cruxifixion

MAN : 

MAN PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF MAN

EVOLUTIONIST VIEW : 

EVOLUTIONIST VIEW Charles Darwin In His Origin of Species: Man through evolutionary process emerged from a lower species. This view which is based purely on biological findings has brought out organic relation to the world of nature and does not present man as exaggeratedly spiritual being.

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Thus, a connection is formed between man and nature, a unity between the two which helps man to appreciate his dependence on the environment and to become aware of his ecological responsibilities.

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All human actions are actually the result of stimuli from our environment and no person can act out of his own will. Man considered reactors who do not contribute to the shaping of the universe but are controlled by it.

MARXIST VIEW : 

MARXIST VIEW Karl Marx depicted human being as: Economic Man- primarily controlled by the economic organization of society. Man’s work defines himself. A social creature and that society must be “classes” in order to satisfy man. Simply considered as a part of society and every individual is negligible.

FREUDIAN VIEW : 

FREUDIAN VIEW Sigmund Freud Saw man as: Controlled by instinct and challenged the belief in rational man. Creatures of instinct not of reason particularly sexual instinct and the instinct of self-preservation. Everything man does is the result of an instinctive desire for self-gratification.

EXISTENTIALIST VIEW : 

EXISTENTIALIST VIEW Martin Heidegger’s Concept of Man: Being -in- the world with- others The essence of man is Time (past, present and future…)therefore, the concept of becoming is to be fully human. Man must “become” free to achieve authentic personhood by becoming creative and responsive to the calling of God.

HINDUISM CONCEPT OF MAN : 

HINDUISM CONCEPT OF MAN Man is not simply as a body or a unique personality, but as an individual which could be identified with the total Being in his innermost soul. It is union with Brahman, God, as man’s highest and ultimate destiny.

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The human being do not easily recognize their hidden goodness but they identify themselves with their surface self, with worldly desires, with sensual pleasure and with the happiness of daily life. It is only then, that they realize the full meaning of life in times of difficulties.

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Man has four basic needs such as Pleasure Worldly Success Desire to be useful or of service Infinite being

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Real and apparent man or Atman is conscious, ever free, blissful and immortal. Man essential nature is divine. The only way to be free was to perceive the truth of one’s divinity. Man tend to think and act according to her/his concept of self

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Man’s real nature is immortal, pure and blissful Man can become greedy, angry, and in the fit of anger and greed, he can do evil deeds which might cause suffering to him and others.

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A person who fully conquers his passions, desires, likes and dislikes aversions and attachment, even his love for life and fear of death, such a man in India is called Mahavir, the great conqueror. Such a person is worshipped as God because he or she has manifested the divinity within fully

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Man can conquer his internal nature or the mind through religious way one such method is yoga.

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Judaism Concept of Man: Man commits sinful act, but he himself is not sinful or totally separated from God God and man is not similar in physical looks or visible existence instead they are more likely in nature attributes such as; like god we have the ability to understand & discern. Men are able to perceive things.

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Buddhism Concept of Man: Buddhist Teaching: a. Conservative Buddhist- Man has a spirit that continues from life to life. B. Liberals Buddhist- Believe man has a spirit that continues from life to life. When a man dies, he will return to live as another human on earth

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The cycle of birth and rebirth continues indefinitely until one is released. Karma ( action)-Everything good or bad that happens to a man is the fruit of his conduct in previous lives future will determine by his action now. Nirvana ( release) –conservative Buddhist believe that the ultimate goal of man is to release from the individual,& enter the state of nirvana cycle of birth and suffering.

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Man suffers of his desire for personal enjoyment &possessions but especially because of the desire to continue to as an individual, separate & distinct from highest destiny of man is to cease as a separate & distinct from others. The highest destiny of man is to cease existence as a separate & distinct individual,& enter the state of nirvana.

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5 aggregates of man: Material 2.Feeling 3.knowing 4. Mental 5.Consciousness Three fold nature of Reality of Man: 1.impermanence 2. Soullessness 3. suffering

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Man can attain liberation by practicing the Tri-Stepped Middle Path: 1.Morality 2. Concentration or Meditation 3. Wisdom Philosophy- A wise man practice friendliness, & equanimity, Which are collectively called sublime way of living.