logging in or signing up vac aSGuest34476 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 381 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: December 21, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL IN BROILERS:CHANGES AND ADAPTATIONS -ARE WE REALLY MAKING PROGRESS? : COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL IN BROILERS:CHANGES AND ADAPTATIONS -ARE WE REALLY MAKING PROGRESS? KENNETH W. BAFUNDO, PH.D. PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH USA: DISEASES OF GREATEST CONCERN : USA: DISEASES OF GREATEST CONCERN Slide 3: Coccidiosis: Ranking Among Subclinical Diseases of Broilers H. Cervantes, 2002 Proc. Western Poultry Disease Conference, pp. 220-223 COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL: TRADITIONAL POINTS OF EMPHASIS : COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL: TRADITIONAL POINTS OF EMPHASIS MANAGING THE DISEASE THROUGH EFFECTIVE ANTICOCCIDIAL USAGE MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE MINIMIZE LESIONS MAXIMIZE PROFITABILITY COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL:RECENT POINTS OF EMPHASIS : COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL:RECENT POINTS OF EMPHASIS COST OF PRODUCTION SIGNIFICANT POLICY SHIFTS EU: ANTIBIOTIC BANS ARE IONOPHORES NEXT??? RE-IMMERGENCE OF NECROTIC ENTERITIS LIVE COCCI VACCINES IN BROILERS IONOPHORE ANTICOCCIDIALS FOR NE CONTROL COST OF PRODUCTION : COST OF PRODUCTION AGRI-STATS AND INDUSTRY NEEDS QUANTIFIES ALL ASPECTS OF PRODUCTION YARDSTICK AMONG COMPETITORS INPUT COST IS A PRIMARY CRITERION BIRD HEALTH AND OVERALL PROFITABILITY ARE SECONDARY ANTICOCCIDIAL DATA : ANTICOCCIDIAL DATA GENERATED BY AGRISTATS, INC. ~155 INTERGRATOR MILLS IN U.S.A. 90% SUBMIT PRODUCTION DATA AGRISTATS PROCESSES DATA, PROVIDES SUMMARIES TO INDUSTRY, ETC. SOME ‘EXPERIMENTAL ERROR’ INVOLVED USA: Quarterly Nicarbazin Use 1997-2001 (pounds x 106) : USA: Quarterly Nicarbazin Use 1997-2001 (pounds x 106) LEAST-COST RECOMMENDATIONS : LEAST-COST RECOMMENDATIONS LOW DOSAGES MINIMAL FEEDING TIME EXTENDED WITHDRAWALS RELIANCE UPON IMMUNITY A COMMON LEAST COST EXAMPLE: TO DAY 16 DAY 17 TO 28 AFTER 28 SALINOMYCIN ------------------- 44 PPM 55 PPM WD LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL : LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL AGRISTATS NICARBAZIN BASED SHUTTLES HAVE MORE THAN DOUBLED (225%) FROM 2002 TO 2003. MEDICATED FEED HAS INCREASED INCREMENTALLY FROM 2002 TO 2003. FROM LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL : FROM LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL FROM: STRAIGHT SALINOMYCIN 44 TO 55 PPM TO: NICARBAZIN 125 IONOPHORE WINTER 2003 (DEC. TO MARCH) MULTIPLE COMPANIES OVER 1 BILLION BIRDS FED FROM LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL : FROM LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL RESULTS (ACROSS INDUSTRY): GENERALLY, 3 POINT IMPROVEMENT IN F/G E.G. 1.87 1.84; 5 lb. CHICKEN 0.15 lbs./ BIRD @ $130 US/TON FEED SAVINGS: ~ $10,000,000 NICARBAZIN COST: ~$650,000 NET FEED SAVINGS: ~ $9,000,000 STRATEGIC USE OF ANTICOCCIDIALS : STRATEGIC USE OF ANTICOCCIDIALS STRAIGHT PROGRAMS SHUTTLE PROGRAMS ROTATIONAL PROGRAMS RATIONALE FOR SHUTTLE PROGRAMS : RATIONALE FOR SHUTTLE PROGRAMS IMPROVE FLOCK PERFORMANCE MAINTAIN EFFICACY REDUCE LESION SCORES REDUCE RESISTANCE DEVELOPMENT IMPROVE PROFITABILITY RELIABILITY OF SHUTTLE PROGRAMS : RELIABILITY OF SHUTTLE PROGRAMS STARTER FEEDS NICARBAZIN NICARB COMBOS OCCASIONALLY, OTHER CHEMICALS GROWER FEEDS IONOPHORES LENGTH OF ROTATION PROGRAMS IN MONTHS : LENGTH OF ROTATION PROGRAMS IN MONTHS ROTATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS : ROTATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS THREE WELL-DESIGNED PROGRAMS PER YEAR STRATEGIC MIX OF STRAIGHT AND SHUTTLES PROGRAMS SEASONALLY STRUCTURED PLANNED WELL-MONITORED NECROTIC ENTERITIS : NECROTIC ENTERITIS Slide 26: NECROTIC ENTERITIS IN BROILERS CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS GRAM POSITIVE SPORE FORMING TOXIN PRODUCING NECROTIZING LESIONS AFFECT GUT STRENGTH AFFECT CARCASS CONTAMINATION MORTALITY OPPORTUNISTIC COCCIDIOSIS, ETC., CERTAIN FEEDSTUFFS NECROTIC ENTERITIS IN BROILERS : NECROTIC ENTERITIS IN BROILERS CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS MOST COMMON IN EU > 40% OF EU BROILER FLOCKS TREATED AMOXYCILLIN, AMPICILLIN USE OF IONOPHORES TO HELP CONTROL NE USE OF THERAPEUTIC ANTIBIOTICS IN POULTRY: UK : USE OF THERAPEUTIC ANTIBIOTICS IN POULTRY: UK >118% 13 tons IONOPHORES AND NE:DENMARK : IONOPHORES AND NE:DENMARK IONOPHORE USAGE HAS INCREASED >184% SINCE THE ANTIBIOTIC BAN IN 1998. Animal Pharm, August 2, 2002 COCCIDIOSIS AND NE IN BROILERS: EU : COCCIDIOSIS AND NE IN BROILERS: EU IONOPHORES WILL BE BANNED FOR GROWTH PROMOTION IN 2006! WILL THE EU BAN IONOPHORES FOR THE CONTROL OF COCCIDIOSIS IN BROILERS? IONOPHORES IN THE EU : IONOPHORES IN THE EU IONOPHORES ARE ANTIBIOTICS CURRENT STATUS IS UNDER REVIEW NEW GUIDELINES BY 2008 IF CHANGES OCCUR, WILL AFFECT OTHER BROILER PRODUCTION AREAS (E.G. LATIN AMERICA, THAILAND, ETC). LIVE OOCYST VACCINES : LIVE OOCYST VACCINES APPLICATION FOR BROILERS AND BREEDER PULLETS LIVE COCCIDIOSIS VACCINES : LIVE COCCIDIOSIS VACCINES LIVE VACCINES HAVE THE CAPACITY TO INTRODUCE DRUG SENSITIVE STRAINS OF COCCIDIA INTO A BROILER PRODUCTION FACILITY NOW USE BY SOME AS A ROTATION OPTION LIVE OOCYST VACCINES : LIVE OOCYST VACCINES FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVENESS: ADMINISTRATION OF THE VACCINE LITTER TYPE AND DEPTH PARTIAL HOUSE BROODING MANAGEMENT PROCESSING AGE (BIRD WEIGHT) NECROTIC ENTERITIS ANTIBIOTIC USAGE Slide 35: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SUCCESS OF A VACCINATION PROGRAM THE GREATEST SINGLE FACTOR INFLUENCING THE SUCCESS OF THE VACCINATION PROGRAM IS ENSURING ALL BIRDS ARE EXPOSED TO THE OOCYSTS IN THE VACCINE. WATER, FEED, EYE SPRAY, GELATIN ‘PUCK’, COARSE SPRAY IN OVO APPLICATIONS? Slide 36: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SUCCESS OF A VACCINATION PROGRAM PULLET AND BROILER VACCINES ARE DIFFERENT USE THE APPROPRIATE VACCINE! TAKE EXTRA CARE TO BE SURE THAT ALL BIRDS ARE PROPERLY EXPOSED AMPROLIUM MAY BE REQUIRED TO LIMIT COCCIDIAL INFECTIONS Slide 37: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VACCINATION PROGRAMS PARTIAL HOUSE BROODING NUTRITION WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS MAY HELP MANAGEMENT LITTER MANAGEMENT BUILD-UP LITTER LITTER MOISTURE VENTILATION WATER MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL VACCINE IMPROVEMENTS : POTENTIAL VACCINE IMPROVEMENTS ADDITIONAL EMPHASIS ON LIVE OOCYST VACCINES IMPROVING OOCYST VIABILITY CUSTOMIZING VACCINE SPECIES IN OVO APPLICATIONS CHANGES AFFECTING THE FUTURE OF COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL : CHANGES AFFECTING THE FUTURE OF COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL REGULATORY ISSUES AND THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT EFFECT ON PHARMACEUTICAL INTEREST RESEARCH SLOWED DRAMATICALLY REJECTION OF ANY ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY CONTINUED EMPHASIS ON EXISTING PRODUCTS MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL : MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR BROILERS : MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR BROILERS TEMPERATURE: ZONE OF THERMAL NEUTRALITY AIR QUALITY: SUFFICIENT TO PREVENT RESPIRATORY STRESS/INSULT NUTRIENT QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY LITTER QUALITY: LIMIT VIABILITY OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS STABLE HEALTH PROGRAMS MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL : MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL FEED AND FEED QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AIR QUALITY MOISTURE REMOVAL FEED AND WATER MANAGEMENT STRESS BIRD DENSITY LITTER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL : MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL EFFECTIVE VIRAL VACCINATION IBD, MAREK’S, IB CHICK QUALITY DOWN TIME COCCIDIOSIS AND MANAGEMENT : COCCIDIOSIS AND MANAGEMENT “FARM, GROWER, HOUSE MANAGEMENT IS THE PRIMARY FACTOR IN DETERMINING THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ANTI-COCCIDIAL PROGRAM.” M.K. ECKMAN, 1995 COCCIDIOSIS AND MANAGEMENT : COCCIDIOSIS AND MANAGEMENT “THE GREATEST OPPORTUNITITES FOR IMPROVED FLOCK PERFORMANCE CONTINUE TO LIE IN PROVIDING THE OPTIMAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE EXPRESSION OF GENETIC POTENTIAL IN BROILER PROGENY THAT ARE SELECTED FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS IN MEAT PRODUCTION.” M.K. ECKMAN, 1996 ARE WE REALLY MAKING PROGRESS? : ARE WE REALLY MAKING PROGRESS? PROGRESS? : PROGRESS? YES, ALTHOUGH INCREMENTAL THE PENDULUM IS SWINGING BACK TOWARD THE CENTER. AFTER EXPERIMENTING, WE ARE RE-LEARNING WE NEED TO CONTINUE THE PROCESS PROGRESS IN THE FACE OF CHALLENGE : PROGRESS IN THE FACE OF CHALLENGE SIGNIFICANT REGULATORY CHALLENGES INFLUENCE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS LIMIT AVAILABILITY OF NEW AND OLD TECHNOLOGIES MAGNIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF OUR EXISTING PRODUCTS REQUIRE PRUDENT CURRENT USAGE You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
vac aSGuest34476 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 381 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: December 21, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL IN BROILERS:CHANGES AND ADAPTATIONS -ARE WE REALLY MAKING PROGRESS? : COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL IN BROILERS:CHANGES AND ADAPTATIONS -ARE WE REALLY MAKING PROGRESS? KENNETH W. BAFUNDO, PH.D. PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH USA: DISEASES OF GREATEST CONCERN : USA: DISEASES OF GREATEST CONCERN Slide 3: Coccidiosis: Ranking Among Subclinical Diseases of Broilers H. Cervantes, 2002 Proc. Western Poultry Disease Conference, pp. 220-223 COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL: TRADITIONAL POINTS OF EMPHASIS : COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL: TRADITIONAL POINTS OF EMPHASIS MANAGING THE DISEASE THROUGH EFFECTIVE ANTICOCCIDIAL USAGE MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE MINIMIZE LESIONS MAXIMIZE PROFITABILITY COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL:RECENT POINTS OF EMPHASIS : COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL:RECENT POINTS OF EMPHASIS COST OF PRODUCTION SIGNIFICANT POLICY SHIFTS EU: ANTIBIOTIC BANS ARE IONOPHORES NEXT??? RE-IMMERGENCE OF NECROTIC ENTERITIS LIVE COCCI VACCINES IN BROILERS IONOPHORE ANTICOCCIDIALS FOR NE CONTROL COST OF PRODUCTION : COST OF PRODUCTION AGRI-STATS AND INDUSTRY NEEDS QUANTIFIES ALL ASPECTS OF PRODUCTION YARDSTICK AMONG COMPETITORS INPUT COST IS A PRIMARY CRITERION BIRD HEALTH AND OVERALL PROFITABILITY ARE SECONDARY ANTICOCCIDIAL DATA : ANTICOCCIDIAL DATA GENERATED BY AGRISTATS, INC. ~155 INTERGRATOR MILLS IN U.S.A. 90% SUBMIT PRODUCTION DATA AGRISTATS PROCESSES DATA, PROVIDES SUMMARIES TO INDUSTRY, ETC. SOME ‘EXPERIMENTAL ERROR’ INVOLVED USA: Quarterly Nicarbazin Use 1997-2001 (pounds x 106) : USA: Quarterly Nicarbazin Use 1997-2001 (pounds x 106) LEAST-COST RECOMMENDATIONS : LEAST-COST RECOMMENDATIONS LOW DOSAGES MINIMAL FEEDING TIME EXTENDED WITHDRAWALS RELIANCE UPON IMMUNITY A COMMON LEAST COST EXAMPLE: TO DAY 16 DAY 17 TO 28 AFTER 28 SALINOMYCIN ------------------- 44 PPM 55 PPM WD LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL : LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL AGRISTATS NICARBAZIN BASED SHUTTLES HAVE MORE THAN DOUBLED (225%) FROM 2002 TO 2003. MEDICATED FEED HAS INCREASED INCREMENTALLY FROM 2002 TO 2003. FROM LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL : FROM LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL FROM: STRAIGHT SALINOMYCIN 44 TO 55 PPM TO: NICARBAZIN 125 IONOPHORE WINTER 2003 (DEC. TO MARCH) MULTIPLE COMPANIES OVER 1 BILLION BIRDS FED FROM LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL : FROM LEAST-COST TO TRADITIONAL RESULTS (ACROSS INDUSTRY): GENERALLY, 3 POINT IMPROVEMENT IN F/G E.G. 1.87 1.84; 5 lb. CHICKEN 0.15 lbs./ BIRD @ $130 US/TON FEED SAVINGS: ~ $10,000,000 NICARBAZIN COST: ~$650,000 NET FEED SAVINGS: ~ $9,000,000 STRATEGIC USE OF ANTICOCCIDIALS : STRATEGIC USE OF ANTICOCCIDIALS STRAIGHT PROGRAMS SHUTTLE PROGRAMS ROTATIONAL PROGRAMS RATIONALE FOR SHUTTLE PROGRAMS : RATIONALE FOR SHUTTLE PROGRAMS IMPROVE FLOCK PERFORMANCE MAINTAIN EFFICACY REDUCE LESION SCORES REDUCE RESISTANCE DEVELOPMENT IMPROVE PROFITABILITY RELIABILITY OF SHUTTLE PROGRAMS : RELIABILITY OF SHUTTLE PROGRAMS STARTER FEEDS NICARBAZIN NICARB COMBOS OCCASIONALLY, OTHER CHEMICALS GROWER FEEDS IONOPHORES LENGTH OF ROTATION PROGRAMS IN MONTHS : LENGTH OF ROTATION PROGRAMS IN MONTHS ROTATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS : ROTATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS THREE WELL-DESIGNED PROGRAMS PER YEAR STRATEGIC MIX OF STRAIGHT AND SHUTTLES PROGRAMS SEASONALLY STRUCTURED PLANNED WELL-MONITORED NECROTIC ENTERITIS : NECROTIC ENTERITIS Slide 26: NECROTIC ENTERITIS IN BROILERS CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS GRAM POSITIVE SPORE FORMING TOXIN PRODUCING NECROTIZING LESIONS AFFECT GUT STRENGTH AFFECT CARCASS CONTAMINATION MORTALITY OPPORTUNISTIC COCCIDIOSIS, ETC., CERTAIN FEEDSTUFFS NECROTIC ENTERITIS IN BROILERS : NECROTIC ENTERITIS IN BROILERS CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS MOST COMMON IN EU > 40% OF EU BROILER FLOCKS TREATED AMOXYCILLIN, AMPICILLIN USE OF IONOPHORES TO HELP CONTROL NE USE OF THERAPEUTIC ANTIBIOTICS IN POULTRY: UK : USE OF THERAPEUTIC ANTIBIOTICS IN POULTRY: UK >118% 13 tons IONOPHORES AND NE:DENMARK : IONOPHORES AND NE:DENMARK IONOPHORE USAGE HAS INCREASED >184% SINCE THE ANTIBIOTIC BAN IN 1998. Animal Pharm, August 2, 2002 COCCIDIOSIS AND NE IN BROILERS: EU : COCCIDIOSIS AND NE IN BROILERS: EU IONOPHORES WILL BE BANNED FOR GROWTH PROMOTION IN 2006! WILL THE EU BAN IONOPHORES FOR THE CONTROL OF COCCIDIOSIS IN BROILERS? IONOPHORES IN THE EU : IONOPHORES IN THE EU IONOPHORES ARE ANTIBIOTICS CURRENT STATUS IS UNDER REVIEW NEW GUIDELINES BY 2008 IF CHANGES OCCUR, WILL AFFECT OTHER BROILER PRODUCTION AREAS (E.G. LATIN AMERICA, THAILAND, ETC). LIVE OOCYST VACCINES : LIVE OOCYST VACCINES APPLICATION FOR BROILERS AND BREEDER PULLETS LIVE COCCIDIOSIS VACCINES : LIVE COCCIDIOSIS VACCINES LIVE VACCINES HAVE THE CAPACITY TO INTRODUCE DRUG SENSITIVE STRAINS OF COCCIDIA INTO A BROILER PRODUCTION FACILITY NOW USE BY SOME AS A ROTATION OPTION LIVE OOCYST VACCINES : LIVE OOCYST VACCINES FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVENESS: ADMINISTRATION OF THE VACCINE LITTER TYPE AND DEPTH PARTIAL HOUSE BROODING MANAGEMENT PROCESSING AGE (BIRD WEIGHT) NECROTIC ENTERITIS ANTIBIOTIC USAGE Slide 35: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SUCCESS OF A VACCINATION PROGRAM THE GREATEST SINGLE FACTOR INFLUENCING THE SUCCESS OF THE VACCINATION PROGRAM IS ENSURING ALL BIRDS ARE EXPOSED TO THE OOCYSTS IN THE VACCINE. WATER, FEED, EYE SPRAY, GELATIN ‘PUCK’, COARSE SPRAY IN OVO APPLICATIONS? Slide 36: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SUCCESS OF A VACCINATION PROGRAM PULLET AND BROILER VACCINES ARE DIFFERENT USE THE APPROPRIATE VACCINE! TAKE EXTRA CARE TO BE SURE THAT ALL BIRDS ARE PROPERLY EXPOSED AMPROLIUM MAY BE REQUIRED TO LIMIT COCCIDIAL INFECTIONS Slide 37: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VACCINATION PROGRAMS PARTIAL HOUSE BROODING NUTRITION WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS MAY HELP MANAGEMENT LITTER MANAGEMENT BUILD-UP LITTER LITTER MOISTURE VENTILATION WATER MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL VACCINE IMPROVEMENTS : POTENTIAL VACCINE IMPROVEMENTS ADDITIONAL EMPHASIS ON LIVE OOCYST VACCINES IMPROVING OOCYST VIABILITY CUSTOMIZING VACCINE SPECIES IN OVO APPLICATIONS CHANGES AFFECTING THE FUTURE OF COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL : CHANGES AFFECTING THE FUTURE OF COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL REGULATORY ISSUES AND THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT EFFECT ON PHARMACEUTICAL INTEREST RESEARCH SLOWED DRAMATICALLY REJECTION OF ANY ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY CONTINUED EMPHASIS ON EXISTING PRODUCTS MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL : MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR BROILERS : MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR BROILERS TEMPERATURE: ZONE OF THERMAL NEUTRALITY AIR QUALITY: SUFFICIENT TO PREVENT RESPIRATORY STRESS/INSULT NUTRIENT QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY LITTER QUALITY: LIMIT VIABILITY OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS STABLE HEALTH PROGRAMS MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL : MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL FEED AND FEED QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AIR QUALITY MOISTURE REMOVAL FEED AND WATER MANAGEMENT STRESS BIRD DENSITY LITTER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL : MANAGEMENT AND COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL EFFECTIVE VIRAL VACCINATION IBD, MAREK’S, IB CHICK QUALITY DOWN TIME COCCIDIOSIS AND MANAGEMENT : COCCIDIOSIS AND MANAGEMENT “FARM, GROWER, HOUSE MANAGEMENT IS THE PRIMARY FACTOR IN DETERMINING THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ANTI-COCCIDIAL PROGRAM.” M.K. ECKMAN, 1995 COCCIDIOSIS AND MANAGEMENT : COCCIDIOSIS AND MANAGEMENT “THE GREATEST OPPORTUNITITES FOR IMPROVED FLOCK PERFORMANCE CONTINUE TO LIE IN PROVIDING THE OPTIMAL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE EXPRESSION OF GENETIC POTENTIAL IN BROILER PROGENY THAT ARE SELECTED FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS IN MEAT PRODUCTION.” M.K. ECKMAN, 1996 ARE WE REALLY MAKING PROGRESS? : ARE WE REALLY MAKING PROGRESS? PROGRESS? : PROGRESS? YES, ALTHOUGH INCREMENTAL THE PENDULUM IS SWINGING BACK TOWARD THE CENTER. AFTER EXPERIMENTING, WE ARE RE-LEARNING WE NEED TO CONTINUE THE PROCESS PROGRESS IN THE FACE OF CHALLENGE : PROGRESS IN THE FACE OF CHALLENGE SIGNIFICANT REGULATORY CHALLENGES INFLUENCE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS LIMIT AVAILABILITY OF NEW AND OLD TECHNOLOGIES MAGNIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF OUR EXISTING PRODUCTS REQUIRE PRUDENT CURRENT USAGE