lying wholly within the enclosing planes of a space do not weaken the edge definition not the sense of enclosure of the space.

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Openings lying wholly within the enclosing planes of a space do not weaken the edge definition not the sense of enclosure of the space.

Slide 81: 

Openings lying wholly within the enclosing planes of a space do not weaken the edge definition not the sense of enclosure of the space.

Slide 82: 

Multiple openings may be clustered to form a unified composition with a plane, or be staggered or dispersed to create visual movement along the surface of the plane

Slide 83: 

Multiple openings may be clustered to form a unified composition with a plane, or be staggered or dispersed to create visual movement along the surface of the plane

Slide 84: 

As an opening within a plane increases in size, it will at some point cease to be a figure within an enclosing field and becomes a positive element in itself.

Slide 85: 

As an opening within a plane increases in size, it will at some point cease to be a figure within an enclosing field and becomes a positive element in itself.

Slide 86: 

A horizontal opening that extends across a wall plane begins to visually lift the ceiling plane from the wall planes and give it a feeling of lightness.

Slide 87: 

A window – wall admits more daylight, offers more expansive views and visually expands the space beyond its physical boundaries.

Slide 88: 

A window – wall admits more daylight, offers more expansive views and visually expands the space beyond its physical boundaries.

Slide 89: 

Openings located at the edges of the enclosing planes of a space visually weaken the corners of the volume. As these openings increase in number and size, the space loses its sense of enclosure and begins to merge with adjacent spaces.

Slide 90: 

Openings located at the edges of the enclosing planes of a space visually weaken the corners of the volume. As these openings increase in number and size, the space loses its sense of enclosure and begins to merge with adjacent spaces.

Slide 91: 

Locating a skylight along the edge where a wall and the ceiling plane meet allows daylight to wash the surface of the wall, illuminate it, and enhance the brightness of the space.

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Combining a window-wall with a large skylight overhead obscures the boundaries between inside and outside.

Slide 93: 

Architect Louis I. Kahn designed the Indian Institute of Management 1962-67. The academic complex follows strong geometry and is surrounded on two sides by the student hostel and faculty housing resulting in a variety of courts and squares. The complex is a textbook on the variety of arches and makes use of these, in the most poetic and appropriate manner, to generate voids for windows and other apertures for a variety of uses. IIM, AHMEDABAD

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The deep recesses and openings are varied devices to control the natural light, permit ventilation and modulation 01 the built mass. Ordinary construction materials such as brick and concrete, in this built space, have a very special meaning in the form of three dimensional Living arches and buttresses. Solid insulating planes of exposed brick, shaded corridors as internal streets and austere plazas give the institutional campus its dignity and monumentality IIM, AHMEDABAD

Slide 95: 

L I G H T

Slide 143: 

V I E W S

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S T A I R W A Y S