Slide 1:11/16/2009 1 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER PRESENTED BY: Chinmay pattanayak Santosh Kumar Ttipathi Suresh Kumar Dhal Prasansit Datta Siddheswar Maity


EV0LUTION OF THE COMPUTERS :11/16/2009 2 EV0LUTION OF THE COMPUTERS THE ORIGIN OF COMPUTER WAS AT CHINA AROUND 500B.C. THE CHINESE MADE FIRST DEVICE CALLED “ABACUS”. THIS DEVICE REPRESENTS NUMBERS BY POSITION OF THE BEADS ON A RACK. SIMPLE AMD RAPID ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION CAN BE CARRIRD OUT BY POSINING THE BEADS APPROPRIETLY


Slide 3:11/16/2009 3 MODEL OF ABACUS


Conti………………. :11/16/2009 4 Conti………………. IN 1642 A FRENCH MATHEMATICIAN “JHON NAPIER” MADE A DEVICE CALLED AS “NAPIOUS BONE” THIS DEVICE CAN MAKE CALCULATION FOR MULTIPLICATION OF LARGE NUMBER.


Schickard’s Calculator :11/16/2009 5 Schickard’s Calculator Napier’s Bones


Conti……. :11/16/2009 6 Conti……. IN 1823 CHARLES BABBAGE WORKING AS A PROFESSOR IN LONDON MADE THE FIRST WORKING MODEL OF COMPUTER. HE IS KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF DIGITAL COMPUTER.


Babbage’s “Difference Engine” :11/16/2009 7 Babbage’s “Difference Engine”


COMPUTER GENERATION :11/16/2009 8 COMPUTER GENERATION FROM 1946 ONWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN TO 5 TYPES . FIRST GENERATION(1946-59) SECOND GENERATION(1959-65) THIRD GENERATION(1965-71) FORTH GENARATION(1971 to Present) FIFTH GENARATION (Present & Beyond)


Slide 9:11/16/2009 9


FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER :11/16/2009 10 FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER IN THIS PERIOD -COMPUTERS WERE BULKY IN SIZE -DEVELOPED ON VACCUME TUBE -THESE WERE FASTEST IN CALCULATION. -NEEDED LOTS OF SPACE TO INSTALL


Slide 11:11/16/2009 11 STORAGE DEVICE-MAGNETIC DRUM HAVING 1KB MEMORY MACHINE AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGES WERE USED Eg.-ENIAC,EDVAC


DISADVANTAGES :11/16/2009 12 DISADVANTAGES BIGGER SIZE TO INSTALL VERY COSTLY LOW SPEED AIR CONDITIONED REQUARIED FREQUENT HARDWARE FAILURE UNRELIABLE


Slide 13:11/16/2009 13 Second Genaration OF Computer(1959-65) The second Generation saw important developments at all level of computer system design ,form the technology use to built the basic circuits to the programming languages use to write scientific application.


Features of 2nd generation in computer :11/16/2009 14 Features of 2nd generation in computer Electronic transistors. Punched cards. Punched cards & Paper. Magnetic tapes. Human supports.


Advantages of 2nd Generation in Computer :11/16/2009 15 Advantages of 2nd Generation in Computer Size. Heat generation. Reliable. Action.


Disadvantages of 2nd Generation in Computer :11/16/2009 16 Disadvantages of 2nd Generation in Computer Air-condition. Maintenance. Difficulty & costly.


Slide 17:11/16/2009 17 Third generation(1965-71)


Slide 18:11/16/2009 18 Technology used: Integrated circuit (IC). Memory capacity: 32000 to 4 million character. Execution speed: Up to 10 million instruction per second. Language: High level. E.g: UNIVAC-100 & Burroughs-7700. Features


ADVANTAGES :11/16/2009 19 ADVANTAGES More reliable than second Generation. Improved soft ware support. Smaller & Faster than second Generation. Less power consumption than second generation. Low maintenance cost. Commercial production was easier.


FOURTH GENERATION :11/16/2009 20 FOURTH GENERATION 1970 – Present VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) device are used. It contains hundreds of thousands of components onto a single silicon chip. ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration ) increased the number of components to millions. This led to the development of Microprocessor or a processor on a chip.


Conti….. :11/16/2009 21 Conti….. MICROPROCESSORS


Conti…… :11/16/2009 22 Conti…… First microprocessor ‘INTEL 4004’ produced by Intel in 1971, located all the components of the computer, from CPU and memory to Input/Output controls-on a single chip.


Conti….. :11/16/2009 23 Conti….. Followed by 8008,8080,8086 and 8088 etc. Intel 8088 circuitry


Conti….. :11/16/2009 24 Conti….. Other companies developing microprocessors included Motorrola (6800,68000), Texas Instruments and Zilog. IBM launched its first PC based on the 8088 and 8086 microprocessor in 1981. In 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh .


ADVANTAGES :11/16/2009 25 ADVANTAGES Small in size. High speed. Large memory. Low cost machine. Less power consumption. Negligible heat generation. It led to the development of internet.


FIFTH GENERATION :11/16/2009 26 FIFTH GENERATION


Slide 27:11/16/2009 27 9/21/2008 THANKS