1 Introducing Embedded Systems and the Microcontrollers

Introducing Embedded Systems and the Microcontrollers: 

Introducing Embedded Systems and the Microcontrollers Chapter One Dr. Gheith Abandah 1

Outline: 

Outline Definition of Embedded Systems Examples Computer Essentials Microprocessors and Microcontrollers PIC Microcontrollers 12 Series PIC Dr. Gheith Abandah 2

Definition of Embedded Systems: 

Definition of Embedded Systems Embedded system : is a system whose principal function is not computational, but which is controlled by a computer embedded within it. Dr. Gheith Abandah 3

Examples: Refrigerator: 

Examples: Refrigerator Dr. Gheith Abandah 4

Examples: Car Door: 

Examples: Car Door Dr. Gheith Abandah 5

Examples: Electronic Ping-pong: 

Examples: Electronic Ping-pong Dr. Gheith Abandah 6

Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle: 

Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle Dr. Gheith Abandah 7

Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle: 

Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle Dr. Gheith Abandah 8

Outline: 

Outline Definition of Embedded Systems Examples Computer Essentials Microprocessors and Microcontrollers PIC Microcontrollers 12 Series PIC Dr. Gheith Abandah 9

Computer Essentials: 

Computer Essentials Dr. Gheith Abandah 10

Computer Essentials: 

Computer Essentials Instruction Sets CISC: Complex Instruction Set Computer RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computer Memory Types Volatile: Random Access Memory (RAM) Non-volatile: Read Only Memory (ROM) Dr. Gheith Abandah 11

Von Neumann and Harvard Computers: 

Von Neumann and Harvard Computers Dr. Gheith Abandah 12

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers: 

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers The microprocessor is a processor on one silicon chip. The microcontrollers are used in embedded computing. The microcontroller is a microprocessor with added circuitry. Dr. Gheith Abandah 13

Microcontrollers: 

Microcontrollers Dr. Gheith Abandah 14

Microcontroller Families: 

Microcontroller Families Dr. Gheith Abandah 15

Microcontroller Packaging and Appearance: 

Microcontroller Packaging and Appearance Dr. Gheith Abandah 16 From left to right: PIC 12F508, PIC 16F84A, PIC 16C72, Motorola 68HC05B16, PIC 16F877, Motorola 68000

Outline: 

Outline Definition of Embedded Systems Examples Computer Essentials Microprocessors and Microcontrollers PIC Microcontrollers 12 Series PIC Dr. Gheith Abandah 17

PIC Microcontrollers: 

PIC Microcontrollers Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) was originally designed by General Instruments In the late 1970s, GI introduced PIC® 1650 and 1655 – RISC with 30 instructions. PIC was sold to Microchip Features: low-cost, self-contained, 8-bit, Harvard structure, pipelined, RISC, single accumulator, with fixed reset and interrupt vectors. Dr. Gheith Abandah 18

PIC Families: 

PIC Families PIC Family Stack Size Instruction Word Size No of Instructions Interrup t Vectors 12CX/12FX 2 12- or 14-bit 33 None 16C5X/16F5X 2 12-bit 33 None 16CX/16FX 8 14-bit 35 1 17CX 16 16-bit 58 4 18CX/18FX 32 16-bit 75 2 Dr. Gheith Abandah 19 ‘C’ implies CMOS technology; Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ‘F’ insert indicates incorporation of Flash memory technology Example : 16C84 was the first of its kind. It was later reissued as the 16F84, incorporating Flash memory technology. It was then reissued as 16F84A.

12 Series PIC: 

12 Series PIC Dr. Gheith Abandah 20 The small 12F508

PIC 12F508/509 pin connection diagram: 

PIC 12F508/509 pin connection diagram Dr. Gheith Abandah 21

The 12F508 Architecture: 

The 12F508 Architecture Dr. Gheith Abandah 22

Summary: 

Summary An embedded system is a product that has one or more computers embedded within it, which exercise primarily a control function. The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a microprocessor adapted for embedded control applications. Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted electronic and computer principles, and are fundamentally made up of microprocessor core, memory and peripherals. Microchip offers a wide range of microcontrollers, divided into a number of different families. Each family has identical central architecture and instruction set. However, common features also appear across all their microcontrollers. The Microchip 12F508 is a good microcontroller to introduce a range of features of microcontrollers in general and of PIC microcontrollers in particular. Dr. Gheith Abandah 23