7009331-Volcanic-Hazards

VOLCANIC HAZARDS: 

VOLCANIC HAZARDS

What is a VOLCANO?: 

The term VOLCANO refers to a vent, hill or mountain from which molten or hot rocks with gaseous materials are ejected. The term also applies to craters, hills or mountains formed by removal of pre-existing materials or by accumulation of ejected materials. What is a VOLCANO?

Classification of Volcanoes: 

Classification of Volcanoes Active Eruption in historic times Historical record - 500 years C14 dating - 10,000 years Local seismic activity Oral / folkloric history Potentially Active Solfotaras / Fumaroles Geologically young (possibly erupted < 10,000 years and for calderas and large systems - possibly < 25,000 years). Young-looking geomorphology (thin soil cover/sparse vegetation; low degree of erosion and dissection; young vent featuresl; +/- vegetation cover). Suspected seismic activity. Documented local ground deformation Geochemical indicators of magmatic involvement. Geophysical proof of magma bodies. Strong connection with subduction zones and external tectonic settings. Inactive No record of eruption and its form is beginning to change by the agents of weathering and erosion via formation of deep and long gullies.

Volcanic Eruption: 

Volcanic Eruption A process wherein molten rock materials are emitted or ejected in the form of flowing masses, discrete particles and steam from a crater, vent or fissure. WHAT CAUSES A VOLCANO TO ERUPT? Changes in pressure and temperature in the magma chamber

Types of Volcanic Eruptions: 

Types of Volcanic Eruptions classified according to: what propels the eruption character of eruption itself nature of materials ejected 6 Types: Strombolian Plinian Vulcanian Phreatomagmatic Pelean Phreatic

PowerPoint Presentation: 

eruption resulting from the release of large quantities of accumulated magmatic gas which lifts fine ash and block from the magma with great force high in the air forming voluminous cauliflower clouds. VULCANIAN

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occurs when a gas-rich pasty lava accumulates to form a dome on the volcano edifice either on or beneath its surface caused by release of large quantities of gas from a near- or at- surface extremely viscous magma that hurls out ash and other pyroclastic materials PELEAN

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eruption of great violence characterized by voluminous explosive ejections of pumice and ash flows with tall eruption column PLINIAN

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explosion driven by steam produced by heating and expansion of groundwater due to an underlying hot source. PHREATIC

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results from the simultaneous ejection of fresh magmatic materials and steam produced by the contact of groundwater with ascending magma. PHREATOMAGMATIC

Volcanic Hazards: 

Volcano-related phenomena that pose potential threat or cause negative impact to man, property and the environment in a given period of time. Volcanic Hazards

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Lava Flow from 1984 Mauna Loa eruption. (from Volcanic & Seismic Hazards on the Island of Hawaii , 1986) Lava Flows stream-like flows of hot, incandescent, molten materials that are erupted quietly from a volcano

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Lava Flow Mayon Volcano, 1984

Lava Flow Impact: 

Hawaii Lava Flow Impact

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turbulent hot mass of ejected fragmented volcanic materials (ash & rocks), mixed with hot gases that flow downslope at very high speed (>60kph) Pyroclastic Flows

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showers of fine- to coarse-grained volcanic materials and other airborne products of a volcanic eruption Tephra Fall Ashfall impact of Pinatubo Volcano, 1991 Clark Air Base Castillejos, Zambales Olongapo City

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some of the basic components of magma or lava (H 2 O, CO 2 , CO, H 2 S, HF, SO 2 , etc.) released into the atmosphere during eruptions Volcanic Gases Plants damaged by volcanic flume from Pu’u’O’o vent 12 miles away. (from Volc. & Seismic Hazards in the Island of Hawaii ,1986) VOLCANIC GAS IMPACT:

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rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments and water; contains 20% to 80% sediments by volume Lahars Mayon, 1993 Pinatubo Mayon

Lahar Impact: 

Agoho, Mambajao Oct. 25, 1950 Pampanga Post-1991 Pinatubo Lahar Impact

Lahar Impact: 

After (October 1995) Before (27 July 1994) Pinatubo Volcano Lahar Impact

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Volcanoes in Region 2 SMITH 22 Active Volcanoes in the Philippines

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MOUNT IRAYA LOCATION 12.8n, 124.1E Batan Island, Batanes ERUPTION 1464

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BABUYAN CLARO LOCATION 19.5N, 121.9 E NNE across Babuyan Channel ERUPTION 1831

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MOUNT SMITH LOCATION 20.33N, 121.75 E Ibugos Island (southern end of Batan Island chain) ERUPTION 1924 Underwater Volcano

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MOUNT DIDICAS LOCATION 19.077N, 122.202 E 22 km NE of Camiguin Island ERUPTION 1978 Submerged Volcano

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CAMIGUIN DE BABUYANES LOCATION 18.83 N, 121.860 E 22 kms long in Camiguin Island in the Babuyan Archipelago ERUPTION 1857

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MOUNT CAGUA LOCATION 18.133 N, 122.3 E Gonzaga, Cagayan ERUPTION 1860

Mitigation of Volcanic Hazards: 

Scientific reports Popular information packages Seminars, workshops Coordination with NDCC, LGUs PHIVOLCS Quick Response Team (QRT) Information Campaign Mitigation of Volcanic Hazards

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Teach the public, school children and parents what to do during and after occurrence of volcanic hazards Mitigation of Volcanic Hazards: Public Education and Preparedness