POLICIES AND STRATEGIC PROVISIONS FOR DRR IN INDIA :POLICIES AND STRATEGIC PROVISIONS FOR DRR IN INDIA Anil K. Gupta Sreeja S. Nair National Institute of Disaster Management New Delhi


ALARP :ALARP As Low As Reasonable Practicable (ALRAP) DRR ZONE BATNEEC


Disaster Risk Management :Disaster Risk Management


Concept of Disaster Risk Reduction :Concept of Disaster Risk Reduction Risk Reduction: Event minimization Loss minimization Quick recovery (Resilience) Approach: Visualizing hazards Reducing vulnerability Increasing coping capacities


DM Paradigm Shift :DM Paradigm Shift Response Centric Relief Centric Mitigation centric Preparedness centric Disaster Centric Hazard Centric Vulnerability Centric Environment Centric Adaptation


DRR Strategy Design – Components :DRR Strategy Design – Components What is the risk hazard - event x damageability What is at risk – Life, Structures, Resources, Infrastructure Resist Resilience Avoid Tolerate Manage Programmes Direct Indirect Infused


Environmental resources – at Risk? :Environmental resources – at Risk? Air – composition, wind…weather Land/soil - bioproductivity system Water bodies Water supply – drinking, households, irrigation Food supply - crops, aquaculture, fisheries, natural…. Raw materials for housing / industry / etc. Health resources - therapy environment, medicinal resources Mitigation? Shelter?


IMPACTS OF DISASTERS :IMPACTS OF DISASTERS Physical (buildings, structures, physical property, industry, roads, bridges, etc.) Environmental (water, land/soil, land-use, landscape, crops, lake/rivers / estuaries, aquaculture, forests, animals/livestock, wildlife, atmosphere, energy, etc.) Social (life, health, employment, relations, security, peace, etc.) Economic (assets, deposits, reserves, income, commerce, production, guarantee/insurance, etc.) Physical Environmental Disaster Event SOCIAL Economic


DRR Interventions - Routes :DRR Interventions - Routes Direct : DM Act, Rules, Policy… DM Programmes – NCRM, Capacity building programme of Engineers/Architects Environmental Resources: Land/soil/land-use Water/water bodies, watersheds Wetlands, Rivers Air/atmosphere Habitat/vegetation-forests, plantation, orchards, agriculture - agroforestry, aquaculture Livestock, wild animals Environmental supplies – water, PHE, sanitation, waste mgmt, Chemicals / minerals Welfare programmes Family, child, youth, sports, NREGS, RTI, …. Service programmes Transport, health, communication, housing, aviation, navigation, fire, industry


Prepare and Plan to Reduce Risk :Prepare and Plan to Reduce Risk Hazard Mapping (Individual / Multihazard) Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Modeling and simulation (e.g. flood models) Forecasting (e.g. through sharing of real-time data and information on floods, including telemetry involved in collecting data from field to national centres and beyond Early Warning Systems (e.g. weather forecasting in cyclones and tropical storms) Monitoring (e.g. Temporal image analysis, GLOF) Knowledge hub (e.g. portal giving database of equipment, responsible agencies,, evacuation plan, sharing of lessons learned and experiences etc.) Preparedness through education, communication and Information e.g. Radio, TV can be used to raise awareness and accountability of policy makers to ensure polices are drawn


HRVC Analysis :HRVC Analysis Hazard identification Establish relative priorities for your hazards. Hazard Mapping Critical Facility Analysis Identify critical facilities categories Complete a critical facilities inventory Identify intersections of critical facilities with high-risk areas Vulnerability Analysis Societal Infrastructure Environmental Economic


DM in India :DM in India Disaster Management Act 2005 Paradigm Shift Planned, holistic and proactive approach Role of S&T and academic inputs, and participative Disaster Management Act 2005 A Holistic and Comprehensive Approach Institutional Mechanisms at National, State & Local level Focus on Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness


Nodal agencies for monitoring andearly warning of disasters :Nodal agencies for monitoring andearly warning of disasters Forecasts / Warnings relating to major Natural Disasters are being provided by…. – India Meteorological Department (Cyclones, Floods, Drought, earthquakes) – Central Water Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources (Floods) – Geological Survey of India (Landslides) – Department of Ocean Development (Tsunami)


The Disaster Management Act 2005 :The Disaster Management Act 2005 The Disaster Management Act was enacted on 23rd December,2005. The Act provides for establishment of - NDMA (National Disaster Management Authority) SDMA (State Disaster Management Authority) DDMA (District Disaster Management Authority) Act provides for constitution of Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Mitigation Fund at National, State and District level. Establishment of NIDM and NDRF.


NATIONAL POLICY ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT :NATIONAL POLICY ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT The National Policy on Disaster Management has been finalized and approved by Home Minister. Inter-Ministerial consultation process has been completed. The Policy is now under consideration of NDMA. Draft Policy lays down the roadmap/direction for all Government endeavors.


OBJECTIVES OF POLICY :OBJECTIVES OF POLICY A holistic and pro-active approach for mitigation and preparedness will be adopted. Each Ministry/ Department of the Central/ State Government to ensure that disaster reduction elements are integrated with development planning. Promoting a culture of Prevention and Preparedness Ensuring Mitigation measures based on State-of-the-Art technology and environmental sustainability


OBJECTIVES OF POLICY :Mainstreaming DM concerns into the Development Planning Process Putting in place a streamlined Institutional Techno-Legal Framework in order to create and preserve the integrity of an Enabling Regulatory Environment and a Compliance Regime OBJECTIVES OF POLICY


OBJECTIVES OF POLICY :Promoting a productive partnership with the Media to create awareness and contributing towards Capacity Development Ensuring efficient Response and Relief with a caring approach towards the needs of the vulnerable sections of the Society Undertaking Reconstruction as an opportunity to build back better OBJECTIVES OF POLICY


POLICY : TECHNO LEGAL FRAMEWORK :POLICY : TECHNO LEGAL FRAMEWORK Development and vigorous enforcement of Indian Codes /Standards relevant to multi hazard resistant designs and updating it on regular basis. Review of development control regulations and zoning regulations. Revision of relief codes/ manuals so as to convert them into disaster management codes/ manuals to institutionalize planning process.


Slide 22:Disaster Risk Insurance Micro-finance and Micro-insurance Regulations for provision and rescheduling of loans/debts in case of disasters of severe magnitude POLICY:TECHNO- FINANCIAL FRAMEWORK


POLICY : MITIGATION AND CAPABILITY BUILDING :POLICY : MITIGATION AND CAPABILITY BUILDING Detailed evaluation & retrofitting of lifeline buildings Construction of multi-purpose cyclone shelters Capacity building of all stakeholders.


POLICY: PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE :POLICY: PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE Development of fully trained and equipped specialist response teams. Strengthening of civil defense set up to supplement local response and relief efforts. Development of Standard Operating Procedures by all relevant Ministries/ Departments at Central, State and District levels.


POLICY: RELIEF AND REHABILITATION :POLICY: RELIEF AND REHABILITATION State Government will be advised to establish per-contract and pre-agreement arrangements for immediate mobilization f resources. Central Government will also facilitate mobilization of resources when requested by the State Governments.


POLICY: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT :POLICY: HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Establishment of National centers of excellence for human resource development in areas of disaster mitigation, preparedness and response. Promotion of research and envelopment for early warning systems and prevention and mitigation of sudden onset disasters. Involvement of community civil defense volunteers, NGOs, ex-servicemen and youth organizations in all aspects of DM. Promotion of self-reliance in the community.


FINANCE :FINANCE National, State, District Mitigation Fund National, State, District Response Fund Ministry or Department to make provision for fund in annual budget for disaster management activities as set out in disaster management plan During any threatening disaster situation, disaster National/State/District authority if satisfied that immediate procurement of provision or materials are necessary. inviting tenders shall be waived


NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE AND MITIGATION FUND :NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE AND MITIGATION FUND National Disaster Response Fund will be constituted and funded by the Central Government, and grants may be made by any person/institution. National Disaster Mitigation Fund started for mitigation projects. The State Government shall establish Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Mitigation Fund at State and District Levels. Every Ministry/Department of Central and State shall make provision in budget for activities in DM plan.


Related Policies :Related Policies Environmental Policy Planning Commission Working Plan 2009-12 Environment & Forests Land-use Policies Agriculture Policy Water Policy Voluntary Sector Policy WRD & Hydro-Power policy Rural Development (land resources) Housing Policy Forest Policy Statement of Climate Change Right to Information Map Policy


Programmes (examples) :Programmes (examples) Disaster Risk Management Programme National Emergency Communication Plan Disaster Management Decision Support Programme Natural Resources Data Management System NRDMS Environmental Information System APELL JNURM Integrated Coastal Zone Management National River Conservation National Wetland Programme National Wasteland Programme Rural employment Mid-day meal scheme Microfinance


Strategic Tools :Strategic Tools Tools that help and/or implement policies Project Appraisal Process Policy Appraisal – SEA (of policy, plan, programmes) EIA / REIA – DMP & EPP? DRA as part of Project Appraisal process Carrying capacity based planning Risk based developmental planning Cost-Benefit Analysis Economic cost of impacts Risk Auditing Integration of Strategic Tools


DRR Institutional Framework :DRR Institutional Framework NDMA – Apex Body Planning Commission – E&F Ministry of Environment & Forests Ministry of Earth Sciences Department of Science & Technology Department of Biotechnology National Biodiversity Authority ICAR, IARI, CSIR Department of Space-ISRO, NRSC, NIC Deptt. of Land resources, Land-use boards Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Non-conventional Energy National Institute of Disaster Management, DM Centres in State ATIs


THANK YOU :THANK YOU envirosafe2007@gmail.com sreejanair22@gmail.com