Reading skills

Reading skills: 

Reading skills Presented by: Nosheen Bibi Ammara Ramzan Nazish Shokat

Reading: 

Reading Reading is a process of retrieving the meaning of stored information or ideas Reading is the knowledge process of deriving meaning from written or printed text. or Reading is a process of retrieving and understands the meaning of stored information or ideas.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

The Purpose and importance of Reading To acquire / Enhances knowledge Reading helps in mental development Improvement of conversational skills helps readers to decipher new words developing vocabulary, language skills To connect the ideas through the material on the basis of prior knowledge If the reader don't know anything about a subject, then it will be difficult for him to grab the information 7516324 This is hard to read and remember. 751-6324 This is easier because of chunking. 123-4567 This is easy to read because of prior knowledge and structure

Comparison of efficient and slow readers : 

Comparison of efficient and slow readers Efficient reader Reads ideas. Reads multi-word phrases. Visualizes ideas. Sets a purpose. Adjusts reading speed to need. Keeps reading. Has a large vocabulary in that subject area. Practices speeded reading daily. Marks text for memory. Sorts materials as critical, interesting, or trash. Slow reader Reads words. Reads one word at a time. Vocalizes words. Reads to "the end of the book." Reads everything slowly and deliberately. Re-reads sentences to be sure of understanding. Has a limited vocabulary in that area. Rarely attempts speeded reading. Leaves pages pristine and clean. Reads everything irregularly .

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Speed Reading Speed Reading can help us to read and understand written information much more quickly. To read large volumes of information quickly Savings of time by speed reading. Speed Reading is based on the following principles: Wider visual span – seeing more words per fixation. Minimizing vocalization (mouthing the word) and sub-vocalization ( saying the word in your mind) of the words. Being familiar with the topic and terminology of the subject material. Know why you are reading the material – motivation increases attention span. Good visual skills – well coordinated eye teaming and focusing skills. Minimized refractive error – easier if you are wearing the correct eye glass prescription – ask your optometrist or optician

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Speed reading techniques: 1. Geometric progression 2. Time Calculation 3. Read, read, and read! 4. Keep plowing ahead 5. Seek professional help SQ3R Technique SQ3R is a five-step reading strategy. The name is an abbreviation of the five steps of the strategy: Survey Question Read (at your own pace): Recite/write Review

PowerPoint Presentation: 

How to Improve Our Reading Skills Higher and professional education is required more reading. Like in our course majority of work is depends on reading. How good we are in reading skills? steps to help us to improve our reading skills: 1.  Evaluate our reading habits 2.  Provide the best conditions for reading 3.  Use our eyes efficiently. 4.  Increase our vocabulary by keeping a dictionary 5.  Match reading speed to the material we are reading 6. Do not vocalize the words. 7. Do not eread words. 8. To improve reading speed, practice for about 15 to 30 minutes each day

Reading Skills Tree: 

Reading Skills Tree Intensive Extensive Skimming Scanning

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Please read the paragraph word by word as practically shown What was the main point? What was the beginning? What was the paragraph trying to explain? What were the key words?

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Learners may need practice in choosing in what way to approach a particular text and in using different skills of intensive reading, extensive reading, scanning and skimming, judiciously in the process of reading the text.

The four Questions: 

The four Questions What was the main point of the text? What was the beginning? What is the paragraph trying to explain? What are the key words?

Question 1: 

Question 1 What was the main point of the text?

Skimming: 

Skimming Skimming is used to quickly gather the most important information, or 'gist'. Run your eyes over the text, noting important information. Use skimming to quickly get up to speed on a current business situation. It's not essential to understand each word when skimming. Examples of Skimming: • The Newspaper (quickly to get the general news of the day) •Magazines (quickly to discover which articles you would like to read in more detail) •Business and Travel Brochures (quickly to get informed)

Question 2: 

Question 2 What was the beginning?

Scanning: 

Scanning Scanning is used to find a particular piece of information. Run your eyes over the text looking for the specific piece of information you need. If you see words or phrases that you don't understand, don't worry when scanning. Examples of Scanning •The "What's on TV" section of your newspaper. •A train / airplane schedule

Question 3: 

Question 3 What is the paragraph trying to explain?

Extensive Reading: 

Extensive Readin g Extensive reading is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business procedures. Do not worry if you don’t understand each word. Examples of Extensive Reading • The latest marketing strategy book •A novel you read before going to bed •Magazine articles that interest you

Question 4: 

Question 4 What are the key words?

Intensive reading: 

Intensive reading Intensive reading is used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information. It includes very close accurate reading for detail. Use intensive reading skills to grasp the details of a specific situation. In this case, it is important that you understand each word, number or fact. Examples of Intensive Reading •A bookkeeping report •An insurance claim •A contract

Common tips :: 

Common tips : Read the questions first Recognize the type of each question Read the text to find the answer by using an appropriate way/strategy Remember! Each type of the questions has its own way/strategy to find the answer Do not read the entire passage before you start answering the questions. Read the first sentence of each paragraph and the last sentence in the passage to get general comprehension Answer the questions based on the following order !

To start answering the questions, follow the order below:: 

To start answering the questions, follow the order below: All vocabulary questions All questions that ask reference of pronoun All questions that ask for specific information All questions that ask the transitions part of the passage All questions that ask about the topic or main idea All questions with EXCEPT and NOT All questions with IMPLY and INFER

The strategies to answer the questions: : 

The strategies to answer the questions : Recognizing the topic Topic is one thing that most sentences talk about The strategy: Find out in the passage the word(s) that most frequently repeated Choose the answer that contains that word(s) or has similar meaning with the word(s)

Example:: 

Example: The trunk is the elephant’s peculiar feature, and it has various uses. The elephant draws up water by its trunk and can squirt it all over its body like a shower bath. It can also lift leaves and puts them into its mouth. In fact the trunk serves the elephant as a long arm and hand. An elephant looks very clumsy and heavy and yet it can move very quickly. The topic of the text is : The trunk of the elephant and its uses

The strategies to answer the questions: 

The strategies to answer the questions Recognizing the main idea Main idea is one sentence that tells what all sentences say about the topic It can be put in the beginning, in the middle, or in the end of a paragraph. It is sometimes implied (not stated directly) The strategy: Read the first two sentences of a paragraph Read the last sentence of the paragraph Based on those sentences, determine what the most important thing the author is saying

Example:: 

Example: There are many ways to improve your vocabulary. One way is to read fiction in English. Novels and stories often contains new words. It is not difficult to understand these new words because you usually guess their meaning. An interesting story will help you to understand the new words because the meaning of the new words are parts of the meaning of the story. The main idea of the text is : One way to improve vocabulary is to read fiction

The strategies to answer the questions: 

The strategies to answer the questions Finding specific information This kind of question usually begins with WH-questions, such as who, what, which, when, why, etc The strategy: First, choose the keyword(s) in the question Find the keyword(s) in the passage Read the sentence(s) in the passage that contains the keyword(s) The answer is usually found in the sentence(s) containing the keyword(s)

Example:: 

Example: Many Muslim women view the veil as a means to protect their modesty and privacy. Just as we would not force any women to be seen in public in her underwear if she did not feel comfortable doing so, why should a woman be forced to show her hair if she does not want to? Modesty is a personal judgment call; some are comfortable in the smallest bikini while others prefer a lot more clothing. No one but the woman herself should make that decision. What is the function of the Muslim women’s head coverings? To protect their modesty and privacy

The strategies to answer the questions: 

The strategies to answer the questions Finding the reference of pronoun The examples of pronoun: they, we, I, you, he, it, etc Pronoun always refers to a noun The strategy: Find the pronoun which is asked in the passage Read the previous sentence Decide which noun(s) in the previous sentence as the antecedent ( acuan ) of the pronoun

Example:: 

Example: When oil companies were exploring parts of the Sahara looking for oil, abundant supplies of water were discovered under the desert. Most of the water settled underground during the thousands of years when the Sahara was still fertile. The problem was how to bring this underground water to the surface. The word ‘abundant’ is synonym with ___________ A. huge C. large E. sufficient B. Plentiful D. great

The strategies to answer the questions: 

The strategies to answer the questions Making inference Imagine that you are in a friend’s house. It is 11:oo p.m. and your host starts to look at his watch and yawn out loud. Although he never actually tells you to leave, he implies and you infer that it is time for you to go home. The strategy: Choose word(s) in the question as the keyword Find the keyword(s) in the passage. Read the sentence(s) containing the keyword carefully Choose one option related to the idea stated in the sentence

Example:: 

Example: Most Hawaiians speak English, but it is quite common to hear English that is liberally spiced with words and expressions from the traditional language of the culture. A visitor may be greeted with the expression aloha and may be referred to as malihini because he is a newcomer to the island. The visitor may attend an outside luau where everyone eats too much and may be invited afterwards to dance the hula . It can be inferred from the passage that luau is _____ A. a dance C. a feast E. a ceremony B. a concert D. a language

The strategies to answer the questions: 

The strategies to answer the questions Finding the transition parts of a passage There are two kinds of transitions questions Asking the preceding part of a passage Asking the following part of a passage The strategy: Read the first line of the passage for question asking the preceding part Read the last line for question asking the following part Choose the answer that is related to the idea stated in the first/last line of a passage

Example:: 

Example: Another program instrumental in the popularization of science was Cosmos . This series broadcast on public television, dealt with topics and issues from varied fields of science. The principal writer and narrator of the program was Carl Sagan, a noted astronomer and Pulitzer Prize-winning author. The paragraph following the passage most likely contains information on ______________ A. The popularity of science B. The astronomer Carl Sagan C. Topics and issues from various field of science D. List of people winning Pulitzer Prize X

PowerPoint Presentation: 

A writer only begins a book. A reader finishes it The End