Effect of water quality

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Effect of water quality and water management on the health of the chicken flocks Dr. Beny Perelman benny.perlman@teva.co.il

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The New broiler 40 Gram 2500 Grams 63 X 43 days

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כ 60 % IMPORTANT FACT: THE CHICKEN BODY IS MADE MAINLY OF WATER!!!!!!!

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1 X 2 X Nutrients requirement

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New complexes are in fact meat factories $$$$$$$$$$$$$$

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The inside of the chicken house is a complicated microenvironment changing all the time depending on the management practices applied Water is one of the most important factors influencing the microenvironment in the chicken house

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Watering equipment is in fact the transportation system of the most important nutrient WATER

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Importance of drinking systems As transportation systems for the most important nutrient For the cooling of the birds To carry and dispense vaccines and treatments Wrong management of watering systems may lead to serious medical problems

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Factors affecting the quality of the litter Density Ventilation Cooling systems and “how we use them” Weather Quality and type of feed Drinking systems and “how we use them”

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Maintenance and use of the watering systems, have a huge effect on the quality of the litter Bad litter will always cause damage to the health of the birds

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Bacteria will penetrate easily through damaged skin

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In order to perform well the water must be of good quality Free of bacterial and chemical Contaminants Acceptable taste and odor Ph should be between 5.0-7.0 (Reduction of Ph under 4.5 must be done with acidifiers that do not change the taste of the water) Temperature must be must be between 17-24 0C

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Factors affecting the quality of the water Quality of entering water Mineral content (Mg, Ca) Bacterial content (Nitrates and nitrites) pH of the water Treatments and additives Water temperature Water movement in the system Accumulation of minerals and biofilm in the watering system

Water Sanitation : 

Water Sanitation Objective: reduction of harmful bacteria in the drinking system and reduction of the proliferation of bacteria and fungi biofilm Chlorine is the most effective sanitizer when used correctly Water pH needs to be between 5.0-6.0 for maximum bactericidal efficacy Hypochlorous acid (HOCl-) is the most important and effective ion and the only one to have a good bactericidal effect In order to obtain bactericidal effect the pH of the water must be between 5-6

Chlorine Activity pH Effect : 

Chlorine Activity pH Effect bactericidal Chlorine does not clean the sediments or the biofilm Bleach contains only a small amount of active HOCL , contains caustic soda as stabilizer and is an industrial by product containing in many cases lead and cadmium “Bleach should not be used in drinking water for poultry “

Water Acidification : 

Water Acidification Objectives: To reduce and clean sedimentation of minerals in the system To reduce pH in the water to prevent multiplication of harmful bacteria such as Salmonella To increase the amount of drinking water

Water Acidification : 

Water Acidification Bacterial activity is reached only when water pH is under 4.0. Reduction of pH in water must be achieved with acids that do not change taste or bitterness of the water. Organic acids require high concentrations to reduce pH to these levels and change the taste of water Organic acids may increase the multiplication of fungi and bacteria as they are used as nutrients for many microorganisms. Reduction of pH in the water DOES NOT AFFECT the pH in the GUTS, it may only have an effect at the crop level

Inorganic vs. Organic Acids : 

Inorganic vs. Organic Acids (pH-7.0) (pH-3.5) Mineral acid (pH-3.5) From: Efficacy of water administration of Sodium Acid Sulfate (SAS) in reducing crop contamination during feed withdrawal. J. Allen Byrd1, Trisha Marsh Johnson

Use of Oxidizing products : 

Use of Oxidizing products Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) can be excellent disinfectant for watering systems Brand products such as Aquaclean can do an excellent job in the reduction of the biofilm For the elimination of mineral sediments the pH must be reduced and the concentration of these products must be 1-5% between cycles (empty houses). When administered for drinking water (chicken houses full) the final concentration must be 100-150 cc /cubic meter

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Every step of the watering system is of critical importance

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Watering systems change all the time Accumulation of minerals on the valves and metal parts Accumulation of bacteria and biofilm on the pipes and nipple system

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What is biofilm Biofilm is an organic hydrophobic layer produced by bacteria and fungi with the purpose of protecting them

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300x magnification 9000x magnification Biofilm rejects water and is resistant to common disinfectants such as quaternary compounds and Chlorine Biofilm accumulation Biofilm can be effectively removed by the correct use of Aquaclean or strong oxidizing products

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Contaminater systems my be source of infection Vaccines and treatments administered via watering systems, may be severely affected

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7 6 5 4 Dirty systems may cause severe reduction in the amount of vaccine virus reaching the birds Log 10 100 מטר Titers of virus vaccine along the pipes O.K

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Lack of water or severe drinking reduction may cause kidney damage and accumulation of uric acid in internal organs

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Disinfectants must be used always at recommended levels as they may cause severe lesions and mortality

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ONLY BY UNDERSTANDING AND APPLYING THE RIGHT METHODS AND PRODUCTS WE WILL BE ABLE TO KEEP THE BEST PERFORMANCE OF THE BIRDS $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$