CLEANLINESS IN RAILWAY PREMISES

CLEANLINESS IN RAILWAY PREMISES : 

CLEANLINESS IN RAILWAY PREMISES Dr.S.S.Rathaur CMS-Ahmedabad

What is Cleanliness ? : 

What is Cleanliness ? Cleanliness, we are told, is akin to godliness, and dirt may be called a child of the evil

Responsibilities : 

Responsibilities Sanitation means maintaining a clean environment so that the beneficiaries stay in neat and hygienic environment. The modern scientific term is Environmental Engineering.

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Railway stations, colonies and all work places are to be maintained in a hygienic and clean manner and adequate care is to be taken at the planning stage itself.

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Sanitation services are to be provided in all the railway premises including the railway colonies, railway stations, circulating area, railway yards, offices, coaches and the track.

Multi disciplinary job : 

Multi disciplinary job As per joint circular of Western Railways: Medical Department: maintains the sanitation at Major railway colonies where Health Inspectors are posted. Commercial Department : maintains other minor colonies, stations and also the Goods Offices, Parcel offices, etc.. Mechanical Department :looks after the sanitation and cleanliness of the coaches. Civil Engineering Department : does so for the yards, track and underground drains, sewerage & storm water drains . Janitor : who has staff working under his control looks after the sanitation in big offices. Sanitation of the bulk of the 8000 Railway Stations on Indian Railway are under Commercial Department.

COLONIES IN ADI DIV : 

COLONIES IN ADI DIV MAJOR COLONIES Ahmedabad area-all colonies e.g. Shahi Baugh, Asarva, KKF, VTA, Gandhi gram etc Gandhidham, KDLP Palanpur Mehasana Himatnagar Viramgam Dhangdhra Radhanpur

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MINOR COLONIES NVBJ MALB Bhiladi Kalol All other colonies at stations where there are neither Railway Medical Officer nor Health Inspectors are head quartered

Health inspectors : 

Health inspectors

SEPTIC TANKS & DUG WELLS : 

SEPTIC TANKS & DUG WELLS

SANITATION CONTRACTS : 

SANITATION CONTRACTS AHMEDABAD AREA 1.SBI-NC- door to door collection in a tractor of AMC 2. Gandhi gram- -do- 3. SBI-OC- containers placed by AMC 4. Shahi Baugh- -do- 5. Asarva- -do- 6. Saraspur -do- 7. Kalupur -do- 8. Maninagar -do- 9. Vatva -do- Brick & mortar dustbins are banned by AMC

GIM AREA : 

GIM AREA 1. GIM- contract with tractor trolley 2. KDLP- -do- 3. Bhuj- -do- 4. Maliya- departmental 4. DHG- containers placed by municipality OTHER COLONIES 1. PNU- contract with bullock cart 2. Bhiladi- -do- 3. RDHP- -do- 4. MSH- tractor from municipality provided 5. VG- -do- 6. HMT- -do- 7. KLL- containers placed by municipality

NIGHT SOIL DISPOSAL SYSTEMS : 

NIGHT SOIL DISPOSAL SYSTEMS 1. Sewerage system is appropriate only where underground sewerage system exists e.g. Ahmedabad area 2. Septic tanks 3. Dug wells & Aqua privy

Septic Tank-How it works? : 

Septic Tank-How it works? Septic tanks are the ideal, economical and trouble free sewage bio-digesters. The term “septic” refers to the anaerobic bacterial environment that develops in the tank and which decomposes the waste discharge into the tank. A septic tank is basically a vessel buried underground, the purpose of which is the collection, storage, and to some limited extent, treatment of sewage.

Functions of Septic tank : 

Functions of Septic tank Removes solids from liquid. The sludge and scum are retained and break down while the clarified effluent (liquid) is discharged to the drain field for soil absorption. Provides biological treatment. Natural processes break down the solids and liquids by bacterial action. The breakdown occurs in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions). The anaerobic conditions are referred to as "septic," giving the tank its name. Stores scum and sludge. The solids accumulate in the bottom of the tank to form sludge. The scum is a partially submerged mat of floating solids and grease. Scum and sludge are digested over time and compacted into a small volume

Septic Tanks : 

Septic Tanks Modern septic tank system is an on site disposal method. Use of septic tank without follow-up treatment is not permitted, as the effluent from the septic tank is hazardous from the point of view of health and pollution. Since, it is usually not possible to provide soak pit/filter bed in built up urban areas, septic tank system would not be appropriate in such areas.

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Soak pits / drain field is a must for proper functioning of a septic tank

CARE OF SEPTIC TANK : 

CARE OF SEPTIC TANK Regular septic tank care requires de-sludging every 3 – 5 years. The size of your septic tank, the amount of use and the kind of products you allow into your drains will determine how often your septic tank will need to be de-sludged.

What not to put in your septic tank? : 

What not to put in your septic tank? Uncontrolled use of disinfectants or chemical cleansers,. Industrial or other potentially toxic effluents. Coarse, non-degradable solids such as coffee grounds, cigarette butts, facial tissues, plastic bags, bottle tops, sanitary towels and nappies & condoms antibiotics, pesticides, herbicides, Bleach or caustic soda or inorganic materials such as paints, solvents etc.

What is a Soak pit? : 

What is a Soak pit? The soak pit is an underground soil treatment system, which receives partially treated sewage from the septic tank. It is imperative that effluent from a septic tank is not discharged into a river, open drain etc as it is by no means, in terms of health, fit for animal or human consumption.

Capacity of Septic tanks : 

Capacity of Septic tanks The capacity of the septic tank should be such as to take care of the variations, in the flow. A detention period of 24 to 48 hrs. for tanks serving less than 50 persons and a period of 10 to 18 hrs. for tanks serving more than 50 persons are generally adopted.

Cleaning of septic tanks : 

Cleaning of septic tanks The septic tank should be constructed in 2 compartments to facilitate cleaning of one while the other is in use. A bottom slope of 5 to 10% towards inlet is recommended. Septic tanks should be cleaned when a large quantity of sludge has collected in the bottom of the tank. The interval of cleaning should not normally exceed 12 months.

Types of toilets recommended : 

Types of toilets recommended (i) Where an underground sewerage system can be connected, use a 'flush' type toilet as under- Residential Toilets With no water shortage Cistern flushing, (use good quality cisterns, preferably the newer Models using less than 3 gallons Water). Residential toilets With water shortage 'Coach' handle flushing Non-residential toilets. 'Coach' handle flushing. However, for toilets in retiring rooms, rest houses same type as for residential toilets (ii) Where an underground sewerage system available :In build-up areas or in all other areas where soak pits or filter beds are not feasible- Bio-latrines In sparsely inhabited stations Bio-latrines or septic tank system (coach handle type flushing should be used) (iii) In case of urinals, automatic flushing cisterns should not be used and only dripping ferrules may be used All septic tanks, if not provided with prescribed soak pit/ filter bed, must be provided with these or if possible, converted into digesters by minimising the flushing so that the same tank can provide clear minimum 30 days retention (in addition to the space for digestion at the bottom).

PROBLEMS FACED : 

PROBLEMS FACED 1-RANK VEGETATION Radhanpur Viramgam Loco colony

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2-COVERING OF MAN HOLES Improper & unsafe covers

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3- NIGHT SOIL PIPES BROKEN Minor problem but major nuisance Palanpur colony

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4- FAILED SEPTIC TANKS No cover, no outlet, no sluice valve, no soak pits, ? Septic tank No outlet

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5- DEBRIS NOT REMOVED Can’t sweep, water collection in rains & mosquito breeding& rank vegetation grow up

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6- POOR GRADIENT OF DRAINS No free flow, hence stagnation & mosquito breeding

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7- STORM WATER DRAINS Never cleaned before monsoon- flooding of colonies

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8- IMPROPER WATER STORAGE TANKS Iron tanks can’t be treated chemically & can’t be cleaned properly

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9- LEAKING WATER PIPELINES Contamination of piped water supply, dog & pig nuisance, mosquito breeding

11. WATER PIPELINES CROSS DRAINS : 

11. WATER PIPELINES CROSS DRAINS Water pipeline passing through & across an open drain

12. SURFACE PIPELINES : 

12. SURFACE PIPELINES Hinder movement of tractor in colony & get broken

13. NO PROPER DRAINS : 

13. NO PROPER DRAINS Collection of water & mosquito breeding

14. NO PARAPET ALONG OPEN DRAINS : 

14. NO PARAPET ALONG OPEN DRAINS Drains get buried in soil

15.NO CHAMBERS : 

15.NO CHAMBERS Drains passing under the roads should have chamber with a mesh to prevent its chocking

16. TRESS PASSING : 

16. TRESS PASSING Non-Rly residents dump their garbage into open drains

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SOLUTIONS

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1. JOINT INSPECTIONS & COMPLIANCE Joint inspections by IOW & HI should be done every month & defects rectified at their levels Joint inspections by Sr DMO-Hlth & AEN/DEN should be done in problem areas Joint inspection by CMS & Sr DEN(HQ)/ Sr DEN should be done if problem is not solved at lower level

2.MECHANISATION : 

2.MECHANISATION Sluice pumps to clean Dug wells & Septic tanks Biological digestion of sludge of Dug wells & Septic tanks-trial done in VG & found successful-planning to implement at other places too. Trolleys for garbage collection & transportation to dustbins-under distribution to all HI’s

3. IMPROVED ENGINEERING : 

3. IMPROVED ENGINEERING Readily available Ever clean Septic tanks at Bindal Tech. Dehradun. Large colonies should have Sewage system of its own or connected to existing municipal sewage systems Dug wells should be double with a Y connection Drains with proper gradient No large open drains Septic tanks with soak pits & sluice valves

3. IMPROVED ENGINEERING : 

3. IMPROVED ENGINEERING Boundary walls around all colonies Debris free colonies Periodical planning & change of old pipelines, water tanks & repair of drains in phased manner All open drains be covered Timely repair of roads Removal of rank vegetation after monsoon

4.USER EDUCATION : 

4.USER EDUCATION POLYTHIN FREE Colonies No use of acid & detergents in toilets with Septic tanks & Dug wells No open defecation in colonies Cooperation with door to door collection Segregation of garbage as degradable & non-degradable Use of leaves & plant cuttings to make Bio-compost in the garden No burning of coal, leaves & wood in the colony No encroachment in colonies be permitted No cattle breeding & pig breeding in colonies Health education sessions in the colony Shram-daan by residents once a month to clean their colonies Colony leaders to ensure discipline among residents

THANKS FOR LISTENING : 

THANKS FOR LISTENING