German Electoral System

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The Federal Republic of Germany :The Federal Republic of Germany The German Electoral System presented by Rainer Heufers Friedrich Naumann Foundation

The Federal Republic of Germany :The Federal Republic of Germany Presentation Overview Introduction: Geography, Economy & History The Political System The Electoral System Legislation on Political Parties

The Federal Republic of Germany :The Federal Republic of Germany Introduction to Germany: Geography, Economy & History

Germany :Germany Population: 82 million Capital: Berlin National language: German President: Johannes Rau Chancellor: Gerhard Schröder Federal Republic: 16 States Source: INTER-NATIONES: Übersichten: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Ihre Laender

Geography/Climate :Geography/Climate Germany is divided into: The North German Plain; The Central Upland Range; The Southwest German Central Upland Scarps; The South German Alpine Foreland; and The Bavarian Alps Climate is determined by its location in a climatic zone of temperate weather conditions with frequent weather changes. There is precipitation all the year round. Progressing from the northwest to the east and southeast, the maritime climate gradually changes into a more continental climate. The annual mean temperature is around 9°C. Source: INTER-NATIONES: Übersichten: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Ihre Laender

Rivers & Urban Settlements :Rivers & Urban Settlements Major rivers are the Danube, the Elbe, the Oder, the Weser, and the Rhine. Other large cities Hamburg, 1,703,800 Munich, 1,251,100 Cologne, 963,300 Frankfurt, 656,200 Essen, 619,600 Dortmund, 601,500 Stuttgart, 592,000 Düsseldorf, 573,100 Bremen, 551,000 Hanover, 526,400 Duisburg, 536,500 Largest city Berlin 3,471,418 Source: INTER-NATIONES: Übersichten: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Ihre Laender

Land Use :Land Use 47% 9% 8% 6% 30% Forest Lakes, Rivers & other green areas Roads Buildings & paved areas Agricultural Land Uses Source: INTER-NATIONES: Übersichten: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Ihre Laender

Natural Resources & Industrial Location :Natural Resources & Industrial Location Coal Coal Salt Large industrial area Oil Source: INTER-NATIONES: Übersichten: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Ihre Laender

Economy :Economy Germany has the world's most technologically advanced economy after the US and Japan. Balanced distribution of economic development across regions. Balanced income distribution across society. Regulation of the labour market and a costly social system reduce the overall competitiveness of Germany’s economy. The integration and upgrading of the eastern German economy remains a costly long-term problem (annual transfers from the west amount to roughly €100 billion). Political and economic integration of Europe brings opportunities and challenges to the German economy; i.e. with the adoption of the common European currency, Germany no longer has its own currency, and thereby less control over the economy, as the Bundesbank is no longer able to set interest rates.

GDP by Industry 1999 :GDP by Industry 1999

History 1945-1961 :Occupation zones History 1945-1961 West Germany (US, French & British zones) East Germany (Soviet zone) Source: INTER-NATIONES: Übersichten: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Ihre Laender

Berlin Wall 1961-1989 :Berlin Wall 1961-1989 1961 Construction of Berlin Wall 1969 Social Democrat (SPD) Willy Brandt becomes Chancellor Seeks better ties with USSR and East Germany 1989 Mass exodus of East Germans Berlin Wall torn down

Reunified Germany :Reunified Germany 1990 Reunification First All German Election (12th electoral term) CDU/FDP coalition (3rd term of Chancellor Kohl) In 1991 Parliament names Berlin the new capital 1994 General Election (13th electoral term) CDU/FDP coalition (4th term of Chancellor Kohl) 1998 General Election (14th electoral term) SPD/Green Party coalition 2002 General Election for 15th electoral term