dengue fever presentation

Aedes aegypti Mosquito with SPOTS Bites during day timeIt’s a fresh water mosquito : 

Aedes aegypti Mosquito with SPOTS Bites during day timeIt’s a fresh water mosquito

Dengue Fever : 

Dengue Fever Dengue [DEN-ghee]

Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever : 

Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection which in recent years has become a major international public health concern. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), a potentially lethal complication, was first recognized in the 1950s during the dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand

About virus and Vector : 

About virus and Vector The spread of dengue is attributed to expanding geographic distribution of the four dengue viruses and of their mosquito vectors, the most important of which are the predominantly urban species Aedes aegypti and Aedes Albopictus. A rapid rise in urban populations is bringing ever greater numbers of people into contact with this vector, especially in areas that are favourable for mosquito breeding, e.g. where household water storage is common and where solid waste disposal services are inadequate.

Transmission : 

Transmission Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infective female Aedes mosquitoes. Mosquitoes generally acquire the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person. After virus incubation for 8-10 days, an infected mosquito is capable, during probing and blood feeding, of transmitting the virus, to susceptible individuals for the rest of its life. Infected female mosquitoes may also transmit the virus to their offspring by transovarial (via the eggs) transmission

Signs and Symptoms : 

Signs and Symptoms Dengue fever is a severe, flu-like illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but seldom causes death. The clinical features of dengue fever vary according to the age of the patient. Infants and young children may have a non-specific febrile illness with rash. Older children and adults may have either a mild febrile syndrome or the classical incapacitating disease with abrupt onset and high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pains, and rash. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a potentially deadly complication that is characterized by high fever, haemorrhagic phenomena--often with enlargement of the liver--and in severe cases, circulatory failure. The illness commonly begins with a sudden rise in temperature accompanied by facial flush and other non-specific constitutional symptoms of dengue fever. The fever usually continues for two to seven days and can be as high as 40-41°C, possibly with febrile convulsions and haemorrhagic phenomena. In moderate DHF cases, all signs and symptoms abate after the fever subsides. In severe cases, the patient's condition may suddenly deteriorate after a few days of fever; the temperature drops, followed by signs of circulatory failure, and the patient may rapidly go into a critical state of shock and die within 12-24 hours, or quickly recover following appropriate volume replacement

How soon after exposure do symptoms appear? : 

How soon after exposure do symptoms appear? The time between the bite of a mosquito carrying dengue virus and the start of symptoms averages 4 to 6 days, with a range of 3 to 14 days. An infected person cannot spread the infection to other persons but can be a source of dengue virus for mosquitoes for about 6 days.

How is dengue diagnosed? : 

How is dengue diagnosed? Dengue is diagnosed by a blood test. ELISA Igm antibody Immunochromatographic technique ICT Immunoblot PCR Virus Isolation

Treatment : 

Treatment There is no specific treatment for dengue fever. However, careful clinical management by experienced physicians and nurses frequently saves the lives of DHF patients. With appropriate intensive supportive therapy, mortality may be reduced to less than 1%. Maintenance of the circulating fluid volume is the central feature of DHF case management.

Prevention and control : 

Prevention and control At present, the only method of controlling or preventing dengue and DHF is to combat the vector mosquitoes. In Asia and the Americas, Aedes aegypti breeds primarily in man-made containers like earthenware jars, metal drums and concrete cisterns used for domestic water storage, as well as discarded plastic food containers, used automobile tyres and other items that collect rainwater. In Africa it also breeds extensively in natural habitats such as tree holes and leaf axils.

How can I understand that this is dengue fever : 

How can I understand that this is dengue fever RECOGNITION OF DENGUE FEVER        Sudden onset of high fever      Severe headache (mostly in the forehead)      Pain behind the eyes which worsens with eye movement      Body aches and joint pains      Nausea or vomiting        RECOGNITION OF DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER AND SHOCK   Symptoms similar to dengue fever plus, any one of the following:   (1)               Severe and continuous pain in abdomen; (2)               Bleeding from the nose, mouth and gums or skin bruising; (3)               Frequent vomiting with or without blood; (4)               Black stools, like coal tar; (5)               Excessive thirst (dry mouth) (6)               Pale, cold skin (7)               Restlessness, or sleepiness

Can you get dengue again after suffering from it once? : 

Can you get dengue again after suffering from it once? Dengue can occur because of 4 different but related strains of dengue virus. If a person has suffered from one virus, there can be a repeat occurrence of dengue if a different strain is involved subsequently.

Can I get dengue fever from another person? : 

Can I get dengue fever from another person? Dengue does not spread directly from person to person. It is only spread through the bite of an infected mosquito.

More facts about treatment : 

More facts about treatment Like most viral diseases there is no specific cure for dengue fever. Antibiotics do not help. Paracetamol (can be purchased without prescription) is the drug of choice to bring down fever and joint pain. Other medicines such as Aspirin and Brufenshould be avoided since they can increase the risk of bleeding. Doctors should be very careful when prescribing medicines. Any medicines that decrease platelets should be avoided.

Can dengue fever become dangerous? : 

Can dengue fever become dangerous? Virus effects bone marrow, causes reduction of WBCs and Platelets Cause damage to the blood vessels. The damage may range from increased permeability of the blood vessels, causing leakage of blood fluid/plasma into various organs to completely broken blood vessels that causes bleeding

When should a patient suffering from Dengue go to the hospital or consult a doctor? : 

When should a patient suffering from Dengue go to the hospital or consult a doctor? Generally the progress towards dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome occur after 3-5 days of fever. At this time, fever has often come down. This may mislead many of us to believe that the patient is heading towards recovery. In fact, this is the most dangerous period that requires high vigilance from care-givers.

Is there a vaccine to prevent dengue fever? : 

Is there a vaccine to prevent dengue fever? A vaccine has been developed to prevent dengue fever but it is still under trial. It is not yet available in the market.

What should I do to prevent this infection? : 

What should I do to prevent this infection? There is no way to tell if a mosquito is carrying the dengue virus. Therefore, people must protect themselves from all mosquito bites. Dengue mosquitoes bite during the day time throughout the day. Highest biting intensity is about 2 hours after sunrise and before sunset. Wear full sleeves clothes and long dresses to cover as much of your body as possible. Use repellents- be careful in using them in young children and old people. Use mosquito coils and electric vapour mats during the daytime also to prevent dengue. Use mosquito nets to protect children, old people and others who may rest during the day. The effectiveness of these nets can be improved by treating them with permethrin (pyrethroid insecticide). This bed-net is called Insecticide Treated Nets and are widely used in the prevention of malaria.

Some more facts : 

Some more facts Dengue fever in Infants is less serious No study on dengue fever and pregnacy done but no effects found in newborn, pregnant mother may need blood transfusion for platelets loss Nursing mother should not feed her baby during dengue infection Virus like the warmer climate and disappears in winters

In Pakistan : 

In Pakistan First outbreak in Pakistan was in 1994 Probably came from Thailand and Malaysia

Data from sindh 11/11/06 : 

Data from sindh 11/11/06 In Karachi Patients brought =3270 Patients diagnosed as having dengue virus positive =1227 Patients died of dengue fever/dengue HF =33 In Interior sindh Patient died =4

The End : 

The End Hope U have a Nice and Mosquito bite Free Day