PPT ON ROY'S NSG THEORY

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NURSING THEORY SISTER CALLISTA ROY

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EVALUATED BY MRS. U RAMYA PRINCIPAL J.G.COLLEGE OF NURSING PRESENTED BY MITAL S. PATEL F.Y. M.SC NURSING

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Roy's Adaptation Model “When push comes to a shove, we will seldom disappoint ourselves. We all harbor greater stores of strength than we think. Adversity brings the opportunity to test our mettle and discover for ourselves the stuff of which we are made.”

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INTRODUCTION Sr.Callista Roy , a prominent nurse theorist, writer, lecturer, researcher and teacher Professor and Nurse Theorist at the Boston College of Nursing in Chestnut Hill Born at Los Angeles on October 14, 1939 as the 2nd child of Mr. and Mrs. Fabien Roy She earned a Bachelor of Arts with a major in nursing from Mount St. Mary's College, Los Angeles in 1963.

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A master's degree program in pediatric nursing at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1966. She also earned a master’s and PhD in Sociology in 1973 and 1977, respectively. Sr.Callista had the significant opportunity of working with Dorothy E. Johnson

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Johnson's work with focusing knowledge for the discipline of nursing convinced Sr.Callista of the importance of describing the nature of nursing as a service to society and prompted her to begin developing her model with the goal of nursing being to promote adaptation. She joined the faculty of Mount St. Mary's College in 1966, teaching both pediatric and maternity nursing. She organized course content according to a view of person and family as adaptive systems.

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She introduced her ideas about ‘Adaptation Nursing’ as the basis for an integrated nursing curriculum. Goal of nursing to direct nursing education, practice and research. Model as a basis of curriculum impetus for growth--Mount St. Mary’s College 1970-The model was implemented in Mount St. Mary’s school.

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1971- She was made chair of the nursing department at the college. The Roy adaptation model has been in use for 30 years in nursing, education &research.

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ADAPTATION The process & outcome whereby thinking & feeling persons, as individuals or in groups, use conscious awareness & choice to create human & environmental integration.

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ROY'S THEORY DEFINES “ Adaptation as the process by which an individual or group makes conscious choices to cope with his or her situation.” Adaptive responses increase people's ability to cope, and to achieve goals including survival, growth, mastery of their lives and "personal and environmental transformation." Successful adaptation integrates a bad situation into an individual's life, or at least helps compensate for the problem. Sr.Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model of Nursing in 1976.

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THIS MODEL COMPRISES THE FOUR DOMAIN CONCEPTS Human as adaptive system Health Environment Nursing & six step nursing process

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Human as adaptive system Roy conceptualizes the human system in a holistic perspective, as holism stems from the underlying philosophic assumption of the model. H.L.Dunn , a system theorist, calls our attention to the smallest unit of our life, the cell. The cell is a living open system. The cell has its inner & outer worlds. From its outer world, it must draw forth the substances it needs to survive. System openness therefore implies the constant exchange of information, matter & energy between the system & environment

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. TYPES OF STIMULI Three types of stimuli influence an individual’s ability to cope with the environment. These include Focal stimuli Contextual stimuli Residual stimuli.

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Adaptation level is the combining of stimuli that represents the condition of life processes for the human adaptive system. Integrated Compensatory Compromised

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CONTROL AS COPING MECHANISM Roy has used the term coping mechanism to describe the control process of the human as an adaptive system Roy presents a unique nursing science of control mechanisms: Regulator Cognator

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OUTPUT Outputs of the human adaptive system are behavioral responses. Output responses become feedback to the system & to the environment. Roy categorizes outputs of the system as either adaptive responses or ineffective responses. Adaptive responses are those that promote the integrity of the human system.

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The system’s integrity, or wholeness, is behaviorally demonstrated when the system is able to meet the goals in terms of survival, growth, reproduction, mastery & transformations of the system & the environment. Ineffective responses on the other hand do not support the goals of humans as adaptive systems. Ineffective responses can immediately or gradually threaten the system’s survival, growth, reproduction, mastery or transformations .

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ADAPTIVE MODES The Physiological-physical Mode: : Self-concept- Group Identity Mode: Role function Mode: Interdependence Mode:

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Environment According to Roy, stimuli from within the human adaptive system & stimuli from around the system represent the element of internal & external environment. Roy specifically defines environment as “all conditions, circumstances & influences that surround & affect the development & behavior of humans as adaptive systems, with particular consideration of person & earth resources ”.

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Health Roy defines health as “a state & a process of being & becoming an integrated & whole human being”. The integrity of the person is expressed as the ability to meet the goals of survival, growth, reproduction, mastery & person & environment transformation.

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ROY EMPLOYS A SIX-STEP NURSING PROCESS WHICH INCLUDES: Assessment of behavior Assessment of stimuli Nursing diagnosis Goal setting Intervention Evaluation.

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ROY’S THEORY AS APPLIED TO: 1 NURSING PRACTICE EDUCATION In the early 1980’s the School of Nursing at the University of Ottawa experienced a major curriculum change. This change included incorporating a nursing model by which to base their new curriculum. The change included incorporating a nursing model by which to base their new curriculum. The Roy adaptation model was one of the models to be included in the first year of the baccalaureate program .

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The professors had to meet four challenges during this change: 1. Adapting the course to be congruent with the Roy model, 2. Developing teaching tools suitable for student learning. 3. Sequencing of content for student learning 4. Obtaining competent role models.

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3. RESEARCH If research is to affect practitioners’ behavior, it must be directed at testing and retesting conceptual models for nursing practice. Roy has stated that theory development and the testing of developed theories are nursing’s highest priorities. The model must be able to regenerate testable hypotheses for it to be researchable.

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STRENGTHS RAM offers a variety of strength for all areas of nursing. Focus on, & inclusion of the whole person or group. The 4 modes provide an opportunity for consideration of multiple aspects of the human adaptive system & support gaining an understanding of whole system.

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WEAKNESS Weakness has been identified in relation to research &practice. One is the need for consistent definition of the concepts & terms within the RAM as well as for more research based on such consistent definitions.

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SUMMARY

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CONCLUSION

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Roy, C.E., Nursing: Concepts of practice , 4th ed;1991, St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book Inc. p.p-110-125 Tomey , A. & Alligood , M., Significance of theory for nursing as a discipline and profession. Nursing Theorists and their work. , 4th ed;2001,Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America. P.p.-25,45,68,220 George B. Julia, Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice , 3rd ed;2000, Norwalk, Appleton & Lange.p.p-126-130 Wills M.Evelyn , McEwen Melanie, Theoretical Basis for Nursing, 5th ed ; 2001,Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams& Wilkins. P.p-231-241

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Meleis Ibrahim Afaf , Theoretical Nursing: Development & Progress, 3 rd ed;1997,Philadelphia,  Lippincott. P.p-330-335 Taylor Carol,Lillis Carol, The Art & Science  Of Nursing Care ,4th ed ; 2001,Philadelphia,  Lippincott. P.p-11,22,40,51,63 Potter A Patricia, Perry G Anne , Fundamentals Of Nursing –Concepts Process & Practice, 3rd ed;1992, London Mosby Year Book. P.p-16,19,21,31 WEBSITES http://www.nursingtheory.net/models_adaptationframework.html http://upoun207tfn.blogspot.com/2010/07/application-of-roysadaptationdeficit.html http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/roys adaptationtheory.html

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THANK YOU