OAP 2 Questions first test - uma shahani

OAP 2 Questions: 

OAP 2 Questions Uma Shahani’s section 30/01/2012

Question 1: 

Question 1 Which of the following are responsible for making cerebrospinal fluid? Astrocytes Ependymal cells Satellite cells Microglia

Question 2: 

Question 2 What are the ‘nodes of Ranvier ’? Gaps in the myelin sheath along an axon Cells which make myelin sheath Another name for the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis A type of cell which maintains the right chemical environment for neurones to function

Question 3: 

Question 3 The parasympathetic system is a branch of the: Central nervous system Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Enteric nervous system

Question 4: 

Question 4 In a neurone, a membrane typically has a resting potential of: -70mV +30mV 0.00mV +70mV

Question 5: 

Question 5 Which of the following is false? Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear / colourless fluid Small molecules do not pass through the blood brain barrier easily Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed into blood through the arachnoid villi The blood brain barrier protects the brain from hormones and neurotransmitters in the rest of the body

Question 6: 

Question 6 Which of the following describes the correct flow of CSF? 3 rd ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  4 th ventricle  subarachnoid space  also down spinal cord 4 th ventricle  3 rd ventricle  spinal chord 3 rd ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  diencephalon  4 th ventricle  subarachnoid space 4 th ventricle  3 rd ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  subarachnoid space

Question 7: 

Question 7 Generally in stroke patients, damage to the optic radiations causes: Contralateral loss Spatial perception impairment Hemianopsia Apahasia

Question 8: 

Question 8 Cranial nerve 8 is also known as: Abducens nerve Vagus nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 9: 

Question 9 The trochlear nerve innervates which of the following extra-ocular muscles? Medial rectus Inferior oblique Superior oblique Lateral rectus

Question 10: 

Question 10 Where are the optic nerve nuclei located? In the olfactory bulb In the midbrain at superior colliculus level In the lateral geniculate body in the deincephalon In the medulla

Question 11: 

Question 11 Which of these cranial nerve’s is responsible for controlling tongue muscles? VII IX XI XII

Question 12: 

Question 12 Which of the following is correct? White matter is on the outside of the spinal cord White matter is on the inside of the spinal cord White matter is on the outside of the brain Grey matter is on inside of the brain

Question 13: 

Question 13 The term infarction describes: Disruption of blood and glucose to the brain over a few minutes, causing irreversible neural damage A ring system of arteries in the brain The separation gap, between the axon of one neurone and the dendrite of a neighbouring neurone A condition where CSF circulation is blocked and pressure rapidly increases

Question 14: 

Question 14 Which of the following is false? Saltatory conduction occurs in myelinated axons only Continuous conduction occurs in un-myelinated axons Saltatory conduction occurs at the same speed as continuous conduction Saltatory conduction occurs at a quicker rate than continuous conduction

Question 15: 

Question 15 Nerve fibre signal transmission occurs quickest in: A fibres B fibres C fibres Transmission speeds are all equal

Written questions: 

Written questions 3-5 lines worth

Question 16: 

Question 16 Briefly describe the stages in signal transmission at a chemical synapse. (3 marks)

Question 17: 

Question 17 Briefly describe a pathology of cranial nerve IV. Your description should include possible causes of the damage and resultant clinical symptoms. (2 marks)

Answers: 

Answers Total mark out of 20

Question 1: 

Question 1 Which of the following are responsible for making cerebrospinal fluid? Astrocytes Ependymal cells Satellite cells Microglia

Question 2: 

Question 2 What are the ‘nodes of Ranvier ’? Gaps in the myelin sheath along an axon Cells which make myelin sheath Another name for the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis A type of cell which maintains the right chemical environment for neurones to function

Question 3: 

Question 3 The parasympathetic system is a branch of the: Central nervous system Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Enteric nervous system

Question 4: 

Question 4 In a neurone, a membrane typically has a resting potential of: -70mV +30mV 0.00mV +70mV

Question 5: 

Question 5 Which of the following is false? Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear / colourless fluid Small molecules do not pass through the blood brain barrier easily Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed into blood through the arachnoid villi The blood brain barrier protects the brain from hormones and neurotransmitters in the rest of the body

Question 6: 

Question 6 Which of the following describes the correct flow of CSF? 3 rd ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  4 th ventricle  subarachnoid space  also down spinal cord 4 th ventricle  3 rd ventricle  spinal chord 3 rd ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  diencephalon  4 th ventricle  subarachnoid space 4 th ventricle  3 rd ventricle  cerebral aqueduct  subarachnoid space

Question 7: 

Question 7 Generally in stroke patients, damage to the optic radiations causes: Contralateral loss Spatial perception impairment Hemianopsia Apahasia

Question 8: 

Question 8 Cranial nerve 8 is also known as: Abducens nerve Vagus nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 9: 

Question 9 The trochlear nerve innervates which of the following extra-ocular muscles? Medial rectus Inferior oblique Superior oblique Lateral rectus

Question 10: 

Question 10 Where are the optic nerve nuclei located? In the olfactory bulb In the midbrain at superior colliculus level In the lateral geniculate body in the diencephalon In the medulla

Question 11: 

Question 11 Which of these cranial nerve’s is responsible for controlling tongue muscles? VII IX XI XII

Question 12: 

Question 12 Which of the following is correct? White matter is on the outside of the spinal cord White matter is on the inside of the spinal cord White matter is on the outside of the brain Grey matter is on inside of the brain

Question 13: 

Question 13 The term infarction describes: Disruption of blood and glucose to the brain over a few minutes, causing irreversible neural damage A ring system of arteries in the brain The separation gap, between the axon of one neurone and the dendrite of a neighbouring neurone A condition where CSF circulation is blocked and pressure rapidly increases

Question 14: 

Question 14 Which of the following is false? Saltatory conduction occurs in myelinated axons only Continuous conduction occurs in un-myelinated axons Saltatory conduction occurs at the same speed as continuous conduction Saltatory conduction occurs at a quicker rate than continuous conduction

Question 15: 

Question 15 Nerve fibre signal transmission occurs quickest in: A fibres B fibres C fibres Transmission speeds are all equal

summary: 

summary 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.C 15.A

Question 16: 

Question 16 Briefly describe the stages in signal transmission at a chemical synapse. (3 marks) – 6 of the following required, ½ mark each Action potential hits synaptic bulb Ca 2+ flows inward through voltage gated channels Vesicles holding neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neurone open and dump it in the synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter molecules drift across the cleft and are taken up by receptors on the post-synaptic membrane Ion channels open as a result of the binding of neurotransmitter to receptor Depending on neurotransmitter, the resulting flow causes either dpeolarisation known as EPSP, or hyperpolarisation known as IPSP If depolarisation reaches threshold because of spatial and temporal summation of inputs, an action potential is generated

Question 17: 

Question 17 Briefly describe a pathology of cranial nerve IV. Your description should include possible causes of the damage and resultant clinical symptoms. (2 marks) Causes: fracture of the sphenoid wing neoplasm aneurysm causing rotation of the eye on the same side of the head affected 2. Clinical presentation : Px complain of worsened diplopia with downward gaze and improved diplopia with head tilt to the opposite side