Pharmacology

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By: Jaimini (42 month(s) ago)

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Pharmacology : 

Pharmacology Drugs used to treat: Asthma Rhinitis & Cough

Topics : 

Topics Bronchodilators Methylxanthines Anticholinergics Anti-inflammatory Agents Leukotriene Antagonists Mast cell stabilizers Decongestants Antihistamines Antitussives Expectorants & mucolytics

Asthma : 

Asthma Inflammatory response to allergen Antibody binds with & ruptures mast cells Releases histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes Two primary issues Bronchoconstriction Inflammation (mucous production)

Approaches to Treatment : 

Approaches to Treatment Relax bronchial smooth muscle ß2 agonists methylxanthines anticholinergics Inhibit release of mediators Glucocorticoids Mast cell stabilizers Block affects of mediators Leukotriene antagonists

Bronchodilators : 

Bronchodilators

Antiinflammatory Agents : 

Antiinflammatory Agents

Colds and Allergies : 

Colds and Allergies Nasal Inflammation Vasodilation & engorgement Itching, redness, rhinorrhea Mast/basophil degranulation

Nasal Decongestants : 

Nasal Decongestants  congestion via vasodilation Alpha1 stimulation Topical administration phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®) pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®, Actifed®) A moment of silence for: phenylpropanolamine (AlkaSeltzer Cold®, Contact®, Allerest®)

Antihistamines : 

Antihistamines H1 receptors Vasodilation Increased capillary permeability Bronchoconstriction H2 receptors Increase gastric acid secretion (Zantac®), etc) Other histamine receptors Sedation

Antihistamine Agents : 

Antihistamine Agents First generation Sedation chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton®) diphenhydramine (Benadry®) clemastine (Tavist®) promethazine (Phergan®) Second generation No sedation blood-brain barrier Sniff, sniff: terfenadine (Seldane®) fexofenadine (Allegra®) cetirizine (Zyrtec®) loratadine (Claritin®)

Cough Suppressants : 

Cough Suppressants Antitussives Decrease cough reflex Opioids codeine & hydrocodone Non-opioids dextromethorphan benzonatate (Tessalon®) Expectorants guaifenesin may work others are doubtful Mucolytics Decreases viscocity acetlycysteine (Mucomyst®) hypertonic saline