Brandon Baker-ResearchPresentation

Research Presentation Self Efficacy and Self Motivation factors role with Success in Physical Education : 

Research Presentation Self Efficacy and Self Motivation factors role with Success in Physical Education PE 584- Assessment/Evaluation in Physical Education & Exercise Science Brandon Baker Azusa Pacific Spring II, 2010

Ask yourself these important questions before proceeding:* Does Self-Efficacy and Self- Motivation play a role in the success of physical education students?????* Do they play a role in the success of athletes??? : 

Ask yourself these important questions before proceeding:* Does Self-Efficacy and Self- Motivation play a role in the success of physical education students?????* Do they play a role in the success of athletes???

How would you feel??? : 

How would you feel???

Now how would you feel??? : 

Now how would you feel???

As Physical educators and Coacheshow do we make our students and athletes feel??Self-confident? Self-Worthy? Self-Motivated? Successful?OrDo they feel like no matter what they do its never good enough, they will never succeed, and that they are no worthy?How do we know??? : 

As Physical educators and Coacheshow do we make our students and athletes feel??Self-confident? Self-Worthy? Self-Motivated? Successful?OrDo they feel like no matter what they do its never good enough, they will never succeed, and that they are no worthy?How do we know???

There is no question that all of you would not want to be the person on the first page….You all want to feel good about what your doing.There is no doubt that humans like to win, like to feel worthy, like positive feedback, and like to get praised by others. On the other hand, humans do not like negative feedback, do not like to lose or feel unworthy, and do not do well in areas that we do not feel capable of completing a skill or objective. : 

There is no question that all of you would not want to be the person on the first page….You all want to feel good about what your doing.There is no doubt that humans like to win, like to feel worthy, like positive feedback, and like to get praised by others. On the other hand, humans do not like negative feedback, do not like to lose or feel unworthy, and do not do well in areas that we do not feel capable of completing a skill or objective.

What Is Self-Efficacy? : 

What Is Self-Efficacy? Self-efficacy is essentially a situational-specific form of self-confidence. Self-efficacy is at the center of Bandura's (1997) social cognitive theory, which views human functioning as a result of the interactions between personal factors, behavior, and environmental influences. As defined by Bandura, self-efficacy refers to "beliefs in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments" In other words, Self-Efficacy is the perception of one's ability to successfully perform a particular behavior.

Overview : 

Overview My research takes a look at the Self Efficacy and Self Motivation factors role with Success in Physical Education. A study was completed using several high school physical education students in which they were given the Sport Competition Anxiety Test, the Multidimensional Trait Anxiety Test, and the General Self Efficacy test. The study was completed to test the self efficacy and self motivation of high school physical education students.

Definitions : 

Definitions Self-Efficacy is defined as the belief that one can successfully perform a behavior or skill. Self-Motivation is defined as the ability to satisfy a desire, expectation, or goal without being influenced to do so by another person. Self motivation is the key to a paradigm shift or behavior changes amongst individuals.

Literature Review : 

Literature Review Bandura’s self-efficacy theory asserts that all psychological treatments facilitate behavior change by creating and strengthening expectations of self-efficacy. His theory states that self-efficacy expectations are influenced by past experience and by one’s attribution of success to chance of skill (Bandura, 1977). Adolescents are physically inactive and non-Caucasian adolescents achieve the least amount of physical activity. Hence, supporting teachers' efforts to increase their students' physical activity during physical education is important. We examined the influence of a social cognitive theory-based intervention on teachers' efficacy to teach physically active physical education lessons. (Martin, 2009)

Literature Review : 

Literature Review An individual's behavior can be affected both directly and indirectly by his or her level of self-efficacy beliefs. Self efficacy can affect many factors, including the tasks people choose to pursue, the goals they set for themselves, the amount of effort they demonstrate, their outcome expectations, how long they persevere when faced with challenges, and how they feel. Therefore, individuals who have high self-efficacy are more likely to attempt difficult tasks, put forth more effort and persevere longer at those tasks, and successfully perform the activity than are individuals with low self-efficacy.

Literature Review : 

Literature Review Self-efficacy, self-esteem, and confidence are often considered to be interchangeable terms. They do, however, have important differences. Self-efficacy is an individual's judgment of his or her capabilities to perform a certain action. Self-esteem is a person's judgment of self-worth. In contrast to self-efficacy, self-esteem is measured at a more general level, as it is not context sensitive or task specific. Self-esteem is based on both internal and external factors, including social comparisons and self comparisons. An individual's sense of confidence also is not task specific. An individual's perceived level of confidence is a judgment of his or her capabilities without a clear activity or task in mind

Methodology : 

Methodology This research study was conducted at Chaparral High School in a five different periods of general physical education classes, with a number of students (N=200), with an average of (40) students per class. Each class was first given the three questionnaires at the beginning of the semester before the teacher had worked with any students, and then was given to the students at the end of the 9 week grading period. The data was then gathered for both testing periods and evaluated to determine if the levels of self-efficacy and self-motivation had raised or lowered during the time period.

Example of Testing : 

Example of Testing General Self-Efficacy Scale School: Chaparral High School Please enter the first two letters of your last name, and first two of your first name. __ __ __ __ Are you Male _____ Female _____ What grade are you in __________ For each of the following statements, please circle the choice that is closest to how true you think it is for you. The questions ask about what you think. There are no right or wrong answers. 1. I can always solve problems if I try hard enough. No _____ Maybe _____ Yes _____ 2. If someone tries to stop me, I can find a way to get what I want. No _____ Maybe _____ Yes _____ 3. It is easy for me to stick to my plans and accomplish my goals. No _____ Maybe _____ Yes _____ 4. I am sure I know what to do if some unexpected happens to me. No _____ Maybe _____ Yes _____ 5. Thanks to my resourcefulness and ability to figure things out, I know how to handle unexpected or unforeseen situations. 1 = Not at all true 2 = Hardly true 3 = Moderately true 4 = Exactly true 6. I can solve most problems if I invest the necessary effort. 1 = Not at all true 2 = Hardly true 3 = Moderately true 4 = Exactly true 7. I can get what I want from people if I make them feel sorry for me. 1 = Not at all true 2 = Hardly true 3 = Moderately true 4 = Exactly true

Results : 

Results **The 200 subjects obtained a mean score of 62.40 on the General Self-Efficacy subscale; SD=8.58. The mean for the subscale was 21.20; SD=3.63. The correlations between Self-Efficacy and success in physical education have shown to be positive in all studies. The hypothesis/purpose of this study has been proven. These results add to the data supporting construct validity for the Self-Efficacy scale and it appears that the General Self-Efficacy scale is a useful research tool for physical educators to use in their classrooms to determine their students Self-Efficacy and Self-Motivation levels.

Results : 

Results Multidimensional Trait Anxiety SCAT Score Averages (Sport Anxiety Scale) State Anxiety Test

Results : 

Results Multidimensional Trait Anxiety SCAT Score Averages (Sport Anxiety Scale) State Anxiety Test **The results show that all of the scores were lower on the second semester and demonstrated that the interventions used by the physical education teacher for the 9 weeks produced lower scores, thus, a lower levels of anxiety and high self-efficacy level.

Discussion : 

Discussion According to Bandura (1997): "People's level of motivations, affective states and actions are based more on what they believe than on what is objectively true". "If I have the belief that I can do it,I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have it at the beginning.“ ~ Mahatma Gandhi ~

Slide 20: 

"A man who doubts himself is like a man who would enlist in the ranks of his enemies and bear arms against himself. He makes his failure certain by himself beingthe first person to be convinced of it." ~ Alexandre Dumas, fils ~ "Self-confidence is the first requisite to great undertakings."     ~ Samuel Johnson ~ "Life is not easy for any of us. But what of that?We must have perseverance and above all confidence in ourselves.We must believe that we are gifted for something and that this thing must be attained." ~ Marie Curie ~

Conclusion : 

Conclusion Why do athletes like Michael Jordan in basketball, Tiger Woods in Golf, and Serena Williams in tennis win so much? Yes they all represent Nike…Coincidence?? And they clearly have the talent, but they also have a level of self-confidence that cannot be matched by their peers. They believe in themselves and they know they are going to Succeed. They self-motivate.

Conclusion : 

Conclusion The idea of self-confidence leading to success is also true for physical educators like yourselves. Physical educators who truly believe they can include self-efficacy and self-motivation in their general physical education programs will find a way to be successful!!!!