9B Fit and Healthy

Fit and Healthy: 

09/12/2011 Fit and Healthy

Body systems: 

09/12/2011 Body systems The RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: takes in _____ The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: takes in ________ The ___________ SYSTEM: transports oxygen and glucose around the body The SKELETAL and MUSCULAR systems: use the _____ from glucose to allow ________ Words – energy, movement, oxygen, glucose, circulatory

Balanced diet: 

09/12/2011 Balanced diet A balanced diet should contain fats, proteins and carbohydrates in roughly these amounts: It should also contain water, vitamins, minerals and fibre.

Poor diets: 

09/12/2011 Poor diets If we don’t have a balanced diet we may suffer form a “deficiency symptom”: Vitamin D Protein Vitamin C Vitamin A Iron Calcium Anaemia Scurvy (bleeding gums and joints) Weak bones and teeth Wasting of body tissue Rickets Poor night vision Lack of… Causes…

Muscles and the skeleton: 

09/12/2011 Muscles and the skeleton Muscles are said to work in “antagonistic pairs”. This is because they oppose each other’s movement: The skeleton does 3 jobs: It gives the body SHAPE It allows the body to MOVE It PROTECTS the major organs

Joints: 

09/12/2011 Joints An “immovable” joint A “slightly” movable joint” “Hinge” joints A “ball and socket” joint

A typical joint – the knee: 

09/12/2011 A typical joint – the knee Synovial fluid – an oily substance that reduces friction Cartilage – stops the bones from rubbing against each other Ligaments – hold the joint together

The Respiratory System: 

09/12/2011 The Respiratory System Ribs – to protect the chest Bronchioles Bronchi Trachea – has stiff rings of cartilage to prevent it collapsing Rib muscles – to raise and lower the ribs Lung Diaphragm – muscular sheet Alveoli (“air sacs”) – gas exchange takes place here

Gas exchange: 

09/12/2011 Gas exchange Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because… They have a LARGE surface area They have a good blood supply They are moist

Smoking: 

09/12/2011 Smoking Cigarettes contain 3 harmful things: NICOTINE, which is an ___________ drug that raises the heart beat, narrows the arteries and so causes ____ _____ _____. This leads to heart _________. TAR, which coats the lining of the _______ making them less able to take in oxygen. It also contains carcinogens which cause ______________. CARBON MONOXIDE, which is a _______ ____ which joins up with ____ blood cells making them incapable of transporting _____________ around the body. Words – high blood pressure, oxygen, red, addictive, disease, poisonous gas, lungs, cancer

Damaging the alveoli (emphysema): 

09/12/2011 Damaging the alveoli (emphysema) Before smoking After smoking – less surface area

The effect of drugs: 

09/12/2011 The effect of drugs Alcohol Solvents Liver damage Brain damage Addiction Bad judgement Hallucinations Personality change Organ damage