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Role of Dairy Cattle in Small Holder Dairy-Vegetable Integrated System in Up Country Wet Zone of Sri Lanka By Jeyamalar,J and Ibrahim,M.N.M

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Dairy Production Systems of Sri Lanka Up Country dairy production systems -Estate based dairy farming system -Village based dairy farming system Mid Country Kandyan forest garden system Wet lowland production system Dry lowland production system

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Village based dairy farming system - Integrated vegetable dairy production system Temperate vegetables Continuous and intensive cultivation -Temperate dairy cattle - Recycle nutrients - Imports nutrients - Semi intensive System -Tethering/Grazing

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• Cultivated land size <1acre • Manure is the primary purpose • Organic manure- beginning of cropping season • Lime application – correct pH

Materials and Method : 

Materials and Method ? Research Site : Up Country Wet Zone of Sri Lanka ? 60 vegetable farmers Randomly ? Structured Pre-tested Questionnaire ? Sample collection- Feed, compost and dung ? Chemical Analysis- DM, N,P and K

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Livestock Production

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? Mean herd size 2.76 ± 1.39 livestock units ? No relationship between land size and herd size ? Average milk yield 7.3 ± 2.77 liter/animal/day ? 59.6% of farmer’s primary purpose of livestock rearing is manure ? 70.2% of farmers tethered the animals outside

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Cattle Shed No Separate feeding and lying area Bedding and feed refusal allowed to accumulate Concrete floor & good or medium drainage

Dairy cattle As Manure producer : 

Dairy cattle As Manure producer

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? Manage the manure in the open pit ? Dung, bedding material (urine absorbed), feed refusal and vegetable waste ? Compost pit in the open & No covering ? Composting period 3.86 ± 0.94 months ? Compost making throughout the year ? Limitations - Space inadequacy & Climate

Mean Nutrient Balance in the organic Manure : 

Mean Nutrient Balance in the organic Manure Type N (%) P(%) K(%) C:N Compost 2.13(0.8) 0.55 (0.15) 0.44(0.22) 22.72(6.3) Dung 2.37(0.35) 0.78(0.25) 0.53(0.13) 20.10(3.94) Bedding 1.34(0.14) 0.18(0.09) 0.57(0.02) 44.38(4.65) Poultry 2.00(0.47) 0.91(0.44) 0.30(0.10) 12.24 (7.3) Goat 1.8(0.56) 0.34 (0.19) 0.48(0.18) 16.67(3.8) D.Powder 1.93(0.41) 0.41(0.10) 0.62(0.02) 19.15(5.6)

Dairy cattle As income source : 

Dairy cattle As income source

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? Average sale of milk 13.9 liter/day/household ? Milk Sales Rs. 4533.70 ? 2886.21 (45 ? 29 $) /month ? Manure use & sales Rs 4110.84 ? 2398.36 (41 ? 24 $) /month ? Household consumption Rs 1645.46 ? 923.47 (17 ? 9 $)/month ? Animal sales Rs 642.01 ? 593.98 (6 ? 6 $)/month ? Total revenue Rs 9499.06 ? 5892.71 (95 ? 59 $) /month

Farms with and without dairy cattle : 

Farms with and without dairy cattle Cost/Revenue (Rs/m2) With Animals Without Animals Total cost 106.37a (1.1 $) 43.81b (0.4 $) Revenue 195.56a (2 $) 64.78b (0.7 $) Return 89.19a (0.9 $) 20.96a (0.2 $) Means with dissimilar superscripts along the rows are significantly (P<0.05) Different

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Dairy cattle and increase of family nutrition ? Average milk consumption 1.2 lit/day/household ? Household consumption Rs 1645.46 ? 923.47 (17 ? 9 $) ? Per capita milk consumption of Sri Lanka 36 kg/person/year

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Dairy cattle as important conduit of nutrient imports in to the farming system

Conceptual Model of Nutrient flow : 

Conceptual Model of Nutrient flow Dairy Cattle Vegetables Household Compost Milk Crop Products Added to soil Soil Bedding Compost sale Concentrates Organic manure Inorganic fertilizer Grazing Fodder Losses Losses Uptake by vegetables Soil Overall balance

Dairy sub system : 

Dairy sub system Farm Type Average Nutrient Balance (kg/m2/yr) N P K Small 1.55a 0.19a 0.41a Medium 0.47b 0.07b 0.13b Large 0.23b 0.03b 0.07b Means with dissimilar superscripts along the column are significantly (P<0.05) Different

Whole Farm System : 

Whole Farm System Farm Type Average Nutrient Balance (kg/m2/yr) N P K Small 1.20a 0.20a 0.28a Medium 0.31b 0.07b 0.03b Large 0.17b 0.06b 0.03b Means with dissimilar superscripts along the column are significantly (P<0.05) Different

Dairy cow and Nutrient Balances : 

Dairy cow and Nutrient Balances Farm Category N P K (Mean (Mean) (Mean) With Animals 0.69a 0.16a 0.35a Without Animals 0.09b 0.04b 0.06a Means with dissimilar superscripts along the column are significantly (P<0.05) Different

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Conclusions

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Dairy cattle important component - Recycle Nutrients - Import Nutrients - Income Source -Increase family nutrition ? Positive Nutrient Balance (N, P and K) - Threat to Environment

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? Livestock # Independent of farm size Greater manuring potential small farms ? High nutrient balance in Small farms - Intensive vegetable production - High input usage - High Livestock density

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Thank You

Acknowledgment : 

Acknowledgment Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)