Deepak Humane Euthanasia of Animals

Pharmacology : 

Pharmacology Seminar on Techniques of blood collection Routes of drug administration Techniques of Euthenasia in lab animals submitted to prof. V. Suresh.HOD. Dept. of pharmacology. JKKMCP

Humane Euthanasia of Animals Introduction : 

Humane Euthanasia of Animals Introduction The killing of animals used for scientific purposes is a very sensitive issue and requires special consideration to ensure that animal anxiety and fear is reduced to a minimum. Euthanasia is defined as killing painlessly. Animals are euthanased in laboratories or breeding establishments for the following reasons: • At the termination of studies, to provide tissues for scientific purposes. • When pain, distress or suffering are likely to exceed designated levels. • Where the health or welfare of animals are grounds for concern. • When animals are no longer used for breeding. • When stock are not required for certain reasons, such as sex preference utilisation

Objectives of Euthanasia : 

Objectives of Euthanasia To meet the objectives of euthanasia procedures must: • Avoid distress and produce rapid loss of consciousness until death occurs. • Be reliable, reproducible and irreversible. • Be appropriate for age, species, and health of the animal. • Require minimum restraint. • Be compatible with the objectives of the study. • Be simple to administer. • Be safe for the operator. • Be aesthetically acceptable to the operator, where at all possible.

Personnel Training : 

Personnel Training Personnel must have training and be skilled in how to handle the species involved, how to apply the euthanasia method being used in a way to minimise stress in animals, and to able to recognise and confirm death in the species they are working with.

Recognition and Confirmation of Death : 

Recognition and Confirmation of Death Recognition of death may be made by cessation of heartbeat and respiration, absence of reflexes, including corneal and palpebral reflexes, loss of colour in mucous membranes, and glazing of eyes. If any doubt occurs concerning the fact that death has occurred a second euthanasia technique should be used to ensure the death of the animal.

Location of Euthanasia and Disposal of Carcasses : 

Location of Euthanasia and Disposal of Carcasses Animals should be killed in a clean quiet environment, away from other animals where possible. Death must be established before disposal of the carcass. Records should be kept. Where practicable, tissue from animals being killed should be shared among investigators and teachers. Dependent neonates of animals being killed must also be killed or provision made for their care. If immediate disposal is not available carcasses should be frozen. Where infectious organisms are involved appropriate disposal methods and disinfection practices prescribed by Australian Standards must be strictly adhered to. OGTR requirements must be met in their entirety.

Techniques of Euthanasia : 

Techniques of Euthanasia Techniques can be divided into: 1. Chemical, which is further subdivided into: a.Inhalant b.injectable 2. Physical eg. Cervical dislocation & Decapitation

Animals : 

Animals • Rats and Mice • Guinea Pigs • Rabbits • Dogs and Cats • Non-Human Primates

Rats and Mice : 

Rats and Mice Recommended Acceptable with Reservations CHEMICALS • Inhalant: Carbon dioxide (CO2 / O2 mix- 70%/30% optimal flowrate 20% of chamber volume /min) preceded by Isoflurane • Injectable: Pentobarbitone sodium i/p (200mg/Kg) PHYSICAL • Cervical dislocation (Rats heavier than 150g to be anaesthetised first) • Decapitation

Guinea Pigs : 

Guinea Pigs Recommended Acceptable with Reservations CHEMICALS • Inhalant: Carbon dioxide , Halothane(4%) • Injectable: Pentobarbitone sodium i/p(90mg/kg) PHYSICAL • Cervical dislocation

Rabbits : 

Rabbits Recommended Acceptable with Reservations CHEMICALS • Inhalant: Halothane • Injectable: Pentobarbitone sodium i/v or i/p(60mg/kg) PHYSICAL • Captive bolt Neck dislocation or decapitation following anaesthesia

Dogs and Cats : 

Dogs and Cats Recommended Acceptable with Reservations CHEMICALS • Inhalant: Halothane, Carbonmonoxide(3%) • Injectable: Pentobarbitone sodium i/v or i/p(150mg/kg) PHYSICAL not recommended

Non-Human Primates : 

Non-Human Primates Recommended Acceptable with Reservations CHEMICALS • Inhalant: Carbon dioxide preceded by isoflurane (Marmosets only) • Inhalant: Halothane, Carbon monoxide • Injectable: Pentobarbitone sodium(60mg/kg) PHYSICAL: not recommended

Recommended volumes for drug administration : 

Recommended volumes for drug administration

Commonly used anesthetic drugs for lab animals : 

Commonly used anesthetic drugs for lab animals

Slide 16: 

THANK YOU Deepak.T.S Submitted by