logging in or signing up A Basic Guide To First Aid aSGuest53351 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 941 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: July 07, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: dazz0022 (11 month(s) ago) hey great presentation :) can you please send it on my email? Its Daniel-leli-azz@hotmail.com .. much appreciated :) Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: diane11 (15 month(s) ago) hi.. can i ask a copy of this wonderful presentation? please.. here's my email: paulen_diane@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: iAMkimie (18 month(s) ago) Great presentation. Can I have a copy please? Please forward to my email: khimmie02@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript A Basic Guide To First Aid : 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training A Basic Guide To First Aid Basic Guide To First Aid Please note this is only a guide and does not qualify as training. Slide 2: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training What is First Aid: First is the first help a casualty receives at the scene of an accident before a doctor or ambulance arrives. First Aid is the initial care of a suddenly sick or injured person It is the prompt care and attention prior to the arrival of the ambulance services or a doctor. This can sometimes mean the difference between life and death. Aims of First Aid: (3 P's) P - Preserve Life. P - Prevent the condition worsening. P - Promote Recovery. Priorities When Treating Casualties: (The A, B, C of First Aid) Airway, Breathing, Circulation.Ensure that the airway is open and the casualty has a pulse and respiration's. Then treat major bleeding, burns come next, and then fractures. However an open fracture with severe bleeding comes under bleeding. If there is more than one causality, treat the most serious one first. Never ignore the quiet causalities, as they could be the most serious. Slide 3: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Getting Help: Make sure you phone for an ambulance as soon as possible. You dial 999 or 112 and ask for an ambulance. You should tell your exact location, your telephone number, the number of causalities, whether you need any other services e.g. Garda for a road accident or Fire Brigade if someone is trapped. Also tell them if you need special equipment like a cardiac ambulance or if someone is about to give birth. Body Substance Isolation: Gloves should always be worn for your own safety and the safety of the casualty. They protect you from HIV and they also protect the causality from germs that could be on your hands. Other personal protective equipment should be used if applicable like face shields, eyewear and aprons. FUNCTIONS OF A FIRST AIDER: Assess - Check for dangers. Make the area safe and find out the History of the situation.Diagnose - Find out what's wrong with the causality by finding out their signs and symptoms and other external clues.Treat - Treat the causalities in order of priority. Dispose - Send the causality to the doctors, to the hospital or home with somebody responsible. Give them all the relevant information they may need. Slide 4: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training History: This is the full story of how the accident occurred. It also should include the patients past medical history, and medication they are on or any illness they are suffering from. Details about the causality should also be found early on in case they go unconscious. External Clues: These can be medication they have on them or warning bracelets that give detail about their medical History. The Medic Alert bracelets tell you how to treat them and who to contact. Medicine for conditions like diabetes or angina could also help you. The most important person at the scene of an accident is the First Aider. You should never put yourself in danger to help someone else. An injured First Aider is no good. Never go into burning buildings, near high voltage electricity wires or into water. If you come across a car accident make sure the ignition is turned off and the hand brake is on. If the car or causality is in the middle of the road, use bystanders to stop traffic. Slide 5: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Bleeding A Wound is a crack or break in the skin that allows germs to enter and blood to escape. Slide 6: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Three categories of bleeding: Arterial: most serious from arteries. Bright Red and spurting.Venous: comes from the veins. Dark red and flowing.Capillary: least serious from capillaries. Mixture of reds and oozing. Treatment: Apply direct pressure, Raise and support the injured limb, cover wound with a sterile dressing, treat for shock and send to hospital. Pressure Points: A place which pressure can be placed to stop blood flowing to the entire limb e.g. arm. This can be used if direct pressure does not work. This is where an artery can be pressed against a bone to stop the blood flow beyond this point. They can be found in your arm and at the top of your leg. Circulation: You can check circulation of a casualty by pressing their nail so it turns white. It should return back to red by the time you say capillary refill. Slide 7: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Pulse: This is a throb of blood that passes along your arteries with each beat of your heart. It can be felt where an artery passes over a bone close to the skin E.g. radial pulse. The pulse rate of an adult is between 60 - 80.The average amount of blood an adult has is 8-9 litre's Crush Injuries: If a casualty is trapped for more than 15 minutes you should leave them trapped as poisons have built up. If it is release it could cause kidney failure. Signs & Symptoms of Blood Loss: Face & Skin: pale cold and clammy.Pulse: fast and weak (less blood so pulse is weak as harder to find. It is faster to make up for the blood loss)Breathing: fast and shallow may gasp for air (Air Hunger)Behaviour: May be restless, thirsty, faint, and dizzy. Shock: A serious condition that occurs when the cardiovascular system is unable to supply enough blood flow to the body. It can be caused by a loss of fluids or heart problems. Slide 8: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Fractures A Fracture is a crack or break in the bone. CAUSES OF FRACTURES: Direct Force: This is a blow to the body that causes the bone to break at the spot the blow was received. Indirect Force: This, for example, happens when you fall and land on your hands but a force travels up and breaks your collar bone (Clavicle). Slide 9: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training TYPES OF FRACTURES: Slide 10: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:S Swelling.Pain.Loss Of Movement.Irregularity.Noise.Tenderness.Shock. TREATMENT: Steady and Support- Try to reduce pain by stopping movement. Immobilise- Tie the legs together or put the arm in a sling. Open Fracture- Place a dressing on an open fracture. Closed Fracture- Place a cold compress on to reduce swelling. Padding- to prevent limbs grating off each other. Treat for Shock and send to the Hospital. TYPE OF JOINTS: Ball and Socket- shoulder and hip. Hinge - knee and elbow. Slightly Moveable- spine and jaw. Slide 11: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Soft Tissue Injuries Sprain: This is a torn ligament at a joint. Strain: This is a torn or over stretched muscle. TREATMENT: Voluntary Muscles: Controlled by will e.g. your arm. Involuntary Muscles: Controlled by central nervous system, e.g. temperature control. Cramp: It is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles. To treat it, you should stretch the muscle by straightening it and then massage it. Dislocation: It is the displacement of a bone at a joint. Treat like a fracture. Slide 12: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Burns Six Main Types of Burns: Cold – caused by ice.Wet – caused by hot fluids.Dry – caused by dry heat like fires.Chemical – e.g. bleach.Radiation – e.g. Sunburn.Electrical – caused by electricity. Slide 13: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Treatment: The main treatment for burns is covering the affected area in WATER for ten – fifteen minutes. All burns on people, which are bigger than their own hand, or are intermediate or deep degree burns should be sent to the hospital. For people with burns to the mouth and throat you should give them short sips of water. DO NOTS OF BURNS: Do not burst Blisters or touch the injured part. Do not remove stuck on clothing. Do not apply ointments lotions or fats. Do not apply stick plasters or cotton wool on the burn. Do not overcool the casualty as this can lead to hypothermia. Do not touch a person who has been a victim of an electric shock as you could injure yourself. Note: if a person is in contact with high voltage electricity, you must remain 18 meters (20 yards) from them and contact the emergency services and inform them of the incident. Slide 14: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training POISONS: are substances that if taken in sufficient quantities can cause temporary or permanent damage to the body. If someone has swallowed a poison you should bring them to hospital with the details of the exact amount and the product they have taken. You should never make somebody to get sick. Poisons can act either locally or generally on the body. Locally is where it reacts at the site of the burn e.g. food passage or hand. Generally is where it affects the central nervous system and can interfere with breathing and your heart action. ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK: This is a severe allergic reaction within the body to a poison, e.g. with bee and wasp stings. Slide 15: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Nervous System: It is made up of the brain, the spinal cord and nerves. It carries signal to and from the brain to all parts of the body. It controls the activity of the involuntary muscles e.g. the blood vessels. Motor Neurons: carry messages from the brain to different parts of the body. Sensory Neurons: carry messages from the parts of the body to the brain. Unconsciousness: It is an interruption to the brains normal activity. Levels of Responsiveness: A - AlertV - VoiceP - PainU - Unresponsive Slide 16: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Recovery Position: A casualty is placed in the recovery position when they are unconsciousness and it is to ensure an open airway and to prevent them from choking on their tongue or vomit. Causes of Unconsciousness: F - FaintingI - Infantile ConvulsionsS - ShockH - Heat Imbalance S - StrokeH - Heart AttackA - AsphyxiaP - PoisoningE - EpilepsyD - Diabetes Slide 17: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Head Injuries Concussion: This is the shaking of the brain caused by a violent blow to the head. It can be recognised by a loss of memory of events leading up to the incident, headache and dizziness. You treat this by placing the person in the recovery position, monitoring vitals and calling an ambulance. This can develop into compression. Compression: This is where pressure is being placed on the brain. It can develop immediately after the incident or days later. It will result in a worsening in the level of response, unequal pupils, hot flushed face and slow breathing and pulse. Urgent transportation is required. Skull Fracture: It can lead to compression and concussion. There may be a soft depression in the skull or swelling, and there may be fluid coming from the nose or ears which is a straw colour or can also be a thin watery blood fluid. Slide 18: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Epilepsy: It is a disturbance in the electrical activity in the brain. There are two types: minor epilepsy (Petite Mal) and major epilepsy (Grand Mal). The minor epilepsy can involve slight twitching and switching off. Major epilepsy is when a casualty goes into violent and reoccurring seizures. Your main treatment is to protect the casualty from injuring themselves and also to call an ambulance. Infantile Convulsions: These are fits in young children aged 1 - 5, which can be cause by infections and fevers. You try to keep them cool by sponging them with tepid water and remove their clothes. You reassure the parents and call an ambulance. Stroke: This is where the blood flow to a part of the brain is impaired by a blood clot. There may be a sudden headache, drooping lip, loss of movement on one side of the body, a slow pulse and they may seem drunk as they are confused. Diabetes: This is where the body is unable to regulate the sugar level in the body. There is Hyperglycaemia where the sugar level is too high and they have to take insulin and there is Hypoglycaemia where the sugar level is too low and they need to take more sugar e.g. Lucozade or chocolate. Slide 19: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Heart Disease Heart Disease is one of the biggest killers in the Western World, which can lead to heart attacks, angina and possibly death. There are many factors which cause Heart Disease and they can be broken into Changeable factors and Unchangeable. Changeable factors are ones we have control over. Unfortunately we cannot change the unchangeable factors, so if your a Irish male over 50 with a family history of heart problems, you have high risk of having Heart Disease. Slide 20: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Heart Attack It most commonly occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is suddenly obstructed due to a blockage. It is very serious and can cause cardiac arrest. Signs & Symptoms: A dull chest pain that can radiate to the jaw and the left arm. Shortness of breath. Can feel like severe indigestion. "Ashen" skin and blueness of lips. Treatment: Reassure the casualty and place them in a half sitting position to ease the pressure on the heart. Call for an ambulance and constantly monitor and record the casualties vital signs (Pulse and breathing rate). If they have any medication help them to take it. If the pain persists and they are fully conscious give them one tablet of ordinary Aspirin to chew. Slide 21: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Angina This is the narrowing of an artery that can be brought on by exertion but is usually relieved by rest. People with a history of angina usually carry a spray (Glyceryl Trinitrate) that they spray under their tongue to relieve the attack. Treatment: Get the casualty to rest in a comfortable position and reassure them. If they have any medication help them to take it. If the pain persists call an ambulance, and suspect a heart attack. Slide 22: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Chain of Survival The chain of survival show the essential links in trying to save a persons life. It shows that survival of a cardiac arrest patient depends on a series of critical interventions. If any of these critical actions is delayed or neglected survival is unlikely. Early Accesses- The first intervention is to get to the patient as soon as possible and to call an ambulance. Early CPR- You must then commence CPR to artificially keep the person breathing and some blood circulating. Early Defibrillation- As you have already called an ambulance advanced medical help should come and use a defibrillator. Early Advanced Care- This is specialised treatment to stabilise the casualties condition quickly and efficiently. Each link is as important as the others and the casualties chance of survival is greatest if you follow those steps. Slide 23: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation This is the skill necessary to artificially provide circulation of blood to the brain and air to the lungs in order to prevent damage to the brain. It is done till medical help arrives. It is only ever preformed on someone who is Unconscious, Not Breathing, No Pulse or signs of circulation. Over the next few slides you will be shown the theory of CPR. It is very easy to learn and it is recommened that you attend a training course which will give you practice at preforming CRP. Slide 24: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation CPR is a resuscitation technique that is used to maintain circulation until help arrives by providing artificial respiration's and chest compressions to a casualty. "Shake & Shout". You do this by shaking there shoulders and saying "Hello, can you hear me?". If they do not answer, it means that they are unconscious. You must then Send for Help. If there is a bystander get them to call an ambulance, if there aren't any you must call an Ambulance as any unconscious casualty will need to go to hospital. You then check if they have an airway, are breathing. You do this by checking the A. B. of the casualty. They Stand for Airway, Breathing & Circulation. Slide 25: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Airway You must now open the casualties airway by first tilting the head back by placing two fingers under the casualties chin and your other hand on their forehead. You then check to see if there is any obvious blockages to the airway by looking around the casualties mouth. If you see anything you can remove it by sweeping it out with your finger. Slide 26: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Breathing Next, you check the if the casualty is breathing by Look, Look, Listening and Feeling for a breath for 10 seconds. You do this by placing your cheek above the casualties mouth and you look to see if the chest is rising and falling, you listen to see if you can hear the casualties breath and you try to feel their breath on your cheek. If the casualty is not breathing, you then must Give Two Rescue Breaths to the casualty . You do this by forming a tight seal with your mouth around their mouth. You pinch the nose and breath into the casualty. When you do this make sure the chest rises, and that you don't breath to hard as this can force air into their stomach which can cause them to vomit. Make sure you remove your lips between rescue breaths so the casualty can allow the air to escape. Slide 27: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training If there is signs of breathing you must start to give 30 Chest Compressions. You kneel right beside the casualties chest and remove the casualties top. You then find the position to give the compressions by running your index finger along the bottom of the ribs till you come to the centre part. You then place two fingers above that point and place the heal of your other hand down directly above your fingers. This is the point at which you should apply pressure. You then place your other hand on top and lock your fingers and elbows. You then lean over the casualty and press vertically down to compress the chest 1½ to 2 inches. Slide 28: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training After the 30 compressions you have completed your first cycle of 2 breaths and 30 compressions. After Five Cycles You Recheck for Signs of Circulation. If it is still absent you continue with another five cycles. However if it is present you check if the casualty is breathing. If they are not breathing you commence Artificial Respiration by giving a rescue breath every 5 seconds and checking the pulse after every 10th breath. If they are breathing you place them in the recovery position and treat any life threatening injuries. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
A Basic Guide To First Aid aSGuest53351 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 941 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: July 07, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: dazz0022 (11 month(s) ago) hey great presentation :) can you please send it on my email? Its Daniel-leli-azz@hotmail.com .. much appreciated :) Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: diane11 (15 month(s) ago) hi.. can i ask a copy of this wonderful presentation? please.. here's my email: paulen_diane@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: iAMkimie (18 month(s) ago) Great presentation. Can I have a copy please? Please forward to my email: khimmie02@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript A Basic Guide To First Aid : 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training A Basic Guide To First Aid Basic Guide To First Aid Please note this is only a guide and does not qualify as training. Slide 2: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training What is First Aid: First is the first help a casualty receives at the scene of an accident before a doctor or ambulance arrives. First Aid is the initial care of a suddenly sick or injured person It is the prompt care and attention prior to the arrival of the ambulance services or a doctor. This can sometimes mean the difference between life and death. Aims of First Aid: (3 P's) P - Preserve Life. P - Prevent the condition worsening. P - Promote Recovery. Priorities When Treating Casualties: (The A, B, C of First Aid) Airway, Breathing, Circulation.Ensure that the airway is open and the casualty has a pulse and respiration's. Then treat major bleeding, burns come next, and then fractures. However an open fracture with severe bleeding comes under bleeding. If there is more than one causality, treat the most serious one first. Never ignore the quiet causalities, as they could be the most serious. Slide 3: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Getting Help: Make sure you phone for an ambulance as soon as possible. You dial 999 or 112 and ask for an ambulance. You should tell your exact location, your telephone number, the number of causalities, whether you need any other services e.g. Garda for a road accident or Fire Brigade if someone is trapped. Also tell them if you need special equipment like a cardiac ambulance or if someone is about to give birth. Body Substance Isolation: Gloves should always be worn for your own safety and the safety of the casualty. They protect you from HIV and they also protect the causality from germs that could be on your hands. Other personal protective equipment should be used if applicable like face shields, eyewear and aprons. FUNCTIONS OF A FIRST AIDER: Assess - Check for dangers. Make the area safe and find out the History of the situation.Diagnose - Find out what's wrong with the causality by finding out their signs and symptoms and other external clues.Treat - Treat the causalities in order of priority. Dispose - Send the causality to the doctors, to the hospital or home with somebody responsible. Give them all the relevant information they may need. Slide 4: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training History: This is the full story of how the accident occurred. It also should include the patients past medical history, and medication they are on or any illness they are suffering from. Details about the causality should also be found early on in case they go unconscious. External Clues: These can be medication they have on them or warning bracelets that give detail about their medical History. The Medic Alert bracelets tell you how to treat them and who to contact. Medicine for conditions like diabetes or angina could also help you. The most important person at the scene of an accident is the First Aider. You should never put yourself in danger to help someone else. An injured First Aider is no good. Never go into burning buildings, near high voltage electricity wires or into water. If you come across a car accident make sure the ignition is turned off and the hand brake is on. If the car or causality is in the middle of the road, use bystanders to stop traffic. Slide 5: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Bleeding A Wound is a crack or break in the skin that allows germs to enter and blood to escape. Slide 6: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Three categories of bleeding: Arterial: most serious from arteries. Bright Red and spurting.Venous: comes from the veins. Dark red and flowing.Capillary: least serious from capillaries. Mixture of reds and oozing. Treatment: Apply direct pressure, Raise and support the injured limb, cover wound with a sterile dressing, treat for shock and send to hospital. Pressure Points: A place which pressure can be placed to stop blood flowing to the entire limb e.g. arm. This can be used if direct pressure does not work. This is where an artery can be pressed against a bone to stop the blood flow beyond this point. They can be found in your arm and at the top of your leg. Circulation: You can check circulation of a casualty by pressing their nail so it turns white. It should return back to red by the time you say capillary refill. Slide 7: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Pulse: This is a throb of blood that passes along your arteries with each beat of your heart. It can be felt where an artery passes over a bone close to the skin E.g. radial pulse. The pulse rate of an adult is between 60 - 80.The average amount of blood an adult has is 8-9 litre's Crush Injuries: If a casualty is trapped for more than 15 minutes you should leave them trapped as poisons have built up. If it is release it could cause kidney failure. Signs & Symptoms of Blood Loss: Face & Skin: pale cold and clammy.Pulse: fast and weak (less blood so pulse is weak as harder to find. It is faster to make up for the blood loss)Breathing: fast and shallow may gasp for air (Air Hunger)Behaviour: May be restless, thirsty, faint, and dizzy. Shock: A serious condition that occurs when the cardiovascular system is unable to supply enough blood flow to the body. It can be caused by a loss of fluids or heart problems. Slide 8: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Fractures A Fracture is a crack or break in the bone. CAUSES OF FRACTURES: Direct Force: This is a blow to the body that causes the bone to break at the spot the blow was received. Indirect Force: This, for example, happens when you fall and land on your hands but a force travels up and breaks your collar bone (Clavicle). Slide 9: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training TYPES OF FRACTURES: Slide 10: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:S Swelling.Pain.Loss Of Movement.Irregularity.Noise.Tenderness.Shock. TREATMENT: Steady and Support- Try to reduce pain by stopping movement. Immobilise- Tie the legs together or put the arm in a sling. Open Fracture- Place a dressing on an open fracture. Closed Fracture- Place a cold compress on to reduce swelling. Padding- to prevent limbs grating off each other. Treat for Shock and send to the Hospital. TYPE OF JOINTS: Ball and Socket- shoulder and hip. Hinge - knee and elbow. Slightly Moveable- spine and jaw. Slide 11: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Soft Tissue Injuries Sprain: This is a torn ligament at a joint. Strain: This is a torn or over stretched muscle. TREATMENT: Voluntary Muscles: Controlled by will e.g. your arm. Involuntary Muscles: Controlled by central nervous system, e.g. temperature control. Cramp: It is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles. To treat it, you should stretch the muscle by straightening it and then massage it. Dislocation: It is the displacement of a bone at a joint. Treat like a fracture. Slide 12: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Burns Six Main Types of Burns: Cold – caused by ice.Wet – caused by hot fluids.Dry – caused by dry heat like fires.Chemical – e.g. bleach.Radiation – e.g. Sunburn.Electrical – caused by electricity. Slide 13: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Treatment: The main treatment for burns is covering the affected area in WATER for ten – fifteen minutes. All burns on people, which are bigger than their own hand, or are intermediate or deep degree burns should be sent to the hospital. For people with burns to the mouth and throat you should give them short sips of water. DO NOTS OF BURNS: Do not burst Blisters or touch the injured part. Do not remove stuck on clothing. Do not apply ointments lotions or fats. Do not apply stick plasters or cotton wool on the burn. Do not overcool the casualty as this can lead to hypothermia. Do not touch a person who has been a victim of an electric shock as you could injure yourself. Note: if a person is in contact with high voltage electricity, you must remain 18 meters (20 yards) from them and contact the emergency services and inform them of the incident. Slide 14: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training POISONS: are substances that if taken in sufficient quantities can cause temporary or permanent damage to the body. If someone has swallowed a poison you should bring them to hospital with the details of the exact amount and the product they have taken. You should never make somebody to get sick. Poisons can act either locally or generally on the body. Locally is where it reacts at the site of the burn e.g. food passage or hand. Generally is where it affects the central nervous system and can interfere with breathing and your heart action. ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK: This is a severe allergic reaction within the body to a poison, e.g. with bee and wasp stings. Slide 15: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Nervous System: It is made up of the brain, the spinal cord and nerves. It carries signal to and from the brain to all parts of the body. It controls the activity of the involuntary muscles e.g. the blood vessels. Motor Neurons: carry messages from the brain to different parts of the body. Sensory Neurons: carry messages from the parts of the body to the brain. Unconsciousness: It is an interruption to the brains normal activity. Levels of Responsiveness: A - AlertV - VoiceP - PainU - Unresponsive Slide 16: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Recovery Position: A casualty is placed in the recovery position when they are unconsciousness and it is to ensure an open airway and to prevent them from choking on their tongue or vomit. Causes of Unconsciousness: F - FaintingI - Infantile ConvulsionsS - ShockH - Heat Imbalance S - StrokeH - Heart AttackA - AsphyxiaP - PoisoningE - EpilepsyD - Diabetes Slide 17: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Head Injuries Concussion: This is the shaking of the brain caused by a violent blow to the head. It can be recognised by a loss of memory of events leading up to the incident, headache and dizziness. You treat this by placing the person in the recovery position, monitoring vitals and calling an ambulance. This can develop into compression. Compression: This is where pressure is being placed on the brain. It can develop immediately after the incident or days later. It will result in a worsening in the level of response, unequal pupils, hot flushed face and slow breathing and pulse. Urgent transportation is required. Skull Fracture: It can lead to compression and concussion. There may be a soft depression in the skull or swelling, and there may be fluid coming from the nose or ears which is a straw colour or can also be a thin watery blood fluid. Slide 18: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Epilepsy: It is a disturbance in the electrical activity in the brain. There are two types: minor epilepsy (Petite Mal) and major epilepsy (Grand Mal). The minor epilepsy can involve slight twitching and switching off. Major epilepsy is when a casualty goes into violent and reoccurring seizures. Your main treatment is to protect the casualty from injuring themselves and also to call an ambulance. Infantile Convulsions: These are fits in young children aged 1 - 5, which can be cause by infections and fevers. You try to keep them cool by sponging them with tepid water and remove their clothes. You reassure the parents and call an ambulance. Stroke: This is where the blood flow to a part of the brain is impaired by a blood clot. There may be a sudden headache, drooping lip, loss of movement on one side of the body, a slow pulse and they may seem drunk as they are confused. Diabetes: This is where the body is unable to regulate the sugar level in the body. There is Hyperglycaemia where the sugar level is too high and they have to take insulin and there is Hypoglycaemia where the sugar level is too low and they need to take more sugar e.g. Lucozade or chocolate. Slide 19: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Heart Disease Heart Disease is one of the biggest killers in the Western World, which can lead to heart attacks, angina and possibly death. There are many factors which cause Heart Disease and they can be broken into Changeable factors and Unchangeable. Changeable factors are ones we have control over. Unfortunately we cannot change the unchangeable factors, so if your a Irish male over 50 with a family history of heart problems, you have high risk of having Heart Disease. Slide 20: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Heart Attack It most commonly occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is suddenly obstructed due to a blockage. It is very serious and can cause cardiac arrest. Signs & Symptoms: A dull chest pain that can radiate to the jaw and the left arm. Shortness of breath. Can feel like severe indigestion. "Ashen" skin and blueness of lips. Treatment: Reassure the casualty and place them in a half sitting position to ease the pressure on the heart. Call for an ambulance and constantly monitor and record the casualties vital signs (Pulse and breathing rate). If they have any medication help them to take it. If the pain persists and they are fully conscious give them one tablet of ordinary Aspirin to chew. Slide 21: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Angina This is the narrowing of an artery that can be brought on by exertion but is usually relieved by rest. People with a history of angina usually carry a spray (Glyceryl Trinitrate) that they spray under their tongue to relieve the attack. Treatment: Get the casualty to rest in a comfortable position and reassure them. If they have any medication help them to take it. If the pain persists call an ambulance, and suspect a heart attack. Slide 22: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Chain of Survival The chain of survival show the essential links in trying to save a persons life. It shows that survival of a cardiac arrest patient depends on a series of critical interventions. If any of these critical actions is delayed or neglected survival is unlikely. Early Accesses- The first intervention is to get to the patient as soon as possible and to call an ambulance. Early CPR- You must then commence CPR to artificially keep the person breathing and some blood circulating. Early Defibrillation- As you have already called an ambulance advanced medical help should come and use a defibrillator. Early Advanced Care- This is specialised treatment to stabilise the casualties condition quickly and efficiently. Each link is as important as the others and the casualties chance of survival is greatest if you follow those steps. Slide 23: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation This is the skill necessary to artificially provide circulation of blood to the brain and air to the lungs in order to prevent damage to the brain. It is done till medical help arrives. It is only ever preformed on someone who is Unconscious, Not Breathing, No Pulse or signs of circulation. Over the next few slides you will be shown the theory of CPR. It is very easy to learn and it is recommened that you attend a training course which will give you practice at preforming CRP. Slide 24: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation CPR is a resuscitation technique that is used to maintain circulation until help arrives by providing artificial respiration's and chest compressions to a casualty. "Shake & Shout". You do this by shaking there shoulders and saying "Hello, can you hear me?". If they do not answer, it means that they are unconscious. You must then Send for Help. If there is a bystander get them to call an ambulance, if there aren't any you must call an Ambulance as any unconscious casualty will need to go to hospital. You then check if they have an airway, are breathing. You do this by checking the A. B. of the casualty. They Stand for Airway, Breathing & Circulation. Slide 25: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Airway You must now open the casualties airway by first tilting the head back by placing two fingers under the casualties chin and your other hand on their forehead. You then check to see if there is any obvious blockages to the airway by looking around the casualties mouth. If you see anything you can remove it by sweeping it out with your finger. Slide 26: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training Breathing Next, you check the if the casualty is breathing by Look, Look, Listening and Feeling for a breath for 10 seconds. You do this by placing your cheek above the casualties mouth and you look to see if the chest is rising and falling, you listen to see if you can hear the casualties breath and you try to feel their breath on your cheek. If the casualty is not breathing, you then must Give Two Rescue Breaths to the casualty . You do this by forming a tight seal with your mouth around their mouth. You pinch the nose and breath into the casualty. When you do this make sure the chest rises, and that you don't breath to hard as this can force air into their stomach which can cause them to vomit. Make sure you remove your lips between rescue breaths so the casualty can allow the air to escape. Slide 27: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training If there is signs of breathing you must start to give 30 Chest Compressions. You kneel right beside the casualties chest and remove the casualties top. You then find the position to give the compressions by running your index finger along the bottom of the ribs till you come to the centre part. You then place two fingers above that point and place the heal of your other hand down directly above your fingers. This is the point at which you should apply pressure. You then place your other hand on top and lock your fingers and elbows. You then lean over the casualty and press vertically down to compress the chest 1½ to 2 inches. Slide 28: 7/7/2010 This is meant only as a guide & does not replace proper training After the 30 compressions you have completed your first cycle of 2 breaths and 30 compressions. After Five Cycles You Recheck for Signs of Circulation. If it is still absent you continue with another five cycles. However if it is present you check if the casualty is breathing. If they are not breathing you commence Artificial Respiration by giving a rescue breath every 5 seconds and checking the pulse after every 10th breath. If they are breathing you place them in the recovery position and treat any life threatening injuries.