Society in Middle Ages

Society in Middle Ages: 

Society in Middle Ages

Classless Society: 

Classless Society

Status and position is not determined by money. Instead of using the world CLASS, it is preferable to use the word ORDER to emphasize that we have to be careful not to apply modern views about social relations.: 

Status and position is not determined by money. Instead of using the world CLASS, it is preferable to use the word ORDER to emphasize that we have to be careful not to apply modern views about social relations.

Oratores: 

Oratores “Those Who Pray”

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Priest M onks Clergy and Society

Bellatores: 

Bellatores Those Who Fight

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Knights

Chivalrous, Courteous and Noble. His primary role is to be a mounted warrior. In early middle ages a low commoner can be a knight. By 12th century only noble men can be a knight. : 

Chivalrous, Courteous and Noble. His primary role is to be a mounted warrior. In early middle ages a low commoner can be a knight. By 12 th century only noble men can be a knight.

The knight began to lose his military superiority with the development of trained infantry in the 14th century. : 

The knight began to lose his military superiority with the development of trained infantry in the 14th century.

Upper Nobility: 

Upper Nobility

The magnates, the great barons, the titled nobility. In general they either possessed vast estates in their own right, or they enjoyed the favor of the king. Or both. Most bore titles such as duke, count, earl, margrave or marquis, but having such a title did not automatically place you among the upper nobility.: 

The magnates, the great barons, the titled nobility. In general they either possessed vast estates in their own right, or they enjoyed the favor of the king. Or both. Most bore titles such as duke, count, earl, margrave or marquis, but having such a title did not automatically place you among the upper nobility.

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Lower Nobility

Beyond that all we have is a wide spectrum of individual experiences. Some nobles were only recently noble, having been raised to that status or married into it within living memory. Such a noble could never have the standing of a family that had been noble "since time immemorial" as the phrase went.: 

Beyond that all we have is a wide spectrum of individual experiences. Some nobles were only recently noble, having been raised to that status or married into it within living memory. Such a noble could never have the standing of a family that had been noble "since time immemorial" as the phrase went.

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Changes in the later middle ages

Change in Warfare Gunpowder directly affected knights in two phases. The first was the development of field artillery in the late 1400s. This was mainly used against infantry, but as knights still sometimes dismounted to charge on foot, it could apply to them as well. The second, more serious, development was that of handguns. These effected a dramatic change because they made armor not only vulnerable but actually burdensome. Within a fairly short period of time, the mounted warrior took off his armor and became the mobile, unarmored cavalry officer of early modern times, relying on sabre and pistol rather than on lance and sword.: 

Change in Warfare Gunpowder directly affected knights in two phases. The first was the development of field artillery in the late 1400s. This was mainly used against infantry, but as knights still sometimes dismounted to charge on foot, it could apply to them as well. The second, more serious, development was that of handguns. These effected a dramatic change because they made armor not only vulnerable but actually burdensome. Within a fairly short period of time, the mounted warrior took off his armor and became the mobile, unarmored cavalry officer of early modern times, relying on sabre and pistol rather than on lance and sword.

Laborares: 

Laborares Those Who Work

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Peasant Serfdom

Peasant: describes someone who lived in a village or some other rural setting and who was more or less free.: 

Peasant: describes someone who lived in a village or some other rural setting and who was more or less free.

Serfs: one who lived in the same environment, but who to one degree or an other had his freedom restricted by someone else. : 

Serfs: one who lived in the same environment, but who to one degree or an other had his freedom restricted by someone else.

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Daily Life

Get up, work, go to bed. The peasant's year was dictated by the cycle of the crops, and this varied somewhat by region. For example, a peasant engaged mainly in viticulture had a different rhythm to his year than one engaged in livestock or olives or wheat. Even those engaged mainly in the cereal crops, as most were, did more than grow a single crop.: 

Get up, work, go to bed. The peasant's year was dictated by the cycle of the crops, and this varied somewhat by region. For example, a peasant engaged mainly in viticulture had a different rhythm to his year than one engaged in livestock or olives or wheat. Even those engaged mainly in the cereal crops, as most were, did more than grow a single crop.

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Town

Towns were much smaller than what we're used to in industrialized societies. Most towns were only a few thousand people. Even the big cities can be measured in the tens of thousands, while a mere handful reached one or two hundred thousand.: 

Towns were much smaller than what we're used to in industrialized societies. Most towns were only a few thousand people. Even the big cities can be measured in the tens of thousands, while a mere handful reached one or two hundred thousand.

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Artisans

those in cities who made things or provided services: 

those in cities who made things or provided services

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Guilds

A guild was a sworn association. That's about the only thing that can be said universally; everything after that has to have "usually" in front of it. So, consider everything that follows to have "typically" or "usually" qualifying the statements.: 

A guild was a sworn association. That's about the only thing that can be said universally; everything after that has to have "usually" in front of it. So, consider everything that follows to have "typically" or "usually" qualifying the statements.

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Merchants

those who lived by trade (merchants): 

those who lived by trade (merchants)

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The Poor

They were native-born and immigrants. The urban poor in the Middle Ages were much the same as the urban poor in any era: they were those who were either completely without work or who were so chronically under-employed that they were reduced to relying upon charity in one form or another. Some were people who had become disabled. Some were people whose trade failed them in one way or another ("gone out of business" in modern parlance). Some were born into poverty. Sometimes the poverty was transient, the result of economic shifts or warfare.: 

They were native-born and immigrants. The urban poor in the Middle Ages were much the same as the urban poor in any era: they were those who were either completely without work or who were so chronically under-employed that they were reduced to relying upon charity in one form or another. Some were people who had become disabled. Some were people whose trade failed them in one way or another ("gone out of business" in modern parlance). Some were born into poverty. Sometimes the poverty was transient, the result of economic shifts or warfare.