Esteem Needs :Esteem Needs Kelsey Thompson


Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs :Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs


Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs :Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, The higher needs such as Esteem and Self-Actualization cannot be satisfied until the lower needs are. Once Physiological, Safety, and Social Needs have been satisfied, a person can concern themselves with their Esteem Needs There are two kinds of esteem: Internal (self-esteem) and external.


Esteem Needs :Esteem Needs Internal Esteem Self-esteem Self-respect Achievement External Esteem Social Status Recognition Reputation Attention


Anger and Hostility Proneness in Correlation with Stability and Level of Self Esteem :Anger and Hostility Proneness in Correlation with Stability and Level of Self Esteem Individuals with Low Self Esteem: Reported to have Highest tendencies toward anger/hostility proneness Reflect positive but fragile feelings of self-worth


Distinguishing between Level and Stability of Self-Esteem :Distinguishing between Level and Stability of Self-Esteem Self Esteem level: people’s representations of how they typically feel about themselves Self Esteem stability: the extent of short-term fluctuations that people experience in their feelings of self-worth


Anger and Hostility Proneness in Correlation with Stability and Level of Self Esteem :Individuals with Stable Self Esteem: Reported to have lowest tendencies of Anger/hostility proneness Reflect positive and secure feelings of self-worth Anger and Hostility Proneness in Correlation with Stability and Level of Self Esteem


What does it mean to have unstable self-esteem? :What does it mean to have unstable self-esteem? Reflects fragile and vulnerable feelings of self-worth that are affected by internally generated and externally provided evaluative information Highly ego involved in their everyday activities Heightened reactivity to daily events --Kernis and Waschull (1995)


What does it mean to have unstable self-esteem? :What does it mean to have unstable self-esteem? Individuals with unstable self-esteem encounter more frequent negative self-esteem-relevant events than do individuals with stable self esteem More responsive to the self-esteem-threatening aspects of aversive interpersonal (external) events This heightened reactivity often has negative consequences such as fragile self-esteem and depressive symptoms --Kernis and Waschull (1995)


Stability of Self Esteem and Depressive Symptoms :Stability of Self Esteem and Depressive Symptoms Harmful events (emotional, mental, and/or physical) can increase the likeliness of depressive symptoms, especially among people with unstable self-esteem “Clinical theory and observations suggests that people who are vulnerable to depression are susceptible to substantial downward fluctuations in their feelings of self-worth, particularly in response to negative events.” –Tennen &Affleck, 1993


Daily Hassles and Life Stressors :Daily Hassles and Life Stressors Among initially non-depressed individuals, failure on a college exam predicted increases in depression only among individuals with unstable self-esteem –Roberts & Monroe, 1992 As major life stressors increased, unstable self-esteem predicted greater depression among low-, but not high-, self-esteem individuals –Hokanson & Flynn, 1994


Daily Hassles and Life Stressors :Daily Hassles and Life Stressors Kernis et al. (1998) examined the extent to which stability of self-esteem, level of self-esteem, and daily hassles (e.g., not having enough time to do things, money shortages, interpersonal conflicts, etc.) predicted increases in depressive symptoms among college students across a 4-week period Increases in depressive symptoms were most evident among people who experience several daily hassles and who have unstable self-esteem People with unstable self-esteem react to failure by feeling incompetent or stupid.


Stability of Self-Esteem in the Classroom :Stability of Self-Esteem in the Classroom The more unstable a child’s self-esteem is, the less they want to challenge themselves This is because they are protecting themselves from failure and feeling incompetent by doing less than what they are capable of.


High and Low Self-Esteem :High and Low Self-Esteem High Self-Esteem Low Self-Esteem Positive feelings of self-worth Like, value, and accept themselves, even their flaws Do no require constant reassurance of themselves Experience everyday positive and negative situations without affecting feelings of worth Positive feelings of self-worth that are vulnerable to threat Require constant bolstering and protection through various self-protective strategies Do not like to see any weaknesses in themselves


Summary :Summary People with unstable self-esteem: Have heightened reactivity Have increased depressive symptoms due to daily hassles Have greater tendencies to overanalyze implications of failure Don’t think as highly of themselves Have a self-esteem-protective attitude


The End :The End