Coffee

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A PRESENTATION ON STATUS OF COFFEE IN NORTH EASTERN REGION IN GENERAL AND TRIPURA IN PARTICULAR BY SRI. JAWAID AKHTAR, IAS CHAIRMAN COFFEE BOARD, BANGALORE

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PROSPECTS OF COFFEE DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH EASTERN REGION Coffee Introduced – 1853 – Cachar dist of Assam Experimented on plantation scale by state Govt agencies – Garo Hiils of Meghalaya. Board prepared perspective plan in association with NCAER (National Council of Applied Economic Research) in 1970 and implemented through the aegis of North Eastern Council, Shillong Conducted survey & identified - 44000 ha in 322 villages located in 39 districts of 7 states

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TOTAL 44000 Ha 16000 Ha 8000 Ha 4000 Ha 4000 Ha 4000 Ha 4000 Ha 4000 Ha AREA FOUND SUITABLE FOR COFFEE (Surveyed Area)

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RESEARCH : REGIONAL COFFEE RESEARCH STATION, DIPHU, ASSAM Coffee Demonstration Farms :- Haflong(Assam) Deomali( Arunachal Pradesh) Kolasib (Mizoram) Tulakona (Tripura) EXTENSION OFFICES Coffee Demonstration Farm Deomali Senior Liaison Officer, Tura Junior Liaison Officer, Shillong Senior Liaison Officer, Kolasib Senior Liaison Officer, Lunglei Senior Liaison Officer, Mokokchung Senior Liaison Officer, Haflong Senior Liaison Officer, Kumarghat Extension Centre, C’Cpur, Manipur Field Level Extensionist Vs Holdings 1 : 934

COFFEE BOARD ORGANISATIONAL SET UP IN N. E REGION : 

COFFEE BOARD ORGANISATIONAL SET UP IN N. E REGION

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Area developed so far under state agencies: 7577 Ha. Arunachal Pradesh Forest Corporation Ltd. Plantation is being held by the agency with minimum maintenance – Deomali, Arunachal Pradesh Assam Plantation Crops Development Corporation Handed over plantations to tribal growers Soil Conservation Departments in Mizoram and Meghalaya Handed over most plantations to tribal growers Holding some departmental plantations Forest Department of Tripura Pioneer of coffee in Tripura State later on discontinued due to amendment of Forest Act. Nagaland and Manipur State Agencies NPCDC in Nagaland & MPCC in Manipur took up coffee plantation have since closed down. Plantation created in Nagaland were handed over to tribal growers in abandoned condition. Coffee in North Eastern States by different agencies

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AREA STATISTICS

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PRODUCTION OF COFFEE N.E. REGION (last 3years) In MT NE Region Average Productivity – 36 Kgs/Ha

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CROP PRODUCTION 2009-10

XI-Plan-Implementation of Coffee Development Programme in NER--Schemes and Modalities : 

XI-Plan-Implementation of Coffee Development Programme in NER--Schemes and Modalities Expansion, Target- 850 hectares Financial Incentives- Rs.20000/Ha Consolidation / Rejuvenation- Target-1000 hectares, Financial Incentives- Rs. 15000/ha. Raising/Supply of Coffee and Shade tree seedlings. Target- Coffee seedling 25.5 lakhs- Rs.76.50 lakhs Shade tree sapling 1.50 lakhs -Rs.7.50 lakhs Quality-Up gradation Construction of Drying Yard-500 nos. 90% subsidy for growers below 2.0 hectares and 50% subsidy for growers above 2.0 hectares Procurement and Supply of Baby Pulpers-320 nos 90% subsidy for growers below 2.0 hectares and 50% subsidy for growers above 2.0 hectares Procurement and Supply of Perforated Aluminum Trays 2000 nos 90% subsidy for growers below 2.0 hectares and 50% subsidy for growers above 2.0 hectares Market Support Scheme Extending Financial Support to set up Coffee Processing unit one no.

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Physical & Financial Achievement During 2009-10 Total Coffee Seedlings raised 5.59 Lakhs Total Shade Tree Seedlings raised 2200 Total Seedlings Distributed 5.18 Lakhs Total Shade Tree Seedlings Distributed 2200 Total Expenditure incurred Rs.15.32 Lakhs ACHIEVEMENTS –CDP Exp. Con. Physical (in Ha.) 249.00 78.00 Financial (Rs. Lakhs) Rs.22.41 Rs.39.00 Number of Growers benefited 617

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Physical & Financial Targets for 2010-11 Total Coffee Seedlings to be raised 8.00 Lakhs Total Shade Tree Seedlings to be raised 23800 nos Growers to be benefited 1076 Area to be covered under Expansion Consolidation Area (in Ha.) 200.00 230.00 Financial Target Rs.18.00 Lacs Rs.11.50 Lacs GRANT SCHEMES TARGET Numbers Fin Outlay Distribution of Pulpers 60 Rs.8.10 Lacs Distribution of AL Trays 500 Rs.25.00 Lacs Construction of Drying Yard 45 Rs.4.86 Lacs

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MARKET SUPPORT SCHEME Collection and Procurement of coffee Transportation Curing Storage Arrange for disposal The Market Support Scheme was started during IX Plan and 2010-11 is the 12th year of its operation.

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CONSTRAINTS OF COFFEE PRODUCTION IN NER Technical: Running blossom-May to June poor fruit-set and crop loss Unpredictable weather & un-seasonal rains Black bean disorder in Arabica in lower elevation- very poor out turn Non-Technical: Lack of skill manpower Economic factors of the poor tribes. Difficult areas /hostile terrains / inaccessibility Lack of primary interest in growing coffee due to nascent stage Poor follow-up due to lack of technical manpower to cover up the on-going schemes of the Board.

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PROBLEMS AND HURDLES IN IMPLEMENTATION Lack of adequate Technical Manpower to take up development activities Lack of involvement of State Government to share financial assistance for development activities with the exception of Tripura. Inadequate adoption of technology by growers due to economic reasons Large vacancies in coffee holdings Long gestation of coffee requires sustained investment Only Board’s support is insufficient to make a meaningful impact on the successful establishment of coffee. Poor accessibility.

Coffee in Tripura : 

Coffee in Tripura Coffee was introduced in Tripura by Forest Department during late 70s. Around 817 hectares of area was covered from 1979 to 1987 comprising 734 ha Robusta & 83 ha Arabica The spread of Coffee by the Forest Department was in West Tripura, South Tripura and in the hill-range of Baramura, Atharamura and Longtorai. The Coffee activity was restricted due to amendment of Forest Rules and there after coffee remained abandoned.

The Coffee Board in Tripura : 

The Coffee Board in Tripura The Coffee Board started functioning by opening office of the Senior Liaison Officer at Agartala during 1984 with a view to provide R & D support and to cater the needs of small coffee growers and other agencies. demonstrate scientific method of coffee cultivation at Coffee Demonstration Farm (CDF) Tulakona, West Tripura which was estd. during 1986 obtaining 20 has land from Forest Department. take up coffee expansion programme and extension activities for small coffee growers sector in the state of Tripura.

Coffee Expansion IX- PLAN (1997 -2002)Special Area Programme (SAP) : 

Coffee Expansion IX- PLAN (1997 -2002)Special Area Programme (SAP) Objective 1) To increase the coffee production by bringing more suitable areas under coffee cultivation 2) To settle the shift/ Jhumias on permanent Agriculture to generate gainful self employment to the native tribals by rehabilitating on permanent footing which acts as regular source of income and to improve their socio-economic status. 200 hectares of area was brought under Robusta Coffee in West and South Tripura benefiting 224 growers. This includes 50 hectares under Group Plantation Scheme (GPS) with 50% equity share between Coffee Board and Tribal Welfare department Govt of Tripura

Coffee Expansion X- PLAN (2002 -2007)Special Area Programme (SAP) : 

Coffee Expansion X- PLAN (2002 -2007)Special Area Programme (SAP) With the same objective, Robusta coffee was again taken up in West Tripura and South Tripura and Survey as well as coffee cultivation was taken up in Jampui Hill in an altitude of 750mts to 950 mts MSL which is ideal for Arabica Coffee. Area brought under Coffee Robusta Arabica Area (ha) Ben Area(ha) Ben 56 63 159 197

Present status -- IX and X-Plan : 

Present status -- IX and X-Plan At present 194 ha Arabica coffee is existing at Jampui Hills with 197 growers which is bearing and Only 49 ha Robusta coffee is existing which is bearing with 34 growers in West and South Tripura

Subsidy Component and Financial Assistanceby : 

Subsidy Component and Financial Assistanceby COFFEE BOARD Rs.15000 per ha subsidy in 2 installments was extended to the eligible growers during IX & X Plan Conduct Training & Study Tour to the coffee growers. GOVT. OF TRIPURA Financial Assistance was extended by Govt. of Tripura for SC ST and OBC coffee growers Financial help from Tribal Welfare Department, Govt. of Tripura was extended to GPS growers at Sabroom, South Tripura Raising coffee nurseries & planting at Jampui hill during 2002-03 under Jhumia Settlement Scheme by Tribal Welfare Department. Supplied 25 nos of Baby pulpers with a share of 40% District Administration North Tripura district, 50% Coffee Board and 10 % beneficiary to prepare quality coffee.

Coffee Development Programme (CDP) XI- PLAN (2007 -2012) : 

Coffee Development Programme (CDP) XI- PLAN (2007 -2012) Coffee Board has come up with CDP where growers will be benefited under new creation of coffee holdings and consolidation of old and existing holdings only at Jampui Hills. The subsidy component is Rs.20000/- per hectare for new creation /Expansion and Rs.15000/- for consolidation in three installments. Supply of Nursery seedlings both coffee and shade tree to the coffee growers free of cost. Supply of perforated Aluminum Trays for drying coffee at 90% subsidized rate Supply of single disc baby pulper at 90% subsidized rate for preparing quality coffee. Construction of cemented drying yard at 90% subsidized rate. Study tour to TEC Bualpui,Mizoram Periodic On-Farm Training and Quality Awareness Campaign Extending Stipend and Financial grant to the children of laborers of Coffee beneficiaries.

Production and Productivity : 

Production and Productivity Last Five years crop production (cc kgs) Average productivity (last five years ) Robusta 19 kgs per ha, Arabica 48 kgs per ha

Techno-Feasibility Report : 

Techno-Feasibility Report The Competent Authority of Coffee Board has constituted a team comprising of Senior Scientist and Extension Officers to study and evaluate the present status of coffee plantation in NER in 2006. During the visit to Tripura the team has submitted a report with a view that the agro-climatic conditions prevailing in South and West Tripura are not at all congenial for cultivation of coffee and the existing holdings are beyond the scope of consolidation. Winding up of CDF without further investment as there is no single holding worthy of taking note in the entire West and Wouth Tripura districts. The Office of the SLO, Agartala could be located in a place near by Jampui Hills which is the only suitable area for coffee cultivation due to favourable Agro-climatic factors Accordingly the office of the Senior Liaison Officer, Coffee Board Agartala was shifted to Kumarghat during 2007.

Coffee Demonstration Farm (CDF),Tulakona : 

Coffee Demonstration Farm (CDF),Tulakona The Coffee Demonstration Farm was estd. During the year 1986 acquiring 20 hectares land from Forest department. At present the planted area is 8.4 hectares Robusta with a bearing area of 5.0 hectares. 12 permanent labourers are working in the Farm The last 10 years average productivity of Robusta crop in CDF Tulakona is 138.40 kgs. But after revival during 2006-07 productivity was 341.0 kgs /ha as a first crop followed by 155 kgs/ha during 2007-08, 710 kgs/ ha during 2008-09 and 170 kg per ha during 2009-10.

Closure of CDF, Tulakona : 

Closure of CDF, Tulakona Based on the Techno-Feasibility Study Report the Competent Authority of the Coffee Board has decided to close and hand over the Coffee Demonstration Farm to the State Govt. On serving the notice for retrenchment of CDF Workmen by extending terminal benefits, the workmen has filed Writ Petition to the Hon’ble High Court, Guwahati, Agartala Bench. The Writ Petition filed by the laboures was disposed off by the Hon’ble High Court.

Opening of new Arabica CDF : 

Opening of new Arabica CDF Based on the decision for closing of CDF Tulakona the Board has decided to open an Arabica CDF in a suitable location at Jampui. Once a CDF is opened at Jampui Hills the farm workers hitherto working at CDF Tulakona can be effectively redeployed. The District Magistrate & Collector North Tripura communicated regarding non-availability of Khas land in Jampui. Alternatively Coffee Board has requested Horticulture & Soil Conservation department for allotment of land in Jampui Spice Development Center, Vanghmun. The Director dept of Horticulture and Soil Conservation has recently communicated that the Govt may provide some portion of land at JSDC (Jampui Spice Development Centre) to start our activities on pilot basis only after actual verification and actual delineation of the remaining area available by the land revenue department, Govt of Tripura. It is not clear whether the land will be handed over to Coffee Board. In order to start a Coffee Demonstration Farm at least 10 to 15 acre (around 5 hectares) area is required to develop the farm and its infrastructure.

TO SUM UP : 

TO SUM UP Individual tribal farmers took to coffee cultivation under Board’s programs since the IX Plan. Market Support Scheme of the Board provides required assurance to the farmers for marketing of coffee. Extension Activities got boosted by on-farm training, participatory methods and study tours. Greater pooling at Coffee Processing Factory, Lokhra and Bualpui revived curing operations. Present prevailing coffee price and speedy disposal at ICTA Auction boosted the morale of the growers to maintain their holdings.

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Thank you