LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT

LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT URBAN…: 

LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT URBAN…

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BEFORE GOING AHEAD LETS GET TO KNOW WHAT IS AN URBAN AREA.

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An urban are is regarded as one which is a town or a city . A town is generally regarded as a smaller urban area. (population: 10,000-20,000) Large towns are called cities. Bigger towns with a population of above 10 lakhs as known as a metropolitan city. (eg: Mumbai, Delhi)

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In many State local bodies had become weak and ineffective on account of a variety of reasons including the failure to hold regular elections, prolonged super session and inadequate devolution of powers. In order to make the urban bodies more effective, the constitution passed the 74 th Amendment Act. The salient features of this act are on the next two slides. 74th Amendment Act

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A new part IX A was added to the constitution giving constitutional status to the local self govts. Eighteen subjects given in the 12 th schedule have been added stating the powers and functions of local urban bodies. The act provides for direct election to all the three local self government bodies. Fresh elections should be held within a perioed of six months after dissolution. 74th Amendment Act (1992)

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Proper system of checking and auditing of accounts by the State government. 6.33% of the seats should be reserved for women under categories of ST/SC/and OBC’s District planning committee to be constituted by the State government.

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Now lets move on to Municipal Corporation, their election, eligibility, term, composition, and functions of the Mayor.

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The cities with a population of one lakh and above can have a Municipal Corporation as the local self government unit. The Municipal Corporation carries out its functions through well organised divisions. For example: Water supply and Sewage disposal, etc. Municipal Corporation

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The members of the corporation are elected in the same way as members of the legislative assembly. The elections are held on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise through secret ballot. The number of representatives depends on the population of the city. Election

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To be a candidate a person must be : Registered as a voter 21 years of age. Must be eligible for election Must not hold any office of profit unde the state government. Eligibilty

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A fixed tenure of five years has been provided in the constitution Term

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General council the general council is formed of elected members known as municipal councilors. Mayor the councilors together with aldermen elect among themselves as the Mayor and the Deputy Mayor. The standing committee the members of the general council are represented on standing committee through elections Municipal Commissioner the municipal commissioner is appointed by he governor for a term of 5 years. Composition

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House tax, entertainment tax, tolls, duties, electricity, education. Commercial activities like hotels, tourist centers, renting property, etc. Financial grants from State government. Allocations under special projects and schemes. Sources of Income

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NOW LETS PROCEED TO MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE, THEIR VODY, ELIGIBILTY, TERM, AND SOURCES OF INCOME….

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The municipal committee is set up for smaller towns with a population between 20000-3 lakh. Such bodies are also called Municipal Boards. They have generally three wings- general body, chairman, and the secretary. Municipal Committee

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Eligibility for contesting elections to the General Body of the Municipal Committee are as same as in the case of Municipal Corporation. Term: 5 years. Sources of income: are as amen as municipal corporation.

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Town Area Committee: it is set up in towns having population btw 10,000-20,000 their functions include sanitation provision for drinking water, electricity, etc. sources of income is tax on buildings, factories, shops, etc.. Other local self governments

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These committees are called “notified” because they are established in areas which are transition from rural to urban. Their functions and sources of income are same as Town Area Committee. Notified Area Committee

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An urban area often on the outskirts of a large city, with military establishment has a Cantonment Board. Cities like Delhi, Meerut, Srinagar have these boards. The board looks after the health, cleanliness, recreation for the residents of the area. Cantonment Board

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Port Trusts are established in port harbours like Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, etc. (eg: JNPT port in Uran) The main source of income is from cess on docking ships, and payment for services provided in the port. It gets the link roads repaired, makes arrangements for cleanliness of the area. Port Trusts

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A distinction has already been drawn between the local government unit and local self government unit. A Deputy Commissioner often combines both these units. The Deputy Commissioner belongs to the Indian Administrative Service. (IAS) Cooperation and Coordination between local self government and local government

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Unethical Means: The MLA’s and the MP's belonging to the area are members of district Panchayats. They are sometimes said to interfere in the working of the Panchayats for their selfish interest, not allowing the local representatives to work independently. Elections are often marked by violence, corruption, rigging, class and caste loyalties, etc. Limitations in the efficient working of Local Self Government

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Low literacy rate: Since most of the people in the rural areas are illiterate, they are easily influenced by cast and class loyalties. Some women elected from the reserved seats in the Panchayats tend to act as proxy for the men folk.

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Religion has always played a significant role in Indian politics. Local self governing institutions are not immune to the scourge of communalism. Very often candidates on the basis of their religion and people too vote for them on religious basis. Communal Trends in voting

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To rid the local self govt. of the limitations which hamper its efficient working the following measures should be taken: It should be given more powers. Strict rules should be framed to check expenditure on elections. Literacy levels should be increased . The panchayti raj system institutions should be given control, responsibility and authority over all the resources lying under the geographical control.