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Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Ventricular Arrhythmias : Ventricular Arrhythmias EMS Professions Temple College Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Definitions Early depolarization of the ventricles Occur as a result of automaticity or reentry A PVC is a characteristic of an underlying ECG rhythm PVC is not the name of a dysrhythmia Premature Ventricular Complexes : Premature Ventricular Complexes Causes Hypoxia Myocardial Ischemia Electrolyte Imbalance Digitalis Toxicity Stimulants Chronic Heart Disease (CHF, COPD) Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Characteristics Complex is earlier than expected Wide QRS (wide is not always ventricular) OFTEN has a compensatory pause Usually irregular Not preceded by a P wave T wave opposite deflection May or may not result in perfused beat Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) More Terms to Know Unifocal, Multifocal R on T Phenomenon Bigeminy, Trigeminy, Quadrigeminy, Couplet Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) PVCs are not always dangerous Common for some people Consider treating PVCs if: >6/minute associated with: Severe Chest pain Hypotension, Decreased Perfusion Shortness of Breath Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Treat PVCs if consistently see any of the following with other symptoms: Multifocal Ventricular Couplets Runs of Ventricular Tachycardia R on T Phenomenon (Malignant PVCs) Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Management (Rate <60) Oxygen & Ventilation are initial treatments for ALL ectopic beats ECG Monitor, IV NS TKO assess the underlying rhythm Treat like bradycardia Atropine TCP Dopamine Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Management (Rate >60) Oxygen & Ventilation are initial treatments for ALL ectopic beats ECG Monitor, IV NS TKO assess the underlying rhythm If symptomatic (see previous): Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Management (Rate >60) Lidocaine IV Bolus, 1 - 1.5 mg/kg Infusion, 1 - 4mg/min Repeat IV push 0.5 - 0.75 mg/kg every 5 minutes to 3 mg/kg max Increase Infusion 1mg/min for every 1mg/kg IV bolus given Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Management (Rate >60) Procainamide 20 mg/min IV until: PVCs suppressed 17 mg/kg given Hypotension occurs QRS widens by 50% or more Continuous infusion at 1 - 4 mg/min Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Management (Rate >60) Bretylium IV push, 5 mg/kg slowly Infusion, 1 - 2 mg/min Used less frequently today due to supply shortage Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Idioventricular Rhythm : Idioventricular Rhythm Causes Myocardial ischemia Hypoxia High vagal tone Drug effects Idioventricular Rhythm : Idioventricular Rhythm Characteristics A ventricular focus takes over as an escape pacemaker site Rate 20 - 40 bpm Wide QRS complexes No P waves Idioventricular Rhythm : Idioventricular Rhythm Management Slow rate will probably decrease cardiac output Usually a later and often pre-terminal rhythm If symptomatic, treat as unstable bradycardia Do NOT give Lidocaine or other ventricular antidysrhythmics!!!!!!! Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm : Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm Characteristics Like Idioventricular rhythm except for rate Rate, greater than 40 bpm but less than 100 bpm Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm : Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm Management Patient may maintain adequate cardiac output Identify underlying cause and treat!!! Monitor cardiac output and perfusion Often a late and pre-terminal rhythm Do NOT give Lidocaine or other antidysrhythmics!!!!!!! Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) : Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Causes Myocardial ischemia Hypoxia Electrolyte imbalance Digitalis toxicity Myocardial trauma Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) : Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Characteristics Pacemaker site Irritable ventricular focus takes over as pacemaker site, OR May result from multiple ventricular foci attempting to become pacemaker site Complexes look similar to PVCs May see P waves before complexes but uncommon Rate, usually between 100 and 250 bpm Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) : Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Complications Can decrease cardiac output Increases cardiac workload Decreases coronary perfusion Can quickly deteriorate into V-fib Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) : Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Types Monomorphic QRS complexes all have same morphology Polymorphic QRS complexes have more than one morphology “Torsades de Pointes” “Twisting of the points” Usually > 200 bpm Susceptible if slow repolarization (long QT) Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) : Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Treatment of Stable and Unstable Oxygen, Ventilations, Assess Pulse ECG Monitor If unstable, proceed to synchronized cardioversion IV NS TKO Determine monomorphic vs polymorphic If wide complex of unknown origin, attempt 12 lead ECG to determine Ventricular Tachycardia Treatment: Monomorphic : Ventricular Tachycardia Treatment: Monomorphic Treatment of Stable (limit to one antidysrhythmic) procainamide 20 mg/min IV avoid if poor cardiac function amiodarone 150 mg slow IV (15 mg/min) lidocaine 1.0 mg/kg IV (max 3.0 mg/kg) Begin with 0.5 - 0.75 mg/kg poor cardiac function Follow with lidocaine infusion, 1 - 4 mg/min synchronized cardioversion Tachycardia: Wide Complex (VT) Polymorphic (Torsades) : Tachycardia: Wide Complex (VT) Polymorphic (Torsades) Treatment (limit to one antidysrhythmic) Normal QT Lidocaine, 1 - 1.5 mg/kg IV (max 3.0 mg/kg), repeat @ 0.5-0.75 mg/kg q 5 min to max 3 mg/kg Amiodarone, 150 mg slow IV (15 mg/min) Procainamide, 20 mg/min until PVCs suppressed 17 mg/kg given Hypotension occurs QRS widens by 50% or more Then, infusion at 1 - 4 mg/min Tachycardia: Wide Complex (VT) Polymorphic (Torsades) : Tachycardia: Wide Complex (VT) Polymorphic (Torsades) Treatment (limit to one antidysrhythmic) Long QT (including Torsades w/o arrest) Magnesium sulfate 10%, 1-2 g slow IV over 5 mins or greater Lidocaine, 1 - 1.5 mg/kg IV (max 3.0 mg/kg), repeat @ 0.5-0.75 mg/kg q 5 min to max 3 mg/kg Other considerations phenytoin, isoproterenol, or overdrive pacing Interesting Questions : Interesting Questions What is a capture beat? What is a fusion beat? How do they help or hurt you in your ECG interpretation? You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Ventricular Arrhythmias aSGuest1271 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3198 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (1) Added: October 18, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: faraz79 (27 month(s) ago) excellent presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: arvees (32 month(s) ago) impressive ppt. presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Ventricular Arrhythmias : Ventricular Arrhythmias EMS Professions Temple College Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Definitions Early depolarization of the ventricles Occur as a result of automaticity or reentry A PVC is a characteristic of an underlying ECG rhythm PVC is not the name of a dysrhythmia Premature Ventricular Complexes : Premature Ventricular Complexes Causes Hypoxia Myocardial Ischemia Electrolyte Imbalance Digitalis Toxicity Stimulants Chronic Heart Disease (CHF, COPD) Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Characteristics Complex is earlier than expected Wide QRS (wide is not always ventricular) OFTEN has a compensatory pause Usually irregular Not preceded by a P wave T wave opposite deflection May or may not result in perfused beat Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) More Terms to Know Unifocal, Multifocal R on T Phenomenon Bigeminy, Trigeminy, Quadrigeminy, Couplet Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) PVCs are not always dangerous Common for some people Consider treating PVCs if: >6/minute associated with: Severe Chest pain Hypotension, Decreased Perfusion Shortness of Breath Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Treat PVCs if consistently see any of the following with other symptoms: Multifocal Ventricular Couplets Runs of Ventricular Tachycardia R on T Phenomenon (Malignant PVCs) Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Management (Rate <60) Oxygen & Ventilation are initial treatments for ALL ectopic beats ECG Monitor, IV NS TKO assess the underlying rhythm Treat like bradycardia Atropine TCP Dopamine Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Management (Rate >60) Oxygen & Ventilation are initial treatments for ALL ectopic beats ECG Monitor, IV NS TKO assess the underlying rhythm If symptomatic (see previous): Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Management (Rate >60) Lidocaine IV Bolus, 1 - 1.5 mg/kg Infusion, 1 - 4mg/min Repeat IV push 0.5 - 0.75 mg/kg every 5 minutes to 3 mg/kg max Increase Infusion 1mg/min for every 1mg/kg IV bolus given Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Management (Rate >60) Procainamide 20 mg/min IV until: PVCs suppressed 17 mg/kg given Hypotension occurs QRS widens by 50% or more Continuous infusion at 1 - 4 mg/min Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) : Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) Management (Rate >60) Bretylium IV push, 5 mg/kg slowly Infusion, 1 - 2 mg/min Used less frequently today due to supply shortage Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Idioventricular Rhythm : Idioventricular Rhythm Causes Myocardial ischemia Hypoxia High vagal tone Drug effects Idioventricular Rhythm : Idioventricular Rhythm Characteristics A ventricular focus takes over as an escape pacemaker site Rate 20 - 40 bpm Wide QRS complexes No P waves Idioventricular Rhythm : Idioventricular Rhythm Management Slow rate will probably decrease cardiac output Usually a later and often pre-terminal rhythm If symptomatic, treat as unstable bradycardia Do NOT give Lidocaine or other ventricular antidysrhythmics!!!!!!! Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm : Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm Characteristics Like Idioventricular rhythm except for rate Rate, greater than 40 bpm but less than 100 bpm Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm : Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm Management Patient may maintain adequate cardiac output Identify underlying cause and treat!!! Monitor cardiac output and perfusion Often a late and pre-terminal rhythm Do NOT give Lidocaine or other antidysrhythmics!!!!!!! Analyze the Rhythm : Analyze the Rhythm Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) : Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Causes Myocardial ischemia Hypoxia Electrolyte imbalance Digitalis toxicity Myocardial trauma Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) : Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Characteristics Pacemaker site Irritable ventricular focus takes over as pacemaker site, OR May result from multiple ventricular foci attempting to become pacemaker site Complexes look similar to PVCs May see P waves before complexes but uncommon Rate, usually between 100 and 250 bpm Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) : Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Complications Can decrease cardiac output Increases cardiac workload Decreases coronary perfusion Can quickly deteriorate into V-fib Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) : Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Types Monomorphic QRS complexes all have same morphology Polymorphic QRS complexes have more than one morphology “Torsades de Pointes” “Twisting of the points” Usually > 200 bpm Susceptible if slow repolarization (long QT) Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) : Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Treatment of Stable and Unstable Oxygen, Ventilations, Assess Pulse ECG Monitor If unstable, proceed to synchronized cardioversion IV NS TKO Determine monomorphic vs polymorphic If wide complex of unknown origin, attempt 12 lead ECG to determine Ventricular Tachycardia Treatment: Monomorphic : Ventricular Tachycardia Treatment: Monomorphic Treatment of Stable (limit to one antidysrhythmic) procainamide 20 mg/min IV avoid if poor cardiac function amiodarone 150 mg slow IV (15 mg/min) lidocaine 1.0 mg/kg IV (max 3.0 mg/kg) Begin with 0.5 - 0.75 mg/kg poor cardiac function Follow with lidocaine infusion, 1 - 4 mg/min synchronized cardioversion Tachycardia: Wide Complex (VT) Polymorphic (Torsades) : Tachycardia: Wide Complex (VT) Polymorphic (Torsades) Treatment (limit to one antidysrhythmic) Normal QT Lidocaine, 1 - 1.5 mg/kg IV (max 3.0 mg/kg), repeat @ 0.5-0.75 mg/kg q 5 min to max 3 mg/kg Amiodarone, 150 mg slow IV (15 mg/min) Procainamide, 20 mg/min until PVCs suppressed 17 mg/kg given Hypotension occurs QRS widens by 50% or more Then, infusion at 1 - 4 mg/min Tachycardia: Wide Complex (VT) Polymorphic (Torsades) : Tachycardia: Wide Complex (VT) Polymorphic (Torsades) Treatment (limit to one antidysrhythmic) Long QT (including Torsades w/o arrest) Magnesium sulfate 10%, 1-2 g slow IV over 5 mins or greater Lidocaine, 1 - 1.5 mg/kg IV (max 3.0 mg/kg), repeat @ 0.5-0.75 mg/kg q 5 min to max 3 mg/kg Other considerations phenytoin, isoproterenol, or overdrive pacing Interesting Questions : Interesting Questions What is a capture beat? What is a fusion beat? How do they help or hurt you in your ECG interpretation?