Urban poor Nihar

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Dr Nihar Ranjan Ray Dr Nayan Makwana Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar Health of The Urban Poor In India An Overview

Urban India : Statistical Profile 2001 : 

Urban India : Statistical Profile 2001 Urban Population 286 milion Urban Population% 28% No. Of Urban Town 5,161 No. Of Metros. 35 Metro Population 38%

Urban India : Slums & Poverty Scenario : 

Urban India : Slums & Poverty Scenario Slum Population 1991: 42 Milion 2001: 62 Milion Growth in Urban Population : 1991 – 2001, 58 Milion Growth in Slum Population : 1991 – 2001 , 20 Milion Poverty Scenario : Urban BPL Population 1973 – 74 : 60 Milion 1999 – 2000 : 67 Milion

Share of Slum Population in City Population (Percentage) : 

Share of Slum Population in City Population (Percentage) Mumbai 54 Faridabad 46 Aligarh 45 Meerut 44 Warangal 43 Amravati 43 Raipur 37 Nagpur 36 Kolkata 32

Urban India : Growth in Population % Slum Population : 

Urban India : Growth in Population % Slum Population Decadal total Population Growth 25 % Decadal Urban Population Growth 40 % Decadal Metro- Population Growth 79 % Decadal Slum Population Growth 70 %

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Growth of Houseless Population In India

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42.6 million people in slums (2001) - 15 % of total urban population of the country and 22.6 % of urban population of the states/union territories reporting slums. 640 cities/towns in 26 States/Union territories in 2001 have reported slum population. Andhra Pradesh has the largest number of towns (77) reporting slums followed by Uttar Pradesh (69), Tamil Nadu (63) and Maharashtra (61). 11.2 million in Maharashtra followed by Andhra Pradesh 5.2, Uttar Pradesh 4.4 and West Bengal 4.1 million 6 millions children (0-6) in slums (Maharashtra alone accounts for 1.6 million children in slums) 7.4 million (17.4%) of the total slum population belong to the SC (Scheduled Castes) and one million (2.4%) to the ST (Scheduled Tribes). Census of India 2001 Metadata and Brief Highlights on Slum Population Definition of Slum ~ About Slum Data ~ Data Highlights URBAN POPOULATION DISTRIBUTION

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Urban health resource center-Usaid-Delhi

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-Sex ratio of the total slum population is 876 (the corresponding non slum urban population 905) -Child Sex Ratio in the age group 0-6 is 919 in the slum population (corresponding non slum urban population 904) -Literacy rate in slum areas stands at 73.1% (80.7% male and 64.4% female) against overall non-slum urban literacy rates of 81.0% (87.2% males and 74.2% females) Social indicators Census of India 2001 Metadata and Brief Highlights on Slum Population Definition of Slum ~ About Slum Data ~ Data Highlights

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Neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates are considerably higher (One out of 10 children born in urban poor families during the year is not destined to see his/her fifth birthday) More than half of India’s urban poor children are underweight and/or stunted (Under-nutrition among urban poor children is worse than in rural areas) About one third of the urban poor children suffer from chronic under nutrition (Stunted -3 Standard Deviation) Health of the Urban Poor in India: Current Scenario and Challenges –USAID, Urban health resource center Health Indicators

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-Of the 2 million births each year among the urban poor more than 50% of the deliveries occur at home. 1.1 million mothers would not have received adequate ante natal care 1 million newborns are likely to be Low Birth Weight Breastfeeding is likely to be delayed for about 1.6 million newborns -Only 2 out of every 5 urban poor children aged less than 24 months, receive complete immunization. -About half of urban poor households do not receive water supply and about two-thirds do not have a toilet. Source: Urban Poor in India: Current Scenario and Challenges –USAID, Urban health resource center Access to health

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NRHM task force on Urban health model

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Salient feature of Proposed NUHM..Snap shot

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Community level activities in urban slums shall primarily be carried out by Link Volunteers and Women’s Groups, with coordination support from Non-Governmental Organizations. Link Volunteers (LV) Women’s Health Committee To expand the base of health promotion efforts at the community level and to build sustainable community processes,each Link Volunteer shall promote one or more women’s group or Women’s Health Committee in her own target area (of approximately 250-350 households).

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National Consultation on Improving the Health of the Urban Poor Lessons Learned and the Way Forward, 30 June – 1 July,2004, Bangalore

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Participatory Health Delivery Demand for Health Services: Private Sector Partnerships: Health Insurance to Widen the Access to Curative Health Care Health focus of National Slums policy

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A lot of possibilities are there in slums…. So we can’t ignore it.