tcp Lesson1

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Lesson Topics Machine components & motion directions (p. 15) Universal slant bed (p. 15) Chucker slant bed (p. 19) Twin spindle horizontal (p. 20) Sub-spindle type (p. 21) Single spindle vertical (p. 22) Twin spindle vertical (p. 23) Mill/turn machines Gang type (p. 23) Sliding headstock (p. 24) Programmable functions (p. 24) Spindle (p. 24) Feedrate (p. 26) Turret indexing (p. 27)

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There are many forms of CNC turning centers… Universal slant bed Chucker slant bed Twin spindle horizontal Single spindle vertical Twin spindle vertical Mill/turn machines Gang type Sliding headstock In all cases… X will be the diameter controlling axis Z will be the length controlling axis Machine components and motion directions

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Universal style slant bed turning center Front view of machine Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center A universal slant bed turning center can perform all types of turning applications: Chucker work Shaft work Bar work That’s why it’s called a “universal” style Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Z is the length controlling axis Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center Home Lesson topics

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Universal style slant bed turning center X is the diameter controlling axis Home Lesson topics

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X Axis - + X3.0 Universal style slant bed turning center X is DIAMETER If you want to turn a 3.0 inch diameter… X3.0 will be the commanding word Home Lesson topics

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X Axis - + X3.0 Universal style slant bed turning center X is DIAMETER Once again: X is always the diameter-controlling axis Z is always the length controlling axis Also: X+: always gets bigger in diameter Z+: always away from the spindle Home Lesson topics

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Chucker style slant bed turning center NO Tailstock! Same basic components, but… Home Lesson topics

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Chucker style slant bed turning center A chucker-style turning center cannot perform shaft work! Z travel is usually quite short X is still the diameter controlling axis… …Z is still the length controlling axis Home Lesson topics

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Twin spindle horizontal bed style Separator View of machine from above Home Lesson topics

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Twin spindle horizontal bed style Separator This machine is like having two independent chucker-style machines in one! Home Lesson topics

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Once again: X is always the diameter-controlling axis Z is always the length controlling axis And also: X+: always gets bigger in diameter (regardless of which spindle) Z+: always away from the spindle Home Lesson topics

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When it comes to axis movements, a program can be run in either spindle! Home Lesson topics

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Sub-spindle turning center Home Lesson topics

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Sub-spindle turning center Again, X controls diameter, Z controls length Home Lesson topics

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Sub-spindle turning center This kind of machine can machine both ends of the same workpiece in one cycle Half-way through the cycle, the workpiece is transferred from the main spindle to the sub-spindle… Home Lesson topics

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Sub-spindle turning center 1) Machine first half Home Lesson topics

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Sub-spindle turning center 2) Sub-spindle extends Home Lesson topics

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Sub-spindle turning center 3) Sub-spindle retracts Home Lesson topics

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Sub-spindle turning center 4) Machine second half in sub-spindle Home Lesson topics

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Single Spindle Vertical Style Front view of machine Home Lesson topics

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Single Spindle Vertical Style This kind of turning center is popular with very large, heavy workpieces… The workpiece weight helps hold the it in place in the work-holding device! Home Lesson topics

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Single Spindle Vertical Style Again, X controls diameter, Z controls length Home Lesson topics

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Twin spindle vertical style Separator Home Lesson topics

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Twin spindle vertical style Separator This machine is like having two single-spindle vertical turning centers in one! Home Lesson topics

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Same rules for axis directions and polarity Home Lesson topics

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Mill/Turn Machines Any of the machine types shown so far could be a mill/turn machine! Home Lesson topics

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Mill/Turn Machines These machines can rotate cutting tools (called live tooling) Could be a drill, tap, reamer, end mill, etc. Home Lesson topics

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Mill/Turn Machines These machines can rotate cutting tools (called live tooling) And tool could be placed along X or Z Home Lesson topics

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Mill/Turn Machines These machines can rotate cutting tools (called live tooling) Additionally, the main spindle has two “modes”: Normal turning mode Live tooling mode The live tooling mode engages a rotary device. It could be: Indexer Full rotary axis Home Lesson topics

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Mill/Turn Machines This kind of machine can perform operations commonly thought of as machining center operations… …completing many workpieces that would normally require secondary operations Home Lesson topics

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Gang type Home Lesson topics

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Gang type The entire tooling table moves! Tool change time is almost nothing! Due to X axis, these machines tend to be a little complicated to program and operate Home Lesson topics

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Gang type Gang type machines tend to be quite small and are used for higher production quantities and commonly have bar feeders Home Lesson topics

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Sliding headstock type Tool only moves in X axis Workpiece moves in Z axis! These machines always have bar feeders and are used for small workpieces These machines are also called Swiss type Home Lesson topics

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All turning centers have certain programmable features… Spindle activation Turret index Feedrate Coolant Some turning centers have additional programmable features… Jaw open/close Tailstock positioning Door open/close Others? Programmable features

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Spindle is programmable in four ways: Speed type Speed Direction Range

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Spindle is programmable in four ways: Speed type Speed Direction Range Speed can be specified in revolutions per minute (rpm mode) or Speed can be specified in surface feet per minute or meters per minute (depending upon measurement system) This is called constant surface speed mode G96 G97 G codes are called preparatory functions

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Spindle is programmable in four ways: Speed type Speed Direction Range Speed can be specified in revolutions per minute (rpm mode) or Speed can be specified in surface feet per minute or meters per minute (depending upon measurement system) This is called constant surface speed mode G96 G97 G codes are called preparatory functions

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Spindle is programmable in four ways: Speed type Speed Direction Range

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Spindle is programmable in four ways: Speed type Speed Direction Range S word Specifies speed in rpm or sfm G96 S600 (600 sfm) G97 S600 (600 rpm)

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Spindle is programmable in four ways: Speed type Speed Direction Range

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Spindle is programmable in four ways: Speed type Speed Direction Range Three M codes are related to spindle activation M03: On in fwd direction M04: On in rev direction M05: Off Use fwd (M03) for right hand toolsUse rev (M04 for left hand tools

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Spindle is programmable in four ways: Speed type Speed Direction Range Three M codes are related to spindle activation M03: On in fwd direction M04: On in rev direction M05: Off Use fwd (M03) for right hand toolsUse rev (M04 for left hand tools G96 S400 M03 (turn spindle on fwd at 400 sfm) G97 S400 M04 (turn spindle on rev at 400 rpm) M05 (turn spindle off)

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Spindle is programmable in four ways: Speed type Speed Direction Range

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Spindle is programmable in four ways: Speed type Speed Direction Range

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Most turning centers have more than one spindle range Just like the transmission in a car… … lower ranges offer power, higher ranges offer speed A programmer must understand the machine’s power characteristics!

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: An example (machines vary!)

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: An example (machines vary!) A general rule of thumb: Rough in the low range Finish in the high range

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Home Lesson topics Spindle activation: Spindle is programmable in four ways: Speed type Speed Direction Range M codes select spindle range M41: Low range M42: High range Again, M codes vary – You must check in your machine manual to find the related M codes

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Home Lesson topics Feedrate: You can specify the feedrate for cutting motions in one of two ways… In “per minute” fashion or In “per revolution” fashion Inches or millimeters per minute Inches or millimeters per revolution An F word specifies the feedrate G99 F0.005 (0.005 inches per revolution) G98 F15.0 (15.0 inches per minute) In inch mode:

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Home Lesson topics Feedrate: You can specify the feedrate for cutting motions in one of two ways… In “per minute” fashion or In “per revolution” fashion Inches or millimeters per minute Inches or millimeters per revolution An F word specifies the feedrate G99 F0.005 (0.005 inches per revolution) G98 F15.0 (15.0 inches per minute) In inch mode: Use “per revolution” (G99) for almost all cutting operations Use “per minute” (G98) whenever you want to make a feedrate movement with the spindle stopped

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Home Lesson topics Turret index: T0101 Four digit T word… We’ll discuss geometry offsets later in lesson eight We’ll discuss wear offsets in lesson nine

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Turret index: With most turning centers, the turret will simply take the shortest direction to the commanded station (bi-directional turrets) T0101 Four digit T word… Home Lesson topics

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Turret index: T0101 Four digit T word… With some machines, the turret rotation direction can be specified with two M codes Example: M32 – clockwise M33 – counter clockwise Most vary from builder to builder Home Lesson topics

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End of lesson