Hebrew Organization for Self Defence i

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Link Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gh7ItYyS9YY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFQ_HuIJf50 Zionism Moments IV Mesaros-Anghel Vasile Essay - Text Documentary V.1./2009

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Hebrew Organizations in self defense Yishuv (Hebrew community in Palestine)

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How to use Movie for learn the text The time visualisation per page is about 18 sec. ? To learn one page use ‘Pause Movie’ symbol: To continue use ‘Play Movie’ symbol To seek a selected page use ‘Movie Cursor’: How to use Slide Show for learn the text To learn one page use ‘ Click right’ and ‘Pause’ To continue use ‘Click right’ and ‘Next’ (forward) or ‘Previous’ (backward) or ‘PgUp’,’PgDn’ To seek a selected page use ‘Click right’ and ‘Go to Slide’:

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The Beginning ?It was born in Sarajevo in Bosnia. After a period of study in Jerusalem (where become advocates of teaching Kabbala) is return in Serbia, where leads a small Hebrew Sephard community in the town Semlim (Zemun), near Belgrade (1825). His name: Solomon Rabbi Yehuda Alkalay. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRF-FhCmHeA Alkalay, in his work of 1834, 'Shema Yisrael' ( 'Listen to the people of Israel') starts from the idea that you pray and deplores the Jew in exile to God by asking for expressions of His Force to be displaced again in ‘the Holy Land' should be replaced by an organized and supported financially for Return in Eretz Israel. The Return phenomenon of the Hebrew people in Palestine, coupled with the acquisition of land, is produced in 70 years, increasing the number of Hebrew in Palestine. The price was a degradation of relations between Arab and Hebrew in Palestine. The relationship of cohabitation between them is eroded by expansion of intolerance that is causing a massive movement of population. On the other hand an expression of disdain that those who have had the power (potentate Hebrew or Arab leaders ) to people who lead them towards God (either El: YHWH, Jesus, Allah.) Because leaders do not know how to govern otherwise have used HATE, INTOLERANCE and confrontations ... why? God only knows!. The result was the battle between Hebrews and Arabs, to survive in Palestine. ?

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The phenomenon of population development of self defense Yishuv (Hebrew population in Palestine) during 1918 - 1948 was long and with numerous' syncope ', caused both by the conditions existing during the British occupation (1918-1920), the British mandate over Palestine (1920 -1948), and that the Hebrew people of Palestine have no experience of extremist attacks, which began in 1920, against the Hebrew settlements in the region. To understand where they should have come, we? present some excerpts from 'World Zionist Organization Declaration' made on 03.02.1919, session Peace Conference in Paris: "I. Palestine should be placed under such political conditions, administrative and economic establishment that will ensure that the 'Hebrew National House' ... being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of the existing us - Hebrew in Palestine or the political rights enjoyed by the status of Hebrew in any other country ."... . II. Will forever be one the most complete freedom of religion for all religious creeds in Palestine. There is no discrimination among people with regard to citizenship and civil rights on grounds of religion or race. " Moments of Zionism (IV) Organizations Hebrew in self defense Yishuv (Hebrew community in Palestine) 1 ?

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"III. Palestine is not large enough to receive more than one of the Jews in the world. Most of the fourteen million, scattered through all countries must remain in their current locations ... House National Evreasca will be of great value to them ..., this will inspire millions of Hebrew, often before deznadajduiti, o noua speranta ... will have a high standard of living for our citizens Hebrew and Hebrew in places where they live " require setting the border is in the following coordinates: North: Mediterranean Sea south of Sidonie, on the capture of springs Lebanon Mountains (KARAON EL) EL BIRE fol- lowing the line of demarcation between the two basins: Wad El Kook and Wadi Et Teim, thence in a direction from line of demarcation between the eastern slopes of the Hermon and West. East: Hermon, NAHR MUGHANIYE following Hedjaz rail to the South Bay Akaba. South: to be negotiated with the Egyptian Government West: the Mediterranean ? The peace negotiations, the San Remo (Italy) will be final produce ‘Map of Sanremo 1920' for Palestine, which ensures a clear separation of the two areas (Hebrew and Arabic) with the Jordan River border. 2 ?

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This document reminds me of the essay 'Altneuland' (Our held) written by Theodor Hertzl in October 1902. He describes a Hebrew State with an economy based on new technologies, with a European culture with a developed social protection. A free country, with a complete freedom of religion, separate from political power, in which Jews and non Jews have equal rights: 'Hebrew State is not a country of national oppression but a place where the feeling of brotherhood and equality will prevail' ; wrote Hertl the visionary Zionist twenty years before this time. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwlVshHtK5Q) Premises were a resolution of the Jewish Return to the 'Promised Land', to form a multirasial state in which would be prospered both Jews and Arabs, with the technology and funds infused by the Jewish World. ?There were between 1918-1920 negotiations between Chaim Weitzmann, leader of the World Zionist Congress and Emir Feisal, the future king of Saudi Arabia. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxG7JwFsl70) In 6 February 1919 Emir Feisal, advocated in his speech before the Peace Conference, which requires independence of Arabian State, the agreement and a guarantee for Palestine: enclave of ‘Zionist Hebrew’. His hope was that Weitzmann support total the Arabs in their dispute with France for the Syrian coast, forming a ‘Semitic Alliance’ . Negotiations failed in 1920, once the starting 'Arab riots' in Palestine. 3 ?

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?Final strike given to the opportunity of cohabitation between Arab and Hebrew is done the British Empire. In 1921 77% of Palestine, is assigned to a new state: Arab Emirate of Jordan. Thus the UK ensure their control over a territory claimed by King Feisal of Saudi Arabia, giving him to a faithful Emir Hussein, the future King of Jordan. New state is supported, financially and militarily by the British Empire. Basically it was the right of the Jordan River, as the map was assigned to San Remo Map, to Arab population of Palestine. Tacitly Britain imposed a further division of the territory allocated Hebrew community (Yishuv) ... between Hebrews and Arabs - without the opportunity to establish a natural territorial boundary - the river Jordan. ?In 1922 the United Nations granted the British Mandate government over 23% of the territory remained of Palestina. Thus, the so-called "Pax Britanica" was the germ of long fight between Arabs and Hebrews of the territory under Teritoriul ramas sub Mandat Britanic (1922) Harta San Remo (1920) 4 ?

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British Mandate: on a territory not enough for each of the two peoples and the transformation of real social expectations in a bloody game 'of the cat and mouse' which is the almost one hundred years. ?Between 1920 - 1947 the rate of economic growth in Palestine was Hebrew to 13.2% (due to infusion of labor immigrants and capital) and 6.5% at Arabs. Graduation rate of normal schools and courses was 86% in Hebrew and 22% of Arabs. During this period the Arabs of Palestine were more evolved, their life is among the highest in the area, the second after the Arabs in Lebanon. From a UN statistic that in 1939, Jews in Palestine were ranked 15, the Arabs of Palestine ranked 30 (vs. Egypt - 33 Turkey - 35). It can be concluded that in terms of socio-economically, the two communities have evolved towards social welfare. Coexistence between the vast majority of Arabs and Jews "together" there, despite the Arabs extremism and later Jews extremism. 5 ?

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Paramilitary unit 'Bar Giora' - founded in 1907 - was the Hebrew clandestine organization, during the two-to Alya - emigration of 40,000 Hebrews in Ottoman Empire - Palestine - from 1904 to 1914 - the majority coming from Russia and Poland, countries where the social instability and pogroms against the Hebrew communities were 'blooming'. Nearly half of them leave Palestine during the First World War. ? Members of organization, about 100, had aimed to replace the Arab mercenaries. Hebrew pay Arabs to protect their properties. This promote penetration and theft on these properties (in which work was performed by the Arabs). Initiator has been a group of militants of the organization 'Poale Zion' - Hebrew Social Democratic Workers (Hebrew movement of workers, Marxist orientation , founded in Russia in 1901). Leaders were Itzac Ben-Zvi (the future second president of the Eretz-Israel in 1952) and Israel Schocat. They militate for a change in the optical core at the situation of that time: the result of investment bankers Edmond de Rothschild, in the period 1890 - 1910, was forming a blanket of small Hebrew landowner, owners of relatively large plantations. They use Arab agricultural workers and security guards, much 'cheaper' than the Hebrews immigrants . Consequence: during that period was Paramilitary unit 'Bar Giora' 6 ?

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a more accelerated growth of Arab population immigrated to Ottoman Palestine, than the Hebrew immigration. This migration will have major consequences in the interwar period: the purpose of increasing the number of Arabs workers - a source of 'cannon fodder' for Arab extremism. The phenomenon we meet today in European countries where extremism is recruiting Arab followers among Muslim immigration (coming to work instead of locals' more expensive '). In the East, is recruiting in Palestinian campuses of Arab refugees in Palestinian territory, Jordan, Iran ... Everywhere where there are Arabs living in poor conditions and hatred accumulated over a period of generations wander. ?For Hebrews, the only way to become a nation was, in Ottoman Palestine to work and defend their own land. Organization name was given as a symbol of Jewish independence, to name a leader of uprisings against the Romans since 68 c.e - Simon Bar Giora. They had a banner that quoted from the poem "Habiryonim (Yaakov Cohen): 'In blood and fire Judea fell, in blood and fire Judea will revive’. Members of the organization have experience in field work. Made agriculture and guard Galilee in the area Sejera and Mes'ha (Kfar Tavor). The organization will be integrated - 1909 - the organization 'Hashomer. 7 ?

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Paramilitary unit 'HaShomer' ('Man of the Guard' - 'Shomrim') - Founded in 1909 by Israel Shochat, Manya Shochat, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, Rachel Yanai, Mendel Portugali (founding members of the organization and 'Bar Giora'). The purpose of the service was to provide security for all communities in Hebrew Palestine (Yishuv), eliminating mercenaries Arab mercenaries, as many times uncertain. Dress port after Circazian, Bedouin or Druze. Acting on foot or horseback. Weapons were diverse: from the old turkish musketry, mauser pistols and hunting weapons. In such a panoply was almost impossible to obtain bullets. Were tepid rudimentary small workshops manufacturing ammunition. Code of Conduct (written by Mendel Portugal) was to chase the intruders in the Jewish lands by gunshots fired in the air. Using direct-fire was the intruder in the case of self defense. 8 ? Paramilitary unit 'HaShomer'

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Organization has been successful in Yishuv but aroused hatred Arabs former guards, which now incite people to attack Hebrew residents. Many veterans of the Hebrew settlements feared that the presence in the territory of Shomrim will destabilize the relationship of cohabitation with the Arab population. Ottoman authorities concerned with their suspicion. During the second World War many were exiled or killed in Anatolia. They are considered as potential members of British intelligence in the region - work less confirmed by the capture of the British 'Nili‘ group, led by Yosef Lishanski, Samuel Belkind, in which were 12 members HaShomer, but not the organization as a whole. After the First World War self defense group decide to unify in a single organization - 'Hagana'. Some of HaShomer members will join Hebrew Legion, others will join the mounted police, established by the British occupation in Palestine. 9 ? Ze'ev Jabotinski (Vladimir Evghenievici Jabotinski ) was born on October 18 1880 in Russia, in a family of Hebrew askenazi of the middle class, in Odessa. Next primary, secondary and high school in the education system czar. Learn Ivrid in particular. Ydis was the language they spoke in the family. Talent a journalist and it says in high school. Ze'ev Jabotinski

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After graduation will go in Berne and Italy (where is the Faculty of Law at the University of Rome) as a press correspondent of Russian and Hebrew newspapers. The pogrom of April 1903 in Chishinau Comment: The April 6, a Russian child is? found murdered in the town Dubossary. Local Newspapers anti semitic incitement to revenge against the Jews on the grounds that it would be a ritual murder - the blood to produce matzot of Easter - that was after he was killed by a relative ... Between 7-9 April Hebrew community of Chishinau is devastated: 49 dead, 59 seriously wounded, 500 wounded, 700 houses destroyed. Is no Czarist authorities, intervention during the pogrom. Manifest disdain towards the Jews is doubled along the order they are used as valve for discontents of majority population against the inefficient administration of the empire, hunger and generalized social misery of the Russian Empire. Ze’ev Jabotinski join the Zionist Movement. Soon says its talent how leader, orator and organizer. In the face of pogroms and abuse often at Hebrew population in the area, will start in Odessa and establish the first self-organization of Hebrew communities across Russia. As happened with some Zionist leaders [see the case of Theodor Herzl, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwlVshHtK5Q] he reached in conflict with the Hebrew local conservative leaders who postponed the process of concrete realization of the self defense teams. There were reasons both local pride and a fear of further retaliation to the Russian population. 10 ?

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The consequence was that the pogroms of the period 1904 - 1917 found Russian Hebrew communities unprepared for self defense ... As is picturesque, he change the first name of 'Vladimir' in ‘Ze'ev’ ( 'Wolf'). Also in the year 1903 became a member of the Zionist delegation from Russia to the six Zionist Congress in Basel. After the death of Theodor Herzl (1904), will be the leader of the right circle in Congress. In 1906, the Helsinki launches sentence autonomy local ethnic minorities, as an economic viability of maintaining social, cultural communities in Russia. Congress slogan: "Work now" refers to the whole community of life, modernization of the religious and secular schools Hebrew, the protection of people in communities. He has not only been a short time after the 1917 revolution in Russia. But Ze'ev Jabotinski extend this concept and the future coexistence between Arabs and Hebrew, in Palestine: "Every ethnic community will be recognized as autonomous and equal before the law." That has not been done is not his fault. ?In the years '30, he will become head of one of the most virulent extremist Hebrew units in Palestine: Irgun Zeva'i Le'umi (National Military Organization - Etzel, IZL - 1935). ?During the first World War,? with Joseph Trumpeldor will contribute to establishing a first auxiliary Hebrew battalion in British Army (1915), to be 11 ?

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distinguished in the battles at Gallipoli. You will then initiate the formation of the three battalions of the Legion Hebrew Hebrew is distinguished in the battles of the Jordan Valley (1918) and is decorated for bravery with "Order of British Empire members. After the war is the first elected legislative assembly of Yishuv (Hebrew communities in Palestine) and the Executive Committee of the World Zionist Organization. Participation in the defense of Jews during the Arab extremist actions in April 1920 - the first 'Arab Rascoala' in fact an order of Emir Feisal - the future king of Saudi Arabia - as discontent over the fall of Semitic Alliance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajsirnazrn0 ?Irgun organization founded - 1935 - militate for a virtually free immigration (legal or not) of Jews in Eretz Israel, the opposite way of the action promoted by Chaim Weitzmann (legal immigration). Irgun units will luipta against both Arabs and members of the British army on the mandate for the period 1940 to 1948. 12 ? Joseph Trumpeldor Joseph Trumpeldor was born on 1.12.1880 in the town of Pyatigorsk in Russia. His father, WULF Trumpeldor, served 25 years in the Russian army, being in the child band War in the Caucasus. In fights data loses an arm. Being among the few Hebrew families considered "useful Jew, his family was

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allowed to settle in the area outside the residence of the Russian Empire West (Pale area), outside which the Jews were forbidden to live. ? Joseph Trumpeldor came as a volunteer in the Russian Army in 1902. During the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), participated in defending the Port Arthur siege of the Japanese army. Loses his left hand but asked to continue fighting. After the conquest of the port is taken prisoner by the Japanese until the cessation of hostilities. Repatriated to Russia received four medals and orders' Cross of St. George. In 1906 also receives the captaincy rank in the army reserve of Czar (unique case - the Jews had no right to higher degrees in Russian army). ? He next Faculty of Law in St. Petersburg. In the year 1911 he made Alya with a group of young Zionist from Russia to Palestine (under the Ottoman occupation), where work on a farm. Participate in the creation of the first Kibbutz (agricultural socialist community): Degania. At the beginning of World War I, that does not accept Turkish citizenship, it is to be expelled from Alexandria (Egypt), along with other hundreds of Russian Hebrew origin (Russia are enemie of Turkey, allied with German and Austrio-Hungarian empires). This meets with Ze'ev (Vladimir) Jabotiski. Together form the basis of Hebrew Legion - a way to participate in the British war effort for the release of Palestina and Eretz Israel state building. Body is formed of Horse Zion unit (Zion mule Corp). 12 ?

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Participate in this unit (integrated in British Army) in the battles at Gallipoli. Is again wounded in the shoulder. This unit is disbanded in 1915. Together with Jabotinski moves two years for the establishment of Hebrew Legion (1917). ?In 1918 he return at Petersburg. This he form self defense squads of the Hebrew communites in acts of vandalism before the gangs that haunted Russia during the Civil War (1917 to 1921). In parallel organizations set up his young Hebrew preparing to come to Israel (HeHalutz). ?Returned to Palestine (1919) became a founding member of the Movement of Socialist Zionist Yishuv. He lives in Kibbutz Kfar Gilad where lead a self-Hashomer Hatzair area colony of Upper Galilee in Hebrew. On 1 March 1920, together with ten comrades, he comes to defend Kibbutz Tel Chai (Tel Hai). Dies, shot in the arm and stomach in the evening. ?He said about him: "I am an anarchist-communist and a Zionist." He militated for the formation of a trade unionist and socialist community of Hebrew in Russia. He contributed to the generation of movement for the establishment of settlements in Hebrew socialist organization (Kibbutz), which formed the backbone of the Jewish Return and units Haganah self defense, between 1920 – 1948. ?Members Zionist movement who were in Palestine at that time were considered episodes of Defense Hebrews in Tel Chai as the first major 13 ?

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battle to defend Hebrew settlements in Palestine. He also formed when changing mentality: from passivity to persecution to a new type: strong reaction and defense of their own resources, without waiting for others to come to give 'protection' (see the case - the British Mandate). ?Case Trumpledor hero is in itself demonstrative: from a family of Russian Hebrew 'assimilated' majority population, without knowledge of childhood Jewish tradition and Yiddish language. He went to war in the imperial Russian army, where many young Hebrew attempting to evade from service in Russian army. He excelled as a soldier to defend the citadel-Port Arthur. Seriously injured required to continue fighting. After that he is prisoner in Japan. Receives military honor - "St. George Cross” and is the first Jew officer in the Russian army. All they look at all the traditional image of the Jew : inhibited and timid in front of opponent. He stood up to the last gasp kibbutz Tel Chai and drop dead 'does not matter, it is good to die for your country' (lamut tov b'ad artseinu - words related to a comrade: Pinchas Shneiurson), words that became the national slogan for the fighters of Hagana, Irgun, Palmah, Lehi organizations and later to all the people of Eretz Israel. Marking the annual Tel Chai Day (11 Adar) was established in a ceremony at the national average - in institutions and schools, in pilgrimages. Title of 'hero amputate' (ha-ha-gibor gidem) make it glory. 14 ?

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Day becomes a celebration of Hebrew anonymous soldier, after the establishment of Eretz Israel. The 'ritual' secular linked to personality of this new type of behavior the Hebrew people, was essential in forming the Eretz Israel and the behavior of reference for the thousands of 'Trumpledor' heroes and heroine who sacrifice in the battles for territorial identity, which followed. Hebrew Legion Hebrew Legion - Created in 1915 from 500 Russian Hebrew origin, expelled from Palestine to Egypt by the Turks. Led by Ze'ev Jabo- tinski and Joseph Trumpeldor is officially recognized in 1917 as Battalion 38. Will later include Hebrew in Palestine, Hebrew come from Russia reached more than 1,000 combatants. When he added, in April 1918 consisting of 39 Battalion. Hebrew came from the U.S. and Canada. Legion fought on the front in the Middle East, led by General Allenby, until the end of hostilities. At the end of the war have herd: 5000 soldiers in 5 battalions. According to statistics, made by Ze'ev Jabotinski: 34% were from the U.S., 30% of Palestine, 28% UK, 6% from Canada, 1% in Argentina. In June 1918, volunteers from 38 Battalion began fighting with the Turkish army, about 20 mile north of Jerusalem, the Jordan Valley. 15 ?

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Hebrew legionnaires participated in the battle of Megiddo in mid September 1918. They crossed the Jordan River by fighting, and were engaged in decisive battle of the conquest of Damascus. ?After the victory, most fighters were? demobilized in November 1918. Some of them returned to their country of origin. Few have been established in Palestine to support Alia-ua Jews in Eretz Israel. Hebrew Legion army is maintained in the size of a British battalion, called 'First Judeans' badge with a distinctive sign' Menor '(six candle arms) and the slogan' Kadima '(' Next '). In 1921, Legion veterans are allocated land and desert, north of where Neghev founded mosavul Avihayil. Subsequently abandoned because of lack of water source. Will be embedded in 1946 in the mosav Ein HaOved inhabited by the Hebrew Russia, Canada and the United States. There is now a museum of the Legion and the Veterans Legion club. The Beginning of Arab extremism mouvement in Palestine - 1920 Extremism in Arab Palestine has its roots in the “Directive" given by Emir Feisal after the fall of negotiations between him and Chaim Weitzmann. Immediately after this time are the first Arab revolt (4 April 1920) during the Spring Festival Nabi Musa (in Arabic "The prophet Moses" - the celebration of Muslim prophet 16 ?

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in Palestinian folklore, for seven days - was in a pilgrimage to Jerusalem to prophet tomb (regarded by the Arabs was in town Jeriho area). Pilgrimage was established by Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (Saladin) in the years 1150 to counteract the Christian holidays of Easter in Jerusalem: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajsirnazrn0 After three days of confrontations: 5 Hebrew dead, 211 injured, 4 dead Arabs, 21 Arabs injured, seven British soldiers killed. Three hundred Hebrews eject are ( 'clear') in the Old City. Paradoxically, they were attacked homes of Orthodox Jews - bitter enemies of the Zionist movement ... during the commemoration of the Palestinians Arabs prophet Moses ... Ze’ev Jabotinski is arrested for weapons possession and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment. Sent to jail in Egypt and then to Accra.Under the pressure of Jews in England and America is switching to a year sentence. Are closed at 200 participants rebellion, 39 of which the Hebrews. One of the most important consequences of rascoalei in 1920 was that the? Jews of Yishuv) have realized that the defense from the British occupation is uncertain in the face of Arab revolt. They reacted putting into practice the idea of self paramilitary units to ensure a consistent response to the attacks Arab extremists on the land of Palestina. So take birth in 1921 paramilitary units' Haganah ‘ (' Defense ‘, in ivrid, ' HaHaganah '). These units will be accepted 17 ?

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volens nolens of the British mandate. This organization will convert into regular military units of the Israeli army after independence the Eretz-Israel (14 May 1948), in 28 May 1948. Paramilitary unit 'Haganah' - 'HaHaganah' - 'Protection' British troops in the reaction sequence of the Arab revolt of 1920 -1921, the lack of conflict between Arab and Hebrew and to eli- minate gangs of Arab extremists, led leaders of Yishuv (Hebrew communities in Palestine) to establish units of self defense throug- hout Palestine. Originally formed by former members of the Jewish Legion, the organization protecting farms (moshav and kibbutz), prevent people about possible imminent attacks of gangs, intervene in fights with these people. During 1920 -1929, Haganah has led lack of central coordination. Tenants could defend as Hagan and members of the intervention was often late. In 23-24 August 1929 is Arabs attack to Hebrew Community of Hebron, located 30 km from Jerusalem. It is the place where is located the tombs of Patriarchs and the place where King David was invested. Population (Arabic and Hebrew) coexistence of over 800 years. After 1920, as in all Palestine, minor incidents provoked by Arab extremists were daily. 18 ?

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Daily complaints were addressed by the Jews to the British Mandate over Palestine (1921-1948). August 15 is a demonstration in Jerusalem that claimed the young Hebrew right to pray at the Western Wall remnant of the Temple of Jerusalem (under the Esplanada of Mosque Al'Aqsa, built by Abd al-Malik and completed by his son al-Walid in 705 c.e.). Demonstration, approved by authorities, and ensured the maintenance of order, was used by Arab extremists (the rumors that have been attacked local Arabs and were utter abuse to Prophet Muhammad) to trigger the days that followed, attacks Jews on the Western Wall. A young Jew is killed. His funeral turns into new moments of confrontation. Meeting of British, Arab, Hebrew leaders (Commissioner Harry Luke, Jamal al-Husayni, and Yitzhak Ben-Zvi) does not lead to a feasible solution. As Hagan have information that will be attacked Jewish settlement in Hebron offer their support to the defenders. The Community of Hebron refused support by claiming that they will be protected by the local Arab (A'yan). Comment: It is significant Member Hagan, Baruch Katinka, who arrived in Preziosi massacre of 12 fighters (10 men and 2 women) in his home Eliezer Dan. Slon Dwek banker refuses help because the Arabs, his creditors, will defend the Hebrew. Ten of them, then follow the other two are sent back to Jerusalem. Extremists launched rumor that Jews would attack Al'Aqsa Mosque. Gangs have attacked the Hebrew people in Hebron and the territory under the British 19 ?

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20 ? Mandate. In Hebron there were 40 police officers (39 Arabs and a Jew). In the afternoon the day is attaked Yeshiva (Jewish school) in Hebron (a young person is killed). A two-and three-day Arabs attacked the Hebrew, house pets. Place ferocious crimes, mutilations, rapes. Much of the Hebrew fleeing from the city, many of them are hidden by their Arab neighbors. Aid required to Jerusalem come too late. Totals: 67 Hebrews dead, Hebrew inhabitants stolen property, the community of Hebron disbanded in Hebron (with minor restoration attempts in 1931 - 160 people back, but again evacuated during the Arab revolts 1936-1937) until the war of 1967 . In total, 195 Arabs and 34 Hebrew were sentenced by the courts of the mandate. Death sentence for 17 Arabs and 2 Hebrew, but were later switched to prison terms. Three Arabs were hung. Were offered financial compensation to families who had died by amending Arab villages which originated from criminals ... ?After 1929 is reorganized by Haganah enrollment of volunteers in each location, throughout, and young adults (as an example: Ariel Sharon was 13 years' observer ‘ of the emergence of groups of bandits in moshav Kfar Malal, they lived. In 17 years in Haganah troops). Are purchased weapons and organized in the Hebrew settlements small craft workshops for making ammunition and grenades. Hagan becomes a powerful military 'underground' organization. In 1936 Hagana have 10,000 fighters and 40,000 reserve. During 1936-1939 they participated actively against Arab extremist.

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British authority not recognized officially Hagan, but its members work with members encompassing Hagan Auxiliary Units in the British Special Forces patrol (trained and led by British colonel Orde Wingate). They receive a full military training. Hagan members were dissatisfied with the leadership position in Hebrew Yishuv, restraint (havlagah) not to initiate against attacks the localities from which came the extremist gangs. Irgun directly supports illegal emigration, some examples: 1937 - 164 illegal immigrants in Austria 1938 - 1940 in Poland and Austria; 1939 - 1980 in Poland and Romania 1940 - 2300 in Europe 1940 to 1944 - 18,000 in Europe In turn has formed the Lehi group (1940) (known as the "Stern Gang" after the name of the leader, Abraham Stern). Irgun and Lehi organizations will attack until 1948, British military objectives and centers of Arab extremism. Some of them:6.11.1944 - Lehi kill Lord Moyne in Cairo. It was official with the highest level of British government in the area. Later, Yitzhak Shamir said that the assassination was led for his Arab extremist leaders support and affirmation in public of racial inferiority of Jews from Arab. 21 ?

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22.07.1946 - Irgun blow up the 'King David‘ hotel in Jerusalem, Staff of the British army: 91 dead 46 wounded. 12.01.1947 – Lehi attacked with dynamite British police station in Haifa. 4 dead and 140 wounded. 4.05.1947 - Irgun attacked fortress prison Accra. 20 prisoners Irgun and Lehi 7 prisoners are released. Are killed 9 Irgun fighters. 182 Arab prisoners manage to escape. 29.02.1948 - Lehi blow up a British militar train at Northern Rehovot: 28 soldiers dead, 35 wounded. 9.04.1948 and Lehi attacked the Arab town of Deir Yassin. Are killed between 100-120 civilians. 17.09.1948 Lehi kill UN mediator Folke Bernadotte, in Jerusalem. ?In 1939 British authorities set severe restrictions on Jews emigration in Palestine. That when the extermination of Jews began  6 years earlier in Germany and soon will expand throughout Europe, with the German occupation. Hagan takes care to ensure illegal Jews coming to Palestine (Palmach organization). By the end of the war, claimed to bring over 100,000 Hebrew, in which ships have broken the British naval blockade of Palestine. Many other ships were stopped, both British and German naval forces (see, for example ship 'Struma'). 22 ?

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He held numerous protest actions against this ad hoc coalition between the German and British, by reducing the rate of legal immigration. Organizations Irgun and Lehi pass to armed action, Attaks communication lines, facilities and representatives of British and Arabs. Since 1943 the leadership of the Irgun is taken Menahem Beghin. Palmach military units Start of the second World War the British determined to ask the Jews of Yishuv to contribute military units to the war effort.  Are formed Palmach military units, herds of Hagan. In total 12 companies (3 battalions), 19 May 1941. Palmach members were recruited mostly from Kibbutz people, which had a strong mutual and collective education. They held the agricultural work and were mobilized according to the actions of military units belonging. They represented the tip of the spear self defense military Yishuv. Shares had a wide range: from supporting regular English troops to military action espionage, those selected were very good knowledge of Arabic language and customs of the area. After the battle of El'Alaim, Palmach units are removed by British army, but maintain cohesion in underground. Each Kibbutz provide food and accommodation of a platoon of fighters. They provided security and worked side by side with members of Kibbutz's work field. Each have 8 days of military 23 ?

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training, 14 days for agricultural work, 7 days off. This organization provides flexibility for self defense actions and facilitate the recruitment of new members of the settlements (Kibbutz and Moshav) raising funds for the organization for armament Hagan, formation of military trained fighters and morally motivated Zionist. ?Zionist Youth Movement has agreed that every young person to perform, aged between 18 and 20 years, training by members of Palmach: sports exercises, field orientation, first aid, operations detachment of self defense training with light weapons. Most were trained in performance handling explosives and sabotage, espionage and reconnaissance, communications and radio Morse, using heavy weapons. It made firing with weapons available. So many of them ready to become members of the Nahal settlements (settlements, military reinforcement, also called 'tower and stockade', which will be implanted on the main routes of access Hebrew settlements) in the years after the Declaration of Independence (15.05.1948) . ?Between 1945-1946 Palmach units will attack the British infrastructure: bridges, railroad lines, police stations and radar.s. ?In 29.06.1946 units in the UK conducted an extensive operation to disarm Hebrew units of self defense: Haganah, Palmah, Irgun, Lehi (the number of British soldiers involved, estimated between 10,000 and 25,000). 24 ?

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Operation was a retaliation to an attack by rail (1.06.1946 - Lehi) and six officers abduction (17.06.1946 - Irgun). Were seized hundreds of weapons, mortars, grenades and thousands of hundreds of thousands of munitions related. Were arrested in 2500 by fighters and leaders. In negotiations that followed the release and exchange switching of death of Hebrew fighters and Palmach Hagana agreed stopping hostilities. They have continued sporadically by Irgun and Lehi. Palmach had a role in countering gangs of Arab fighters, who in turn preparing the removing of Jews from Palestine by triggering Civl War between Arab and Hebrew (1947-1948). ?In the War of Independence (1948-1949) Palmach was established three combat brigades led by Yigal Alon. They fought with regular armies of five Arab countries (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria). ?The structure and cohesion of staff? and Hagan were Palmah nucleus around which was founded, the new state army Eretz Israel. Drivers Palmach unit, among which we mention: Yigal Allon, Moshe Dayan, Yitzhak Rabin, Haim Bar-Lev, Uzi Narkiss, Ezer Weizman will become political and military leaders in the new State Eretz Israel. 24 ?

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Civil war between Arab and Hebrew 1947 - 1948 It started after 30.12.1947, the date on which the United Nations (General Assembly Resolution 181 UN) established on 14.05.1948 as the date of termination of the British mandate in Palestine and approved. Plan to share Palestine after mandate ended. Each state? would comprise three major sections, and the Arab enclave Iaffa. ?Jews get 56% of territory (499,000 Hebrews and 438,000 Arabs). ? Palestinians receive 42% of territory (818,000 Arabs and 10,000 Hebrew). ?Jerusalem and Bethlehe were to be administered by the UN. UN decided that by that time the British Mandate and British military units had the role to ensure order in Palestine. 25 ? Arab State Hebrew State ONU Map 1947

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Time produced a great joy among the Jews of Yishuv and despair among Arabs. Neither the UK was not satisfied. ?Competition circumstances or premeditated strategy, applied to the scheme that was supposed to demonstrate that the territory was of neguvernat 'by itself' - to provoke a civil war between Hebrew and Arabic in Palestine ... the use of the tense of the two communities. They re-start violence. Population of 2,000,000 (Arabic and Hebrew) has sustained thousands of human losses, the dead and wounded in this fight between 'cousins'. ?Were involved, fighters of Palestine and beyond. Arab Liberation Army and the extended local area attacks Jews. Arab fighters from Egypt came under the command of Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, a face without any reaction from the British army ... the thousands of volunteers recruited Arabs have achieved the blockade of 100,000 Hebrew in Jerusalem. Hagan attempts to send food and to break the blockade has resulted in thousands of Hebrew warriors, dead and wounded, hundreds of armored cars and buses destroyed. Arab attacks extend Negev and Galilee in the North. The Hebrew defend each pocket of land.? Arab propaganda convinced that Jews would soon be 'thrown into the sea‘. A hundred thousand of Palestinian Arabs refuge in camps outside of Palestine. 26 ?

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British Gouvernement proposed annexation Palestinian area in Arab Transiordania (the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan) ... Ben Gurion asked that every man and woman to be trained and incorporated into military units Hagan. Golda Meir obtain huge funds from Jews in the Diaspora and official support for Stalin for Zionist Movement. Are produced significant quantities of military equipment through the raising of arms exporters and Hagan agencies in Europe. They go to the theater of battle to March 1948. Ygal Yadim made plan a response to the announced invasion Arab international Palestine (Plan Dalet). Between 5-20 April 1918 is to unlock the battle of Jerusalem, and killed Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni. Also during this time the population is Arab massacre of Deir Yassin (organizations Irgun and Lehi), which, combined with the death of the leader Arabic (Egyptian), causes a new wave of Palestinian immigrants, 'caught in the middle' and depressed the inefficiency of the facts weapons of its leaders. Is the defeat of the Arab Liberation Army from Mishmar HaEmek (Kibbut; basic training units Hagan since 1942) by units Palmach fighters and the withdrawal of Arab alliance with Druze. To ensure the link between the Jewish settlements, and Hagana Irgun troops conquer towns Tiberias, Haifa, Safed, Beisan, Jaffa, crab. Another 250,000 Palestinians Arabs take out his exile. Hope those remaining was the Arab Legion of Jordan, well-equipped and trained by the British. This attack Kfar Etzion on May 13 1948. 27 ?

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?In 14 May 1948, David Ben-Gurion declared independence Israel. On the same day, the invasion by troops of the five Arab states begin first Arab-Israeli war. ?In 31.05.1948 In Hagana and Palmah formally declared 'Israeli Defense Force' - IDF, becoming a regular army of the State Eretz Israel. Thus ends with lights and shadows, the history of the movement of Jewish self defense of Yishuv (Palestine) for 41 years. A story worthy of being told of any nation, friend or foe of the Hebrew people, because: ?Is an example of adaptation and organization at a rapid initial unfavorable - numerical superiority and hatred Arab extremists, since 1920, to a population (Jews of Yishuv) morally and militarily not prepared for military struggle. ?Is a mix of individual heroism of the group of Hebrew fighters. If you die a leading five other were ready to take the lead. To die if an Arab leader (where Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni) to neutralize an army instantly. After many years, another Arab military leader - Osama bin Laden will incorporate 'Jewish experience' to the troops in Al Quaid ... ?Is a mobilization of funds and logistical resources of the Community of Jews in the world, well managed by different Hebrew belief, the same purpose: Returna on ancestral lands. What people would like to have such a group of leaders and organization to weather the tribulation! 28 ?

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Conclusions author: A resolution as logical in YHVH's view, GOD, ALLAH and his prophets, so the utopian vision of the people of yesterday, today and maybe not tomorrow, could be: ?Christian and Muslim peoples to realize through their spiritual leaders and policies that in the Hebrew People started forming the People of God - the first prophets of monotheism in human civilization. The first Apostles of Christianity were http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTDNCYisdms Hebrew. Due to their Christianity a 'foam' in a hundred years at the Roman Empire, then by their followers from all nations, "to the ends of the earth. (Comment: l-apostles asked Jesus: 'The time has come to restore the Kingdom of Israel?' Response was: 'We gave you is to know when and when. But you will receive a Force: that the Holy Spirit, which will down on your beings. Then you'll my witness, in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, by the end of the Earth (Acts p.1.7.) ?‘Qurran' recognize the 12 Patriarchs, Moses, Elijah and Jesus as prophets of Allah you. Hebrew people to be aware of the spiritual leaders and their? policies that, over the History of 2000 years or transmitted through its representatives, The Ten Commandments of monotheism Iudaica the whole earth, to all nations, and thus ' people of God ‘ has become universal. 29 ?

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Not renounce their own sons who have made the flame of social concepts Deuteronomy - Social Laws of Moses to become a standard of conduct both peoples Christian, Muslim, and the ' imported ‘ to other religions (Buddhism, Shintoism ....) interaction by becoming spiritual engine of modern mankind. ?Spiritual dowry that claim, quite rightly, people are a common origin: "It is more love to give than to receive” (the words of Apostle Paul to his departure from Ephesus to Jerusalem). Mesaros - Anghel Vasile / June 2009 30 ?

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Mesaros –Anghel Vasile Jewish Born Christian Baptised For find other works / same author: ? go to Google ? Type : mesarosanghel youtube Select Or ‘double click’ on Adress: Mesaros-Anghel Vasile Contact : Post Restant Oficiul Postal Nr. 38 Str. Teiul Doamnei nr. 19 Cod Postal 023573 Sector 2 Bucuresti Romania E-mail: vmesarosanghel@yahoo.com Mobil: 0731507381, 0720347745 To my Mother: Thaci Raisa Gherschovici http://www.scribd.com/doc/16032647/Drocket-OPIS-of-mesarosanghels-Adress-on-YOUTUBE-and-SCRIBD-sites ?