Housekeeping :Housekeeping Monday—Film Wednesday: Exam #2 Friday: Draft due—in-class Peer Review Monday 21st: “Everyday Religion” Wed: Polished draft to me (electronically) April 15/16 (T/W): Islam in America Announcements?


Premodern Japan :Premodern Japan The Christian Century Arrival of Christianity Expulsion of Christianity The Tokugawa Era


Arrival of Christianity :Arrival of Christianity 1549-1639 (90 years) Francis Xavier (Jesuits) Sengoku (“Country at War”) Attractions of Christianity Drawbacks


Arrival of Christianity :Arrival of Christianity 1549-1639 (90 years) Francis Xavier (Jesuits) Worked to convert the elites Sengoku (“Country at War”) Attractions of Christianity Drawbacks


Arrival of Christianity :Arrival of Christianity 1549-1639 (90 years) Francis Xavier (Jesuits) Worked to convert the elites Sengoku (“Country at War”) Civil war, little unity Buddhism > politically suspect Attractions of Christianity Drawbacks


Arrival of Christianity :Arrival of Christianity Sengoku (“Country at War”) Civil war, little unity Buddhism > politically suspect Attractions of Christianity Political Outsiders (unconnected) Unified front (until Franciscans) Drawbacks


Arrival of Christianity :Arrival of Christianity Sengoku (“Country at War”) Civil war, little unity Buddhism > politically suspect Attractions of Christianity Political Outsiders (unconnected) Unified front (until Franciscans) Elite classes > strict loyalty, moral code Masses > salvation Drawbacks


Arrival of Christianity :Arrival of Christianity Sengoku (“Country at War”) Civil war, little unity Buddhism > politically suspect Attractions of Christianity Political Outsiders (unconnected) Unified front (until Franciscans) Elite classes > strict loyalty, moral code Masses > salvation Economic incentives (“black ships”) Drawbacks


Arrival of Christianity :Arrival of Christianity Attractions of Christianity Political Outsiders (unconnected) Unified front (until Franciscans) Economic incentives (“black ships”) Elite classes > strict loyalty, moral code Masses > salvation Drawbacks foreignness Staffing issues, ethnocentrism


Expulsion of Christianity :Expulsion of Christianity Primary Figures Shimabara Revolt (1637-38) 1640s differences


Expulsion of Christianity :Expulsion of Christianity Primary Figures Nobunaga (1534-82) anti-Buddhist Destroyed Mt. Hiei in 1571


Expulsion of Christianity :Expulsion of Christianity Primary Figures Nobunaga (1534-82) anti-Buddhist Destroyed Mt. Hiei in 1571 Hideyoshi (1536-98) Expulsion Order (never enforced)


Expulsion of Christianity :Expulsion of Christianity Primary Figures Nobunaga (1534-82) anti-Buddhist Destroyed Mt. Hiei in 1571 Hideyoshi (1536-98) Expulsion Order (never enforced) Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616) Expelled missionaries (bloodlessly—1614) Buddhist piety, Confucian politics Successors martyred Christians Hunted down foreign priests


Expulsion of Christianity :Expulsion of Christianity Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616) Expelled missionaries (bloodlessly—1614) Buddhist piety, Confucian politics Successors martyred Christians Hunted down foreign priests Shimabara Revolt (1637-38) Economic motives > politically threatening


Expulsion of Christianity :Expulsion of Christianity Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616) Expelled missionaries (bloodlessly—1614) Buddhist piety, Confucian politics Successors martyred Christians Hunted down foreign priests Shimabara Revolt (1637-38) Economic motives > politically threatening 1639 Exclusion order Aimed at Portuguese (1640 ship destruction)


Expulsion of Christianity :Expulsion of Christianity Shimabara Revolt (1637-38) Economic motives > politically threatening 1639 Exclusion order Aimed at Portuguese (1640 ship destruction) 1640s differences Japan more unified Christianity as politically disruptive


Expulsion of Christianity :Expulsion of Christianity 1640s differences Japan more unified Christianity as politically disruptive “Sakoku” (“Closed Country”) Buddhist temple membership, “5-family Associations” (social control)


Expulsion of Christianity :Expulsion of Christianity 1640s differences Japan more unified Christianity as politically disruptive “Sakoku” (“Closed Country”) Buddhist temple membership, “5-family Associations” (social control) Kyushu region—Secret Christians


Tokugawa Era :Tokugawa Era 1600-1867 Centralized Authority > modern nation Primary Structures “Restoration Shinto” (17th-19th c.)


Tokugawa Era :Tokugawa Era 1600-1867 Centralized Authority > modern nation Primary Structures 4 classes: noble, farmer, artisan, merchant “Restoration Shinto” (17th-19th c.)


Tokugawa Era :Tokugawa Era 1600-1867 Centralized Authority > modern nation Primary Structures 4 classes: noble, farmer, artisan, merchant Buddhist temples > social control “Restoration Shinto” (17th-19th c.)


Tokugawa Era :Tokugawa Era 1600-1867 Centralized Authority > modern nation Primary Structures 4 classes: noble, farmer, artisan, merchant Buddhist temples > social control Confucian ideology > state loyalty Sanctioned political order “Restoration Shinto” (17th-19th c.)


Tokugawa Era :Tokugawa Era Primary Structures 4 classes: noble, farmer, artisan, merchant Buddhist temples > social control Confucian ideology > state loyalty Sanctioned political order “Restoration Shinto” (17th-19th c.) Shinto as the Native Japanese tradition, better than Buddhism/Conf (“realistic”)


Tokugawa Era :Tokugawa Era Primary Structures 4 classes: noble, farmer, artisan, merchant Buddhist temples > social control Confucian ideology > state loyalty Sanctioned political order “Restoration Shinto” (17th-19th c.) Shinto as the Native Japanese tradition, better than Buddhism/Conf (“realistic”) Religious (reinstate Shinto)


Tokugawa Era :Tokugawa Era Primary Structures 4 classes: noble, farmer, artisan, merchant Buddhist temples > social control Confucian ideology > state loyalty Sanctioned political order “Restoration Shinto” (17th-19th c.) Shinto as the Native Japanese tradition, better than Buddhism/Conf (“realistic”) Religious (reinstate Shinto) Cultural (Japanese arts/aesthetics)


Tokugawa Era :Tokugawa Era “Restoration Shinto” (17th-19th c.) Shinto as the Native Japanese tradition, better than Buddhism/Conf (“realistic”) Religious (reinstate Shinto) Cultural (Japanese arts/aesthetics) Political (reinstate the emperor)