NUCLEAR REACTIONS

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IN PHYSICS MODEL YOUR HEARTLY WELCOME

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GUIDED BY - Mr. P.N. SAHU MADE BY- VIKRANT PANDEY NUCLEAR REACTION

NUCLEAR ENERGY: 

NUCLEAR ENERGY NUCLEAR ENERGY IS A KIND OF ENERGY WHICH PRODUCES BY THE PROCESS OF FUSION AND FISSION. THESE PROCESS HAPPENS IN THE NUCLEAR OF SOME SPECIAL KIND OF ATOM. FOR EXAMPLE IN THE ATOM OF HYDROGEN AND IN THE ATOM OF URANIUM.

FISSION AND FUSION : 

FISSION AND FUSION THESE ARE THE NUCLEAR REACTIONS THAT GIVES US A LOT OF ENERGY. WE ARE USING ENERGY DUE TO FISSION WITH THE HELP OF NUCLEAR REACTORS IN WHICH THIS NUCLEAR REACTION(FISSION) CAN BE CONTROLLED.THERE ARE NO ANY NUCLEAR REACTORS IN WHICH WE CAN CONTROLL THE NUCLEAR REACTION OF FUSION.

FISSION AND FUSION: 

FISSION AND FUSION

FISSION: 

FISSION FISSION IS A NUCLEAR PROCESS IN WHICH THE ATOM HAVING LARGE MASS (IN THEIR NUCLEUS) BREAKS DOWN INTO SMALL MASSES OF ATOM. IN THIS PROCESS A LOT OF ENERGY PRODUCES. IN THIS PROCESS THE MASS CHANGE INTO ENERGY.

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THERMAL NEUTRON THE LOW ENERGY NEUTRONS WHICH ARE USED TO BREAK THE NUCLEUS OF A HEAVY ATOM(U 235 ,Pu 239 Etc.) ARE KNOWN AS THERMAL NEUTRON.

THRESH-HOLD ENERGY: 

THRESH-HOLD ENERGY THRESH-HOLD ENRGY IS MINIMUM QUANTITY OF ENERGY IN A NEUTRON WHICH ARE USED TO BREAK U 235 ATOM MEANS THE ENERGY IN A THERMAL NEUTRON IS KNOWN AS THRESH-HOLD ENERGY.IT IS ABOUT 0.025 eV.

FISSION PRODUCTS: 

FISSION PRODUCTS AS WE ALL KNOW THAT IN EVERY REACTION SOME PRODUCTS PRODUCES AND LIKE ALL REACTION IN THE NUCLEAR REACTION OF FISSION PRODUCTS MOLYBDENUM( 42 Mo) AND LANTHANUM( 57 La) PRODUCES. IN THIS PROCESS A LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY PRODUCES BY THE LOSS OF MASS.

LOSS OF MASS……: 

LOSS OF MASS …… IT SEEMS TO BE A CONTRADICTION BUT IT IS A TRUE. MASS OF REACTANTS MASS OF 235 U =235.124u +MASS OF NEUTRON=1.009u = 236.133u MASS OF PRODUCTS MASS OF Mo=94.946u + MASS OF La =138.955u =235.919u

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CAN YOU THINK ABOUT ENRGY RELEASED DURING FISSION REACTION. IF 1 Kg OF U 235 IS SUBJECTED TO FISSION THEN THE ENERGY RELEASED WILL BE EQUAL TO THE ENERGY RELEASED BY BURNING 2500 TONS OF COAL. THE LOSS OF MASS IN FISSION OF U 235 PRODUCES THE ENERGY OF ~200 MeV. ENERGY RELEASED....

CHAIN REACTION: 

CHAIN REACTION IT IS A PROCESS WHICH OCCURS IN THE FISSION REACTION. WHEN URANIUM NUCLEUS BREAKES BY A THERMAL NEUTRON THEN PRODUCTS MOLYBDENUM AND LANTHANUM PRODUCES WITH THE 2 OTHER NEUTRONS AND THESE NEUTRONS BREAKES THE NUCLEUS OF OTHER KEPT URANIUM AND DUE TO THIS, CHAIN REACTION BEGINS.

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EINSTIEN'S MASS ENERGY RELATION VERY FAMUS SCIENTIST EINSTIEN GAVE A VERY IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASS AND ENERGY.HIS RELATIONSHIP IS . E= MC 2 WHERE M IS MASS DESTROYED, E IS ENERGY PRODUCED AND C IS VELOCITY OF LIGHT. ACCORDING TO THIS MASS CAN BE CHANGED IN ENERGY.

FUSION REACTION : 

FUSION REACTION THIS IS ALSO A KIND OF NUCLEAR REACTION IN WHICH THE NUCLEUS OF IOW MASSES FUSE TOGETHER AND MAKE A NUCLEUS OF HIGH MASS,IN THIS PROCESS A LARGE QUANTITY OF ENERGY PRODUCES.

SOME EXAMPLES: 

SOME EXAMPLES OUR UNIVERCE HAVE MANY STARS LIKE SUN. THESE ALL STARS ARE A BIG SOURCE OF ENERGY. FROM WHERE THEY GET ENERGY ? ANSWER IS FUSION REACTION OCCURING IN IT. IN THESE STARS A LOT OF H 2 IS REGULARLY CHANGING INTO He DUE TO FUSION.

NUCLEAR REACTOR: 

NUCLEAR REACTOR NUCLEAR REACTOR ARE THE KIND OF REACTORS IN WHICH NUCLEAR REACTIONS TAKES PLACE. IN A NUCLEAR REACTOR THERE ARE FUEL RODS, CONTROL RODS, COOLANT,PUMP AND etc.

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NUCLEAR REACTOR WITH ITS PARTS CONTROLL RODS FUEL RODS PUMP COOLANT TURBINE

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NUCLEAR REACTOR

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NUCLEAR POWER PLANT THERE ARE NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS WHICH CAN USE NUCLEAR ENERGY TO MAKE ELECTRICITY. ELECTRICITY IS A WIDELY USED FORM OF ENERGY THAT IS COMMON IN OUR DAILY LIFE. IN THESE PLANTS NUCLEAR ENERGY IS USED TO FORM STEAM BY WATER AND THIS STEAM ROTATES TURBINE AND ATLEAST WE GET ELECTRICITY.

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NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

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NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN INDIA THERE ARE 6 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN INDIA. 1) TARAPUR IN MAHARASTRA. 2) KALPAKKAM IN TAMILNADU. 3) NANORA IN UTTERPRADESH. 4) KOTA IN RAJASTHAN. 5) KAIGA IN KARNATAKA. 6)KAPRAPUR IN GUJRAT.

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WORLD OF NUCLEAR POWER IN THE PRESENT AGE FRANCE IS THE COUNTRY WHICH GENERATES 75% OF ITS TOTAL ELECTRICITY FROM NUCLEAR REACTION OF FISSION. INDIA PRODUCES 3% OF ITS TOTAL ELECTRICITY FROM NUCLEAR REACTION OF FISSION.

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ADVANTAGES THERE ARE MANY ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY. BY NUCLEAR ENERGY WE CAN GET A VERY LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY BY WHICH WE CAN FULFILL OUR REQUIREMENTS AND OVERCOME ENERGY CRISIS WHICH IS VERY CRITICAL PROBLEM IN FRONT OF US.

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DISADVANTAGES LIKE ADVANTAGES THERE ARE ALSO MANY DISADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY. THE VERY HARMFUL POLLUTION RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION CREATED BY NUCLEAR REACTIONS, ANY KIND OF LEAKAGE IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS OR NUCLEAR REACTORS MAY LEAD TO DEATH. THESE RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS MUST BE STORED CAFULLY.

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MISUSE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY WE KNOW THAT EVERYTHING HAS 2 ASPECT. LIKE EVERYTHING NUCLEAR ENERGY HAS ALSO 2 ASPECT. HUMAN MISUSES IT IN THE FORM OF NUCLEAR BOMB(ATOM BOMB). THESE BOMBS ARE VERY DESTRUCTIVE DUE TO FISSION OF U 235 OR Pu 239. THESE BOMBS WERE DROPPED ON HIROSIMA AND NAGASAKI CAUSES A LOT OF DESTRUCTION.

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TH TO AN U VI K SIT MY GOOD EFFORT FOR PHYSICS