Evolution Of Computing Machines

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EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING MACHINES : 

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING MACHINES A no. of machines have been developed over the years to accomplish tasks in an easier manner. Let us review some of the efforts made in facilitating counting, calculating, and computing machines over the years.

counting : 

counting We have always felt the necessity of keeping a count of things and events. There were many things in the past used for counting. Some of the examples are abacus, soroban, etc.

abacus : 

abacus The abacus was developed in China in around 500 BC. This gadget facilitated counting by moving beads fitted in the board.

soroban : 

soroban The soroban was used by shopkeepers and money-lenders in the Far-East, but specifically in Japan. It helps the users to add and subtract at an amazing speed.

calculating : 

calculating Calculating would be the next step to counting. In the next slide, we will see a machine called ‘Napier’s Bones’ used for multiplication and division.

Napier’s bones : 

Napier’s bones John Napier developed logarithms. He carved no.’s on 10 rods popularly known as Napier’s Bones and used them for multiplication and division of large no.’s. The Napier's Bones was developed in early 17th century and used till late 19th century.

computing : 

computing The next need which arose was to perform a no. of calculations and successively use the results of the preceding calculations to solve problems. This need was instrumental in turning human attention to develop computing devices.

computers : 

computers One of the ideas, which went a long way in making computers that they are today, is the ‘Stored Program Concept’ which Charles Babbage gave while designing an automatic machine for calculations. That is why, he is considered as the ‘Father Of Modern Computers’.

Mark 1 computer : 

Mark 1 computer Howard Aiken of Harvard University, in collaboration with IBM Corporation designed a fully automatic machine in 1937-1944. This machine used electrically actuated switches called ‘Relays’.

eniac : 

eniac The development of vacuum tubes made it possible to build better computers. In 1943, during the second world war, the ENIAC was constructed at the Pennsylvania University to satisfy military needs. This marked the beginning of development of modern computers.

Slide 11: 

Credits: - Indrajit kar Class: viii sec: c Roll no.: 10 House: nalanda