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Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript GSM Network Architecture : GSM Network Architecture MASOOD HABIB CUSIT Peshawar Motivation : Motivation Outline : Outline Introduction and history. GSM architecture. Implementation. Technology and standards. Summary Introduction : Introduction Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Anybody – 500 million users (may 2001) Anywhere – 168 countries (may 2001) Any media – voice, messaging, data, multimedia Source: Hillebrand, 1 What is mobile Communication? : What is mobile Communication? GSM ???????? : GSM ???????? Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982…… Why GSM in 1982? : Why GSM in 1982? Good subjective speech quality Low terminal and service cost Support for international roaming Ability to support handheld terminals Support for range of new services and facilities ISDN compatibility Summary of GSM milestones : Summary of GSM milestones Phased GSM Approach 1 : Phased GSM Approach 1 GSM Phase 1 features Call Forwarding All Calls No Answer Engaged Unreachable Global roaming - Visit any other country with GSM and a roaming agreement and use your phone and existing number Phased GSM Approach 2 : Phased GSM Approach 2 GSM Phase 2 features SMS - Short Message Service - Allows you to send text messages too and from phones Multi Party Calling - Talk to five other parties as well as yourself at the same time Call Holding - Place a call on Hold Call Waiting - Notifies you of another call whilst on a call Mobile Data Services - Allows handsets to communicate with computers Mobile Fax Service - Allows handsets to send, retrieve and receive faxes Calling Line Identity Service - This facility allows you to see the telephone number of the incoming caller on our handset before answering Advice of Charge - Allows you to keep track of call costs Mobile Terminating Fax - Another number you are issued with that receives faxes that you can then download to the nearest fax machine. Phased GSM Approach 3 : Phased GSM Approach 3 GSM Phase 2 + features Available by 1998 Upgrade and improvements to existing services GSM in the local loop Virtual Private Networks Packet Radio SIM enhancements Premium rate services (e.g. Stock prices sent to your phone) GSM Radio Interface : GSM Radio Interface Spectrum 900 MHz (and 1800 MHz) 890-915 MHz Uplink - 935-960 MHz Downlink FDMA 124 carriers under 900 MHz TDMA 8 Time Slots per carrier 1 (physical) channel per Time Slot 1 channel = 1 communication = 15/26 ms Cellular System : Cellular System The geographic area is divided into cells Each cell has a Base Station managing the communications A set of cells managed by a single MSC is called Location Area Base Station VLR MSC VLR MSC HLR MSC Mobile Switching Center VLR Visitor Location Register HLR Home Location Register land link land link Radio link Base Station : Base Station In radio communications, a base station is a wireless communications station installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of either: a push-to-talk two-way radio system, or; a wireless telephone system such as cellular CDMA or GSM. Slide 15: A Typical GSM Base Station (Wikipedia.org,2008) Base Station Sub System : Base Station Sub System The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) is the section of a traditional cellular telephone network which is responsible for handling traffic and signaling between a mobile phone and the Network Switching Subsystem. The BSS carries out transcoding of speech channels, allocation of radio channels to mobile phones, paging, quality management of transmission and reception over the Air interface and many other tasks related to the radio network. Base Transceiver Station : Base Transceiver Station Base Transceiver Station (BTS) is the equipment which facilitates the wireless communication between user equipments (UE) and the network. The Base Transceiver Station, or BTS, contains the equipment for transmitting and receiving of radio signals (transceivers), antennas, and equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications with the Base Station Controller (BSC). A BTS is controlled by a parent BSC via the Base Station Control Function (BCF). Antenna : Antenna (Wikipedia.org,2008) Base Station Controller : Base Station Controller The Base Station Controller (BSC) provides, classically, the intelligence behind the BTSs. Typically a BSC has 10s or even 100s of BTSs under its control. The BSC handles allocation of radio channels, receives measurements from the mobile phones, controls handovers from BTS to BTS. MSC : MSC The Mobile Switching Center or MSC is the primary service delivery node for GSM, responsible for handling voice calls and SMS as well as other services (such as conference calls, FAX). The MSC sets up and releases the end-to-end connection, handles mobility and hand-over requirements during the call and takes care of charging and real time pre-paid account monitoring. Packet Control Unit : Packet Control Unit The Packet Control Unit (PCU) is a late addition to the GSM standard. It performs some of the processing tasks of the BSC, but for packet data. The allocation of channels between voice and data is controlled by the base station, but once a channel is allocated to the PCU, the PCU takes full control over that channel. VLR & HLR : VLR & HLR Visitor Location Register (VLR) is a database - part of the GSM mobile phone system - which stores information about all the mobiles that are currently under the jurisdiction of the MSC (Mobile Switching Center) which it serves. The 'Home Location Register' or HLR is a central database that contains details of each mobile phone subscriber that is authorized to use the GSM core network. Public switched telephone network : Public switched telephone network The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the network of the world's public circuit-switched telephone networks, in much the same way that the Internet is the network of the world's public IP-based packet-switched networks. Originally a network of fixed-line analog telephone systems, the PSTN is now almost entirely digital, and now includes mobile as well as fixed telephones. GSM Architecture : GSM Architecture Databases Switches Radio Systems BTS BSC MS MSC MSC GMSC SSP PSTN BSS BSS HLR VLR VLR EIR SSP AuC NSS PLMN NSS Network and Switching Subsystem EIR Equipment Identity Register AuC Authentication Center GMSC Gateway MSC BSS Base Station System BSC Base Station Controller BTS Base Transceiver Station MS Mobile Station SSP Service Switching Point Slide 25: Operation and Support System OSS is to provide a network overview and support the maintenance activities Speech Coding : Speech Coding Incoming GSM Call : Incoming GSM Call 2 Where is the cellular phone? : Where is the cellular phone? Handset Switched ON > "here I am" Location update The radio station relays the information to the nearest exchange: The VLR The VLR updates the HLR This way, the home exchange always knows where the phone is The telephone number of the cellularphone indicates the home exchange. Roaming (# Handover) : Roaming (# Handover) Roaming is the ability to use your own GSM phone number in another GSM network. A roaming agreement is a business agreement between two network operators to transfer items such as call charges and subscription information back and forth, as their subscribers roam into each others areas. Location Based Services : Location Based Services GSM Architecture : GSM Architecture OMC Home Location Register AuC Equipment ID Network Management Center BTS BTS BTS ME ME ME Subscriber Identity Module Subscriber Identity Module Subscriber Identity Module Base station controller PSTN Mobile switching center Data communication network BTS = Base Transceiver Station AuC = Authentication Center OMC = Operation and Maintenance Center PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network ME = Mobile Equipment Source: Stallings, 313 Source: Mehrotra, 27 Visitor Location Register GSM Architecture : GSM Architecture 45 MHz BS Transmission Band : 935 – 960 MHZ MS Transmission Band : 890 – 915 MHZ SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) : SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) Billions of Calls Millions of Subscribers Thousand of Different Types of Telephones Hundreds of Countries Dozens of Manufacturers…. And only one Card: The SIM Source: Hillebrand, 369 http://ucables.com/products/simcards/ Administrative data Security data Subscriber data Roaming data PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network Implementation : Implementation SIM = Subscriber Identity Module Central processor, clock and tone, internal bus system, keyboard (HMI) Voice encoding Ciphering Modulation Voice decoding >Channel Decoding >De-Interleaving >Re-formatting Deciphering Amplifier >Channel encoding >Interleaving >Burst generation Receiver Transmitter Demodulation Source: Heine, 14 GSM Variants : GSM Variants Source: Bekkers, 299 GSM : GSM Logical control channels : Logical control channels Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)downlink only, used to broadcast Cell specific information; Synchronization Channel (SCH)downlink only, used to broadcast synchronization and BSS identification information; Paging Channel (PCH)downlink only, used to send page requests to Mobile Stations; Random Access Channel (RACH)uplink only, used to request a Dedicated Control Channel; Access Grant Channel (AGCH)downlink only, used to allocate a Dedicated Control CHANNEL; Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)bi‑directional; Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH)bi‑directional, associated with a Traffic Channel; Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)bi‑directional, associated with a SDCCH or a Traffic Channel; Cell Broadcast Channel (CBCH)downlink only used for general (not point to point) short message information. Summary : Summary Network architecture Implementation Voice application Data application SIM Card : SIM Card SIM? : SIM? SIM Card : SIM Card The SIM - Subscriber Identity Module - is a smart chip card, about the size of a postage stamp. SIM? : SIM? A SIM card is actually a tiny computer in your phone.Current SIMs typically have 16 to 64 kb of memory, which provides plenty of room for storing hundreds of personal phone numbers, text messages, value-added services and important for us: position data (coordinates) of tracked animals SIM Content : SIM Content User ID IMSI, Ki, PINs, PUKs, etc Phone Book SMS A3/A8 Algorithm Challenge response application Other info Directory structure SIM and Handy : SIM and Handy Stack : Stack Hardware e.g. Symbian APIs Application Symbian and other Oss Direct access to HW References : References Bekkers, Rudi. Mobile Communications Standards: GSM, UMTS, TETRA, and ERMES. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 2001. Halonen, Romero, and Melero. GSM, GPRS, and EDGE Performance: Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2003. Hillebrand, Friedhelm. GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communications. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2002. Heine, Gunnar. GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology, and Implementation. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 1999. Mehrotra, Asha. GSM System Engineering. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 1997. Harte, Levine, and Livingston. GSM Superphones. United States: APDG Publishing, Inc. A Division of McGraw-Hill, 1999. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
GSM Architecture Lec 2 aSGuest40994 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2445 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (4) Dislike it (0) Added: March 20, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: tamnu (20 month(s) ago) good Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: abburi20 (20 month(s) ago) good Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript GSM Network Architecture : GSM Network Architecture MASOOD HABIB CUSIT Peshawar Motivation : Motivation Outline : Outline Introduction and history. GSM architecture. Implementation. Technology and standards. Summary Introduction : Introduction Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Anybody – 500 million users (may 2001) Anywhere – 168 countries (may 2001) Any media – voice, messaging, data, multimedia Source: Hillebrand, 1 What is mobile Communication? : What is mobile Communication? GSM ???????? : GSM ???????? Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982…… Why GSM in 1982? : Why GSM in 1982? Good subjective speech quality Low terminal and service cost Support for international roaming Ability to support handheld terminals Support for range of new services and facilities ISDN compatibility Summary of GSM milestones : Summary of GSM milestones Phased GSM Approach 1 : Phased GSM Approach 1 GSM Phase 1 features Call Forwarding All Calls No Answer Engaged Unreachable Global roaming - Visit any other country with GSM and a roaming agreement and use your phone and existing number Phased GSM Approach 2 : Phased GSM Approach 2 GSM Phase 2 features SMS - Short Message Service - Allows you to send text messages too and from phones Multi Party Calling - Talk to five other parties as well as yourself at the same time Call Holding - Place a call on Hold Call Waiting - Notifies you of another call whilst on a call Mobile Data Services - Allows handsets to communicate with computers Mobile Fax Service - Allows handsets to send, retrieve and receive faxes Calling Line Identity Service - This facility allows you to see the telephone number of the incoming caller on our handset before answering Advice of Charge - Allows you to keep track of call costs Mobile Terminating Fax - Another number you are issued with that receives faxes that you can then download to the nearest fax machine. Phased GSM Approach 3 : Phased GSM Approach 3 GSM Phase 2 + features Available by 1998 Upgrade and improvements to existing services GSM in the local loop Virtual Private Networks Packet Radio SIM enhancements Premium rate services (e.g. Stock prices sent to your phone) GSM Radio Interface : GSM Radio Interface Spectrum 900 MHz (and 1800 MHz) 890-915 MHz Uplink - 935-960 MHz Downlink FDMA 124 carriers under 900 MHz TDMA 8 Time Slots per carrier 1 (physical) channel per Time Slot 1 channel = 1 communication = 15/26 ms Cellular System : Cellular System The geographic area is divided into cells Each cell has a Base Station managing the communications A set of cells managed by a single MSC is called Location Area Base Station VLR MSC VLR MSC HLR MSC Mobile Switching Center VLR Visitor Location Register HLR Home Location Register land link land link Radio link Base Station : Base Station In radio communications, a base station is a wireless communications station installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of either: a push-to-talk two-way radio system, or; a wireless telephone system such as cellular CDMA or GSM. Slide 15: A Typical GSM Base Station (Wikipedia.org,2008) Base Station Sub System : Base Station Sub System The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) is the section of a traditional cellular telephone network which is responsible for handling traffic and signaling between a mobile phone and the Network Switching Subsystem. The BSS carries out transcoding of speech channels, allocation of radio channels to mobile phones, paging, quality management of transmission and reception over the Air interface and many other tasks related to the radio network. Base Transceiver Station : Base Transceiver Station Base Transceiver Station (BTS) is the equipment which facilitates the wireless communication between user equipments (UE) and the network. The Base Transceiver Station, or BTS, contains the equipment for transmitting and receiving of radio signals (transceivers), antennas, and equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications with the Base Station Controller (BSC). A BTS is controlled by a parent BSC via the Base Station Control Function (BCF). Antenna : Antenna (Wikipedia.org,2008) Base Station Controller : Base Station Controller The Base Station Controller (BSC) provides, classically, the intelligence behind the BTSs. Typically a BSC has 10s or even 100s of BTSs under its control. The BSC handles allocation of radio channels, receives measurements from the mobile phones, controls handovers from BTS to BTS. MSC : MSC The Mobile Switching Center or MSC is the primary service delivery node for GSM, responsible for handling voice calls and SMS as well as other services (such as conference calls, FAX). The MSC sets up and releases the end-to-end connection, handles mobility and hand-over requirements during the call and takes care of charging and real time pre-paid account monitoring. Packet Control Unit : Packet Control Unit The Packet Control Unit (PCU) is a late addition to the GSM standard. It performs some of the processing tasks of the BSC, but for packet data. The allocation of channels between voice and data is controlled by the base station, but once a channel is allocated to the PCU, the PCU takes full control over that channel. VLR & HLR : VLR & HLR Visitor Location Register (VLR) is a database - part of the GSM mobile phone system - which stores information about all the mobiles that are currently under the jurisdiction of the MSC (Mobile Switching Center) which it serves. The 'Home Location Register' or HLR is a central database that contains details of each mobile phone subscriber that is authorized to use the GSM core network. Public switched telephone network : Public switched telephone network The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the network of the world's public circuit-switched telephone networks, in much the same way that the Internet is the network of the world's public IP-based packet-switched networks. Originally a network of fixed-line analog telephone systems, the PSTN is now almost entirely digital, and now includes mobile as well as fixed telephones. GSM Architecture : GSM Architecture Databases Switches Radio Systems BTS BSC MS MSC MSC GMSC SSP PSTN BSS BSS HLR VLR VLR EIR SSP AuC NSS PLMN NSS Network and Switching Subsystem EIR Equipment Identity Register AuC Authentication Center GMSC Gateway MSC BSS Base Station System BSC Base Station Controller BTS Base Transceiver Station MS Mobile Station SSP Service Switching Point Slide 25: Operation and Support System OSS is to provide a network overview and support the maintenance activities Speech Coding : Speech Coding Incoming GSM Call : Incoming GSM Call 2 Where is the cellular phone? : Where is the cellular phone? Handset Switched ON > "here I am" Location update The radio station relays the information to the nearest exchange: The VLR The VLR updates the HLR This way, the home exchange always knows where the phone is The telephone number of the cellularphone indicates the home exchange. Roaming (# Handover) : Roaming (# Handover) Roaming is the ability to use your own GSM phone number in another GSM network. A roaming agreement is a business agreement between two network operators to transfer items such as call charges and subscription information back and forth, as their subscribers roam into each others areas. Location Based Services : Location Based Services GSM Architecture : GSM Architecture OMC Home Location Register AuC Equipment ID Network Management Center BTS BTS BTS ME ME ME Subscriber Identity Module Subscriber Identity Module Subscriber Identity Module Base station controller PSTN Mobile switching center Data communication network BTS = Base Transceiver Station AuC = Authentication Center OMC = Operation and Maintenance Center PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network ME = Mobile Equipment Source: Stallings, 313 Source: Mehrotra, 27 Visitor Location Register GSM Architecture : GSM Architecture 45 MHz BS Transmission Band : 935 – 960 MHZ MS Transmission Band : 890 – 915 MHZ SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) : SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) Billions of Calls Millions of Subscribers Thousand of Different Types of Telephones Hundreds of Countries Dozens of Manufacturers…. And only one Card: The SIM Source: Hillebrand, 369 http://ucables.com/products/simcards/ Administrative data Security data Subscriber data Roaming data PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network Implementation : Implementation SIM = Subscriber Identity Module Central processor, clock and tone, internal bus system, keyboard (HMI) Voice encoding Ciphering Modulation Voice decoding >Channel Decoding >De-Interleaving >Re-formatting Deciphering Amplifier >Channel encoding >Interleaving >Burst generation Receiver Transmitter Demodulation Source: Heine, 14 GSM Variants : GSM Variants Source: Bekkers, 299 GSM : GSM Logical control channels : Logical control channels Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)downlink only, used to broadcast Cell specific information; Synchronization Channel (SCH)downlink only, used to broadcast synchronization and BSS identification information; Paging Channel (PCH)downlink only, used to send page requests to Mobile Stations; Random Access Channel (RACH)uplink only, used to request a Dedicated Control Channel; Access Grant Channel (AGCH)downlink only, used to allocate a Dedicated Control CHANNEL; Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)bi‑directional; Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH)bi‑directional, associated with a Traffic Channel; Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)bi‑directional, associated with a SDCCH or a Traffic Channel; Cell Broadcast Channel (CBCH)downlink only used for general (not point to point) short message information. Summary : Summary Network architecture Implementation Voice application Data application SIM Card : SIM Card SIM? : SIM? SIM Card : SIM Card The SIM - Subscriber Identity Module - is a smart chip card, about the size of a postage stamp. SIM? : SIM? A SIM card is actually a tiny computer in your phone.Current SIMs typically have 16 to 64 kb of memory, which provides plenty of room for storing hundreds of personal phone numbers, text messages, value-added services and important for us: position data (coordinates) of tracked animals SIM Content : SIM Content User ID IMSI, Ki, PINs, PUKs, etc Phone Book SMS A3/A8 Algorithm Challenge response application Other info Directory structure SIM and Handy : SIM and Handy Stack : Stack Hardware e.g. Symbian APIs Application Symbian and other Oss Direct access to HW References : References Bekkers, Rudi. Mobile Communications Standards: GSM, UMTS, TETRA, and ERMES. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 2001. Halonen, Romero, and Melero. GSM, GPRS, and EDGE Performance: Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2003. Hillebrand, Friedhelm. GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communications. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2002. Heine, Gunnar. GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology, and Implementation. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 1999. Mehrotra, Asha. GSM System Engineering. Norwood, MA: Artech House, Inc., 1997. Harte, Levine, and Livingston. GSM Superphones. United States: APDG Publishing, Inc. A Division of McGraw-Hill, 1999.