HFPP_dinkatone_sandhi

Tone sandhi rules in Dinka : 

Tone sandhi rules in Dinka

Sandhi processes : 

Sandhi processes tiiim ‘tree-PL’ tone: /HL/ Acol a-ti tiiim ‘Acol sees trees.’ Acol AGR:see tree:PL /HL/

Sandhi rules : 

Sandhi rules tiiim ‘tree-PL’ tone: /HL/ Acol a-ti tiiim ‘Acol sees trees.’ Acol AGR:see tree:PL Acol a-ci tiiim maaan ‘Acol hated trees.’ Acol AGR-AUX tree:PL hate:PAST /HL/ > /L/ /HL/

Sandhi rules : 

Sandhi rules tiiim ‘tree-PL’ tone: /HL/ Acol a-ti tiiim ‘Acol sees trees.’ Acol AGR:see tree:PL Acol a-ci tiiim maaan ‘Acol hated trees.’ Acol AGR-AUX tree:PL hate:PAST Acol a-ti tiiim tit ‘Acol sees red trees.’ Acol AGR-see tree:PL red:PL /HL/ > /L/ /HL/ /HL/ > /H/

Sandhi rules : 

Sandhi rules Sandhi rule 1: Dissimilatory Lowering Acol a-ci tiiim maaan /H HL H/ > [H L H] Acol AGR-AUX tree:PL hate:PAST Acol hated trees. Acol a-ci lee maaan /H H H/ > [H L L] Acol AGR-AUX drum:PL hate:PAST Acol hated drums.

Sandhi rules : 

Sandhi rules Sandhi rule 1: Dissimilatory Lowering This process affects both H and HL. a-ci lee a-ci tiiim H H H H L L L Inference: the contour tones are structurally complex, composed of H and L.

Sandhi rules : 

Sandhi rules Sandhi rule 1: Dissimilatory Lowering Autosegmental representation: σ σ H H L

Sandhi rules : 

Sandhi rules Sandhi rule 1: Dissimilatory Lowering The process applies recursively. How to deal with this in the phonological representation? Acol a-ci tiiim maaan /H HL H/ > [H L H] Acol AGR-AUX tree:PL hate:PAST Acol hated trees. Acol a-ci lee maaan /H H H/ > [H L L] Acol AGR-AUX drum:SG hate:PAST Acol hated drum.

Slide 9: 

HL L __ L H __ H HL Figure: F0 track of HL on /maal/ ‘meat on a hide’ in two tonal contexts. The target word is segmented. L

Slide 10: 

L __ L H __ H HL H Figure: F0 tracks of HL on /maal/ ‘meat on a hide’ and H on /lee/ ‘drum’ in two tonal contexts. L L L H HL

Sandhi rules : 

Sandhi rules Sandhi rule 2: Low Absorption Acool a-ti tiiim tit /L HL L/ > /L H L/ Acol AGR-see tree:PL red:PL Acol sees red trees.

Sandhi rules : 

Sandhi rules Sandhi rule 2: Low Absorption Autosegmental representation: σ σ H L L ø Acol a-ti tiiim tit /L HL L/ > /L H L/ Acol AGR-see tree:PL red:PL Acol sees red trees.

Slide 13: 

Figure: F0 tracks of HL between two L’s – second L on adjective or adverb. The vowel onset is marked by a vertical line; the end of the coda is marked by a dot. Following L on: adverb adjective Spk. GDM Spk. MAJ Spk. CAM

Sandhi rules : 

Sandhi rules Sandhi rule 1: Dissimilatory Lowering Autosegmental rule: σ σ H H L Sandhi rule 2: Low Absorption Autosegmental rule: σ σ H L L ø

Conclusions : 

Conclusions Underlying HL neutralises with L after H, and with H between L’s. Underlying H neutralises with L after H Underlying LH becomes M before ## (allophonic) Underlying L gets consistently realised L. There is no single context in which all the underlying tonemes surface as such.