Genomics & Proteomics :Genomics & Proteomics


Genomics :Genomics Study of an organism's entire genome. The field includes intensive efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping efforts. Proteomics The study and Systematic analysis of protein expression of normal and diseased tissues that involves the separation, identification and characterization of all of the proteins in an organism


Biochemical context of proteomics and Genomics :Biochemical context of proteomics and Genomics


DNA contains the instructions needed for a living organisms grow and function. :DNA contains the instructions needed for a living organisms grow and function. It tells cells exactly what role they should play in the body. It holds instructions to make your: Heart cells beat. Limbs form in the correct place. Immune system fight infection. Digestive system digest your dinner.


Slide 5:Genomics Functional Genomics Structural Genomics Positional cloning


Functional Genomics :Functional Genomics Ambitious high-throughput approach to understanding the genome Highly automated Studies how genes and other sequences of DNA act in relation to the entire organism


Comparative Genomics :Comparative Genomics Meaning information gained in one organism can have applications in other Even distantly related organisms. Circle of genes Synthetic relationships


Comparative Genomics :Comparative Genomics Analyzing DNA sequence patterns of different organisms side by side to identify genes and determine functions Looking for similar genes in different species to determine possible relationships and genomic variations


STRUCTURAL GENOMICS :STRUCTURAL GENOMICS Sequence organization. Assigning loci to specific chromosomes. High-resolution chromosome maps. Physical mapping of genomes. Genome sequencing. Using genome maps in genetic analysis.


Proteomics “branches”: :Proteomics “branches”: – Proteomic analysis (analytical protein chemistry) • Characterization of proteins and their post-translational modifications – Expression proteomics (differential display proteomics) Profiling of expressed proteins using quantitative methods – Cell-mapping proteomics (cataloging of protein-protein interactions) • Identification of protein complexes


Used approaches: :Used approaches: – Gel-based proteomics – Mass spectrometry driven proteomics – Protein arrays, Yeast two-hybrid arrays,... etc.


Gel-based proteomics :Gel-based proteomics • “Older" approach to screen the protein expression at the large scale • The typical flow of gel-based proteomics (2DE & MS) – Sample preparation – First-dimension isoelectric focusing (IEF) – Second-dimension SDS-PAGE – Visualization & evaluation – Expression analysis – Protein identification by MS


Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) :Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) • 1st dimension separation based on the pI of proteins • 2nd dimension separation based on the molecular weight of proteins • Several visualization/detection possibilities