Blood Borne Pathogens

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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENSANNUAL UPDATE : 

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENSANNUAL UPDATE Non-Healthcare Responders

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENSOSHA Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030) : 

2 BLOODBORNE PATHOGENSOSHA Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030) Provides requirements to employer Requires identifying at-risk employees Requires training for at-risk employees Requires retraining annually Requires HBV vaccination opportunity Requires a written exposure control plan

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS : 

3 BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS Bloodborne: carried by and lives in human blood (or other body fluids or substances) Pathogen: A micro-organism (virus, fungus, or bacteria) that can cause disease

TYPES OF PATHOGENS : 

4 TYPES OF PATHOGENS Virus: parasitic microscopic protein material (DNA or RNA) covered by an envelope of lipoprotein - nonliving Bacteria: one-celled living organism Fungi: single and multi-celled plants Yeast: one celled, oval shaped fungus Mold: fungi

ILLNESSES PATHOGENS CAUSE : 

5 ILLNESSES PATHOGENS CAUSE Virus: Measles, Colds, Mumps, Influenza, Polio, Hepatitis A, B, & C, AIDS, Measles, Herpes Bacteria: Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Typhoid, Tetanus Yeasts & Molds: Meningitis, Asthma, Allergies

HOW PATHOGENS ENTER THE BODY : 

6 HOW PATHOGENS ENTER THE BODY Ingestion Punctures, cuts, abrasions and other and non-intact skin Mucous membranes Mouth, nose, and eyes Sexual contact

HEPATITIS A VIRUS : 

7 HEPATITIS A VIRUS Acquired primarily through the fecal-oral route - NOT A BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN The “restaurant” kind of hepatitis Causes an infection of the liver Cannot be distinguished from other hepatitis forms without testing

HEPATITIS A VIRUS : 

8 HEPATITIS A VIRUS Can be stable for up to 18 months Heating foods above 180º F. for 1 minute will kill Good hygiene (washing hands) can prevent infection A 1:10 solution of household bleach is a good and inexpensive disinfectant

SYMPTOMS OF HAV : 

9 SYMPTOMS OF HAV Flu-like, fatigue, appetite loss Colon ulcers and inflammation Lung disease, anemia increase Jaundice, liver problems Fever, acne, and joint pain

HEPATITIS B VIRUS : 

10 HEPATITIS B VIRUS Very contagious, dangerous infection 100 times more contagious than HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

HEPATITIS B VIRUS : 

11 HEPATITIS B VIRUS Contracted from contact with blood, blood products, and other body substances Some people are carriers and never get sick, but can infect others

HEPATITIS B VIRUS : 

12 HEPATITIS B VIRUS Affects different individuals differently No cure, but there are preventive vaccines Cannot be identified from other forms without testing

SYMPTOMS OF HBV : 

13 SYMPTOMS OF HBV Flu-like, fatigue, appetite loss Colon ulcers & inflammation Lung disease, anemia increase Jaundice, liver problems Fever, acne, and joint pain

HEPATITIS C VIRUS : 

14 HEPATITIS C VIRUS A viral infection of the liver Spread by contact with blood (or other potentially infectious materials) of an infected person Current risk rate is 1:10,000

HEPATITIS C VIRUS : 

15 HEPATITIS C VIRUS Once contracted, over 70% cases become chronic Cannot be identified from other forms of hepatitis without testing No preventive vaccine available yet

SYMPTOMS OF HCV : 

16 SYMPTOMS OF HCV Flu-like, fatigue, appetite loss Colon ulcers & inflammation Lung disease, anemia increase Jaundice, liver problems Fever, acne, and joint pain

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) : 

17 HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) Spread by exchange of human blood, human blood products, or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) Attacks the body’s immune system May take years to show positive signs

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) : 

18 HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) Usually develops into AIDS AIDS never kills Death is caused by other infections Far less contagious than HBV

SYMPTOMS OF HIV : 

19 SYMPTOMS OF HIV Fatigue Night sweats Weight loss Gland pain or swelling Muscle and joint pain Fever

PREVENTION TECHNIQUES : 

20 PREVENTION TECHNIQUES Universal precautions or body substance isolation HBV vaccine & HBIG shot Engineering controls Work practice controls Personal protective equipment

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS : 

21 UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS Treat all human blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) as a possible source of contamination and infection

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS BODY FLUIDS : 

22 UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS BODY FLUIDS Human blood or products made from human blood Saliva in dental procedures Semen and vaginal secretions

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS BODY FLUIDS : 

23 UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS BODY FLUIDS Fluids surrounding body organs Any fluid containing human blood Any unidentifiable body fluid

BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION FLUIDS : 

24 BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION FLUIDS Nasal secretions Sputum Sweat or tears Vomitus Feces Urine

HBV VACCINE : 

25 HBV VACCINE Employer must always provide at-risk employees with the opportunity Employee must take shots or sign a declination form Three shots given over six months 95% effective and few after-effects HBIG shot after exposure only

ENGINEERING CONTROLS : 

26 ENGINEERING CONTROLS Any physical device or equipment used or installed to prevent occupational hazard exposure, illness, or injury Examples: gloves, eye wash stations, sharps containers, broom and dust pan

WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS : 

27 WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS The process and procedures used to assure work is conducted in a safe and healthy manner Examples: washing hands after wearing gloves, not reusing needles, always wearing eye protection in labs, never touching broken glass with bare hands

WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS : 

28 WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS Minimize splashing, spraying, misting, etc. Mouth suctioning of blood or other potentially infectious materials prohibited Proper decontamination and sterilization Cleanup care and maintenance of equipment

WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS : 

29 WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS No eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or lip balm, or handling contact lenses where there is a risk of contamination Proper and timely handwashing (the single greatest deterrent to any infection)

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT : 

30 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Latex gloves Gowns Aprons Face shields Masks Goggles Rubber coats Rubber boots CPR microshield Respirators

HOUSEKEEPING : 

31 HOUSEKEEPING Keep work area clean, dry, and uncluttered Follow regular routines in inspecting equipment Follow exposure control plan to clean spills or releases

HOUSEKEEPING : 

32 HOUSEKEEPING Keep storage areas free from hazards Properly label and handle hazardous materials and hazardous waste

BIOHAZARD WASTE DISPOSAL : 

33 BIOHAZARD WASTE DISPOSAL Biohazard bags must be florescent red, or if another color, labeled with black symbol on red background Sharps: put nothing but sharps (needles, broken glass, knives, scissors, etc.) in a sharps container

POST-EXPOSURE PROCESS : 

34 POST-EXPOSURE PROCESS Call emergency response Report exposure or suspected exposure to your supervisor To minimize exposure of others, isolate affected area

POST-EXPOSURE PROCESS : 

35 POST-EXPOSURE PROCESS If giving assistance, don appropriate PPE Disinfect yourself immediately Clean and disinfect accident area Properly dispose of regulated waste

REPORT INCIDENT IMMEDIATELY : 

36 REPORT INCIDENT IMMEDIATELY Report how, when, where, who, etc. Determine and include the source of blood if possible Describe events in as much detail as possible Submit report to your supervisor immediately

POST-EXPOSUREMEDICAL CARE : 

37 POST-EXPOSUREMEDICAL CARE If work related, care must be provided by the employer Only the victim’s medical records pertaining to the incident may be viewed as part of the follow-up Written report due to the employer from the health professional within 15 days

CAUTIONS AND REMINDERS : 

38 CAUTIONS AND REMINDERS Do not attempt to help beyond skill or expertise If the victim is conscious, let them control their own blood flow Never touch another persons blood or OPIM!