SWAP A

Simulating water movement: Available model tools: 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima Simulating water movement: Available model tools www.consulclima.com Promoting environmental technology

Despite of the complexity of water movement, several ICT modelling tools have been developed, simulating all the hydrological processes. : 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima Despite of the complexity of water movement, several ICT modelling tools have been developed, simulating all the hydrological processes.

The most relevant hydrological models are those based on the physical laws of the soil-water-plant-atmosphere continuum: 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima Darcy q dz Continuity  q S The most relevant hydrological models are those based on the physical laws of the soil-water-plant-atmosphere continuum

Richards combination of Darcy and continuity equations: 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima Based on Darcy’s law and mass conservation Valid in unsaturated and saturated soil Finite difference or finite elements schemes exist Numerical solution requires: soil hydraulic functions root water extraction rate initial and boundary condition Richards combination of Darcy and continuity equations

To solve Richards equation the soil hydraulic functions are needed: Soil water curve : 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima To solve Richards equation the soil hydraulic functions are needed: Soil water curve Soil water pressure head (cm) Water content (cm 3 cm -3 )  res  sat n 

To solve Richards equation the soil hydraulic functions are needed: Soil hydraulic conductivity : 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima To solve Richards equation the soil hydraulic functions are needed: Soil hydraulic conductivity hydraulic conductivity (cm d -1 ) water content (cm 3 cm -3 ) K sat Increase  , steeper slope

SWAP (Soil Water Atmosphere Plant) is one of the most relevant hydrological models: 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima SWAP (Soil Water Atmosphere Plant) is one of the most relevant hydrological models Flow / transport of: soil water soil heat solutes Influenced by: hysteresis soil spatial variability water repellency shrinkage cracks Saturated zone Plant rain/irrigation Surface waters Deep Groundwater Atmosphere Unsaturated zone interception surface runoff drainage/ infiltration drainage/ infiltration transpiration soil evaporation seepage/ percolation

SWAP is a very complex tool, which solves Richards equation taking into account soil hydraulic properties, as well as selected top and boundary conditions: 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima SWAP is a very complex tool, which solves Richards equation taking into account soil hydraulic properties, as well as selected top and boundary conditions

Slide 9: 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima Spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties can be arranged through the “Similar media” theory Scale factor Relationships between properties

Common SWAP applications comprise surface water management, running the models in a GIS environment.: 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima Common SWAP applications comprise surface water management, running the models in a GIS environment. N

Slide 11: 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima Models as SWAP can be combined with climate scenarios, weather forecasts and GIS to provide regional assessments of Climate impacts in water issues

Slide 12: 

www.consulclima.com © 2011 ConsulClima ConsulClima has proved experience in the use of SWAP to conduct water assessments More than 20 years working in Climate Change issues and many books and publications are our guarantee. Visit www.consulclima.com to get more We are experts: Contact us