Personality by Ravi Kudawla

Personality : 

Personality CONCEPT The word ‘personality’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘persona’ meaning mask.(Personare=to sound through) TRADITIONAL CONCEPT Physical make-up, walking, talking, dressing. MODERN CONCEPT What we are and what we hope to become Mirror of one’s total behavior.

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Personality is the total integration of physical, intellectual, emotional, social and character make up of the individual. Attitudes, values, beliefs, ambitions, interests, habits, sentiments and traits. DEFINITIONS Watson(1930): Personality is the sum of activities that can be discovered by actual observations over a long enough period of time to give reliable information.

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Morton(1929): Personality is the sum total of all the biological innate dispositions, impulses, tendencies, appetites and instincts of the individual and the dispositions and tendencies acquired by experience. Allport(1948): Personality is a dynamic organization within the individual of those psycho-physical systems that determine his unique adjustment to the environment. Cattell(1970): Personality is that which permits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation.

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Eyesenck(1971): Personality is the more or less stable and enduring organization of a person’s character, temperament, intellect and physique, which determine his unique adjustment to the environment. Woodworth supports that personality is the quality of individual’s total behavior.

VIEWS REGARDING PERSONALITY : 

Layman’s view: Personality is the externality of the individual i.e. his dress, facial expression, movements, manners, etc. Philosophical view: Personality is the ideal of perfection. It is self-realization. Sociological view: According to this, individual is a reflection of the society. VIEWS REGARDING PERSONALITY

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Bio-physical view: Personality is what a man is within himself and external behavior provides a clue to what is within the individual. Psychoanalytic view: Freud is of the view that there are three major constituents of personality: a) Id: immoral, illogical and unconscious. Sum total of natural and general tendencies that cannot be satisfied in the society.

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b) Ego: social self. It is the sum total of consciousness, will power, intelligence and reasoning. c) Super Ego: moral self. It is the higher and ideal part of the personality. Its function is to warn the ego about its defects and wrong actions.

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Psychological view: Personality is the sum total of physical, mental, emotional, social and temperamental make up of the individual. It is the essence of one’s feelings, emotions, sentiments, thoughts, interests, intelligence, experience, habits and various ways of behavior.

NATURE OF PERSONALITY : 

Dynamic : ever changing Psychophysical: both physical and mental Organized and integrated Determination: determines our thoughts and actions Uniqueness Adjustment to environment Social : develops through social interaction Functions as a Unified whole NATURE OF PERSONALITY

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Personality exhibits self consciousness It includes all behavior patterns : cognitive, psychomotor and affective Product of heredity and environment It can be described as well as assessed Learning and experiences contribute towards its G&D Consistency Goal-oriented Pertains to humans not animals Not synonymous with character

DIMENSIONS OF PERSONALITY : 

Physical dimensions Intellectual dimensions Emotional dimensions Social traits Moral traits DIMENSIONS OF PERSONALITY

TYPES OF PERSONALITY : 

1. HIPPOCRATES CLASSIFICATION (FLUID TYPE) TYPES OF PERSONALITY

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2. KRETSCHMER’S CLASSIFICATION (BIOLOGICAL TYPE)

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3. SHELDON’S CLASSIFICATION(PHY. STRUC)

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4. SPRANGER’S CLASSIFICATION (SOCIAL BEHV.)

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5. JUNG’S CLASSIFICATION Introverts: shy, sensitive, unsocial, unadventurous, better in writing, reserved. Extroverts: social, adventurous, co-operative, bold, friendly, outward Ambiverts: mixture of both the qualities of introverts and extroverts

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6. FREUD’S CLASSIFICATION Oral-erotic type: shows excessive degree of pleasure associated with oral activity. Sucking, biting, putting anything in mouth in infancy stage. Anal type: obtains sexual gratification through anal activities as stimulation, etc. Phallic type: shows self-love, tries to draw the attention of others

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7. ADLER’S CLASSIFICATION ( POWER SEEKING BEHAV.) Demanding type: dominate and demand. Usually elder child of all. Escaping type Getting type Struggling type 8. JAMES CLASSIFICATION Tender minded: idealistic and religious minded. Tough minded: materialistic outlook and no faith in religion.

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9. TROTTOR’S CLASSIFICATION Stable minded: having fixed opinions Unstable minded: those who are unchangeable.

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY : 

HEREDITARY OR BIOLOGICAL FACTORS Physique and Personality: height, weight, physical defects, health and strength Intelligence Sex differences Nervous system Chemical organization: Endocrine glands DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY

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Adrenal glands: malfunctioning causes lack of sleep, interest, weakness. Over activity causes vigorous behavior and under activity causes irritability. Thyroid glands: over activity causes restlessness and worry. Under activity causes cretinism- makes person dull. Pituitary glands: master glands. Help in body growth. Under act. Causes dwarfness. Sex glands: over activity makes person over sexed. Under act. Makes person weak.

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2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Geographical environment and personality Family Environment Family life pattern Early childhood experiences and personality Neighborhood Friends and companions School Radio, clubs, cinemas temples and gurudwaras Names and personality Clothes and personality Culture and personality

Psychological Factors : 

Motives Acquired interests Attitudes Character Intellectual capacities Psychological Factors

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EDU 884 Home Work based Test Write the source of article in detail along with the complete title of the article. Discuss the various psychological aspects which you have focused upon. (5) Discuss in detail about the behaviour of the individual which you have observed . State the different aspects on which you have focused. (5) Compare and contrast the following: i) Educational psychology and sport psychology ii) Health and clinical psychology iii) Individual and group psychology (5)

EDU884 : 

Home Work based test On what bases did you analyse the article chosen by you? (5) What was the age group of the individual assigned to you for observation? Which activity did you observe and how? (5) Differentiate between Pure and applied psychology Human and animal psychology Normal and abnormal psychology (5) EDU884