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Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: Grammar Exchange Conjunctive Adverb May 11th G Grammar / Spring 2009 Hiro Reference : “COMMUNICATE WHAT YOU MEAN” “Dave’s ESL Café” Slide 2: General Usage of Conjunctive Adverb; Conjunctive adverbs join complete sentences (independent clauses) and express a logical relationship between the ideas in the sentences. Conjunction adverb cannot join single words, phrases, and incomplete sentences (dependent clauses) Types of Conjunctive Adverb; Contrast Addition Cause / Result Condition Time Sequence Slide 3: however ; However indicates contrast. A) Conjunctive Adverb of Contrast Example : Men smoke less than in the past; however, the number of women who smoke is increasing. however, nevertheless, still ; These can show that the second sentence is going to give an unexpected result or be in contrast to the previous sentence. Example : Studies show that cigarette smoking is dangerous to one’s health; however (or nevertheless, still) millions of people continue to smoke. on the contrary ; On the contrary also indicates contrast, but it usually connects two sentences that express idea that are clearly the opposite of one another. It used when the second sentence contradicts the first sentence. Example : Our last exam was not difficult; on the contrary, it was easy. Slide 4: moreover, furthermore, in addition ; The second sentence is going to give additional information. They add to the idea in the first sentence. B) Conjunctive Adverb of Addition Example : Barbara’s biology professor encouraged her to go to graduate school; moreover (or furthermore, in addition) , he nominated Barbara for a graduate scholarship. besides ; Besides often adds another reason for an action. Example : Barbara majored in biology because she was fascinated by the subject; besides, she knew it would help her get a high-paying job in the future. in fact ; In fact adds emphasis to the idea in the first sentence. Example : Barbara passed all her examinations; in fact, she graduated with honors. Slide 5: therefore, consequently, as a result ; These state the result of the idea in the first clause. C) Conjunctive Adverb of Cause/Result Example : I can’t speak French very well; therefore (or consequently, as a result), I didn’t enjoy my trip to France. hence ; Hence also states the result of the idea in the first sentence, but it is more formal in tone. Example : There have been fewer factory orders for new airplanes; hence, many employed in the building of airplanes are fearful of losing their jobs. thus ; Thus often states a logical conclusion. Example : Air fares are going down; thus, more and more people are able to afford air travel. Slide 6: otherwise ; If the first sentence is affirmative, otherwise is similar in meaning to if one does not. If the first sentence is negative, otherwise is similar in meaning to if one does. D) Conjunctive Adverb of Condition Example : We must find solutions to the problems of pollution; otherwise, we may all be wearing gas masks one day. Example : Don’t be absent from class; otherwise, you will miss the review. Slide 7: then, afterward, later ; Then , afterward and later state the next action to the first sentence. E) Conjunctive Adverb of Time Sequence Example : The protesters gathered a few miles from the downtown. Then they marched toward City Hall. The police asked the marchers to stop before they reached City Hall. Afterward the police began to arrest some of the demonstrators. At first, I was going to join the demonstration; later, I changed my mind. Slide 8: Practice 1 Please fill in the blanks using an appropriate conjunctive adverb. It rained very hard; ( ), the game was canceled. Meg was exhausted; ( ), she went to bed as soon as she got home. Jill is wonderful at math, ( ), it’s not her favorite subject in school. I’d like to buy a new computer; ( ), I can’t afford one right now. Susan is working full-time; ( ), she is taking college classes. Linda had the flu and should have stayed home; ( ), he went to work. You need to hurry; ( ) we’ll be late for work. therefore consequently on the contrary however nevertheless In addition Slide 9: between two sentences ; A semicolon is used at the end of the first sentence, and a comma follows the conjunctive adverb. Position and Punctuation of Conjunctive Adverb Example : I’m studying English in Denver; however, my best friend is in Houston. beginning of the second sentence ; A period ends the first sentence, a capital letter begins the second sentence, and a comma follows the conjunctive adverb. Example : I’m studying English in Denver. However, my best friend is in Houston. within the second sentence ; The conjunctive adverb usually precedes the main verb or the auxiliary verb, preceded and followed by commas. Example : I’m studying English in Denver. My best friend, however, is in Houston. end of the second sentence ; The conjunctive adverb is preceded by a comma. Example : I’m studying English in Denver. My best friend is in Houston, however. Slide 10: Practice 2 Please punctuate the sentence. Add comma, period, semicolons. In some parts of the United States there is a shortage of water thus residents in these areas can water their lawns only every three days. Local government urge the residents of these cities to use water conservatively otherwise there will not be enough water for everyone. Water is not the only kind of shortage many American cities have in fact some cities have electric power shortage during the summer. Scientist believe that heat from the sun is an important new source of energy they realize that solar technology is still in its infancy however. ; , ; , ; , , Slide 11: Appendix : List of conjunctive adverb You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Conjunctive Adverbs aisorao Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 758 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: May 11, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: modydania (24 month(s) ago) hello .I m kindly requesting your presentation. can you please send it on windania@hotmail.com thank you Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: modydania (24 month(s) ago) your presentation is really interesting .can you please send it to windania@hotmail.com thank you Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: Grammar Exchange Conjunctive Adverb May 11th G Grammar / Spring 2009 Hiro Reference : “COMMUNICATE WHAT YOU MEAN” “Dave’s ESL Café” Slide 2: General Usage of Conjunctive Adverb; Conjunctive adverbs join complete sentences (independent clauses) and express a logical relationship between the ideas in the sentences. Conjunction adverb cannot join single words, phrases, and incomplete sentences (dependent clauses) Types of Conjunctive Adverb; Contrast Addition Cause / Result Condition Time Sequence Slide 3: however ; However indicates contrast. A) Conjunctive Adverb of Contrast Example : Men smoke less than in the past; however, the number of women who smoke is increasing. however, nevertheless, still ; These can show that the second sentence is going to give an unexpected result or be in contrast to the previous sentence. Example : Studies show that cigarette smoking is dangerous to one’s health; however (or nevertheless, still) millions of people continue to smoke. on the contrary ; On the contrary also indicates contrast, but it usually connects two sentences that express idea that are clearly the opposite of one another. It used when the second sentence contradicts the first sentence. Example : Our last exam was not difficult; on the contrary, it was easy. Slide 4: moreover, furthermore, in addition ; The second sentence is going to give additional information. They add to the idea in the first sentence. B) Conjunctive Adverb of Addition Example : Barbara’s biology professor encouraged her to go to graduate school; moreover (or furthermore, in addition) , he nominated Barbara for a graduate scholarship. besides ; Besides often adds another reason for an action. Example : Barbara majored in biology because she was fascinated by the subject; besides, she knew it would help her get a high-paying job in the future. in fact ; In fact adds emphasis to the idea in the first sentence. Example : Barbara passed all her examinations; in fact, she graduated with honors. Slide 5: therefore, consequently, as a result ; These state the result of the idea in the first clause. C) Conjunctive Adverb of Cause/Result Example : I can’t speak French very well; therefore (or consequently, as a result), I didn’t enjoy my trip to France. hence ; Hence also states the result of the idea in the first sentence, but it is more formal in tone. Example : There have been fewer factory orders for new airplanes; hence, many employed in the building of airplanes are fearful of losing their jobs. thus ; Thus often states a logical conclusion. Example : Air fares are going down; thus, more and more people are able to afford air travel. Slide 6: otherwise ; If the first sentence is affirmative, otherwise is similar in meaning to if one does not. If the first sentence is negative, otherwise is similar in meaning to if one does. D) Conjunctive Adverb of Condition Example : We must find solutions to the problems of pollution; otherwise, we may all be wearing gas masks one day. Example : Don’t be absent from class; otherwise, you will miss the review. Slide 7: then, afterward, later ; Then , afterward and later state the next action to the first sentence. E) Conjunctive Adverb of Time Sequence Example : The protesters gathered a few miles from the downtown. Then they marched toward City Hall. The police asked the marchers to stop before they reached City Hall. Afterward the police began to arrest some of the demonstrators. At first, I was going to join the demonstration; later, I changed my mind. Slide 8: Practice 1 Please fill in the blanks using an appropriate conjunctive adverb. It rained very hard; ( ), the game was canceled. Meg was exhausted; ( ), she went to bed as soon as she got home. Jill is wonderful at math, ( ), it’s not her favorite subject in school. I’d like to buy a new computer; ( ), I can’t afford one right now. Susan is working full-time; ( ), she is taking college classes. Linda had the flu and should have stayed home; ( ), he went to work. You need to hurry; ( ) we’ll be late for work. therefore consequently on the contrary however nevertheless In addition Slide 9: between two sentences ; A semicolon is used at the end of the first sentence, and a comma follows the conjunctive adverb. Position and Punctuation of Conjunctive Adverb Example : I’m studying English in Denver; however, my best friend is in Houston. beginning of the second sentence ; A period ends the first sentence, a capital letter begins the second sentence, and a comma follows the conjunctive adverb. Example : I’m studying English in Denver. However, my best friend is in Houston. within the second sentence ; The conjunctive adverb usually precedes the main verb or the auxiliary verb, preceded and followed by commas. Example : I’m studying English in Denver. My best friend, however, is in Houston. end of the second sentence ; The conjunctive adverb is preceded by a comma. Example : I’m studying English in Denver. My best friend is in Houston, however. Slide 10: Practice 2 Please punctuate the sentence. Add comma, period, semicolons. In some parts of the United States there is a shortage of water thus residents in these areas can water their lawns only every three days. Local government urge the residents of these cities to use water conservatively otherwise there will not be enough water for everyone. Water is not the only kind of shortage many American cities have in fact some cities have electric power shortage during the summer. Scientist believe that heat from the sun is an important new source of energy they realize that solar technology is still in its infancy however. ; , ; , ; , , Slide 11: Appendix : List of conjunctive adverb