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Optical Computing :Optical Computing Nitika suri


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INTRODUCTION :INTRODUCTION With the growth of computing technology the need of high performance computers has significantly increased. Optical computing was a hot research area in 1980’s.But the work tapered off due to materials limitations i.e. Using light, instead of electric power, for performing computations. This choice is motivated by several features that light has: •It is very fast. •It can be easily manipulated •It is very well suited for parallelization.


Why we Use Optics for Computing? :Why we Use Optics for Computing? What’s wrong with electronics? Miniaturisation can lead to cross talk Speed of electrons in matter Solid medium limits both speed and magnitude Build up to heat 30 cm length of wire produces ~ 1 ns delay Low bandwidth interconnections What’s right with Optics? Light doesn’t suffer from the electronic time response No need for insulators Optical communication: Multiplexing and different wavelengths with no interference Low signal loss, large bandwidth. Compact, lightweight, inexpensive


What is Optical Computing? :What is Optical Computing? Computing with Light not Electricity Can be: Entire optical computers Optical/electronic hybrids Huge multidisciplinary research area Maths, Physics, Materials Science, Computer Science, Electronic engineering etc.


OPTICAL COMPUTER :OPTICAL COMPUTER Uses the PHOTONS in visible light or infrared ( IR ) beams, rather than electric current, to perform digital computations.


OPTICAL COMPUTER :OPTICAL COMPUTER Bright flashes of laser light can be sent hundreds of miles along fine strands of specially made glass or plastic called OPTICAL FIBERS.


OPTICAL FIBER :OPTICAL FIBER


OPTICAL COMPUTER :OPTICAL COMPUTER Instead of transistors, such a computer will have TRANSPHASORS.


OPTICAL COMPUTER :OPTICAL COMPUTER Beams of light can crisscross and overlap without becoming mixed up.


OPTICAL COMPUTER :OPTICAL COMPUTER The arrangement of connections and switches would not have to be flat, as in an electronic computer. It could be placed in any direction in space, allowing totally new designs in information processing.


POTENTIAL OF OPTICAL COMPUTING :POTENTIAL OF OPTICAL COMPUTING A ‘primitive’ Optical chip 100,000,000 gates (108) Nanosecond switching speeds (10-9) Capable of performing 1017 bit operations per second Optical computers could be much faster Data traffic will get a non-electronic solution, Worldwide data traffic growing by 100% each year Terabit speeds are required – optical can provide


An Optical Chip :An Optical Chip


MERITS :MERITS Optical storage will provide an extremely optimized way to store data. Super fast searches through databases. No short circuits, light beam can cross each other without interfering with each other’s data. Higher performance Higher parallelism Less heat is released Less noise More Flexible in layout Less loss in communication Massive improvements in highly parallel computation such as image processing Low manufacturing costs 100,000 times faster calculations


Progress in Optical Computing :Progress in Optical Computing Recent optical devices created: Optical logic gates optical switches Optical interconnections optical memory Switching device performance Speeds of 10-15 seconds Power requirements one millionth of a watt


DRAWBACKS :DRAWBACKS Materials require much high power Optical computing using a coherent source is simple to compute and understand, but it has many drawbacks like any imperfections or dust on the optical components will create unwanted interference pattern due to scattering effects. Optical components and their production is still expensive New expensive high-tech factories have to be built


FUTURE TRENDS :FUTURE TRENDS The Ministry of Information Technology has initiated a photonic development program. Under this program some funded projects are continuing in fiber optic high-speed network systems. Research is going on for developing new laser diodes photo detectors nonlinear material studies for faster switches.


Conclusion :Conclusion Two directions of development: Same architecture with optical components (realistic) All functions in optical mode (ambitious) Many new possibilities High performance computing, high speed communications, parallel algorithms Optics and its implications will have a big affect on the future of computing Possibly big changes to software development


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