ADULT & SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIES

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ADULT & SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIES: 

ADULT & SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIES SUBMITTED TO : Prof. SHASHIKANT VAIDYA

Team Members…….: 

10/6/2011 2 Team Members……. Shaikh Ambreen Introduction Behaviorism Karkera Dimple Behaviorism Cognitivism Qureshi Tarannum Social Learning Theory

What Is Learning??: 

What I s Learning?? Learning is acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. Human learning may occur as part of education , personal development, school or training. It may be goal-oriented and may be aided by motivation. Learning may occur consciously or without conscious awareness . 10/6/2011 3

Definitions………….. : 

Definitions………….. “A persisting change in human performance or performance potential (brought) about as a result of the learner’s interaction with the environment” (Driscoll, 1994). 2. “The relatively permanent change in a person’s knowledge or behavior due to experience” (Mayer, 1982). “An enduring change in behavior, or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion, which results from practice or other forms of experience” ( Shuell , 1986). 10/6/2011

How do PERSON learn????: 

How do PERSON learn???? 10/6/2011 5

Nobody Really Knows……..: 

Nobody Really Knows…….. 10/6/2011 6

But There Are Three Main Theories : 

But There Are Three Main Theories Behaviorism Cognivitism Social Learning Theory 10/6/2011 7

Behaviorism : 

Behaviorism Behaviorism focuses on objectively observable behaviors. Human behavior is a product of the Stimulus-Response interaction. Learning is a more or less permanent change in behavior. 10/6/2011 8

There Are TWO Approaches To It…………..: 

There Are TWO A pproaches T o It………….. 10/6/2011 9

Classical Conditioning - Pavlov : 

Classical Conditioning - Pavlov 10/6/2011 10

A stimulus is presented in order to get a response: : 

A stimulus is presented in order to get a response: 10/6/2011 11 S R

Slide 12: 

10/6/2011 12 S US UR US CR CS

Operant Conditioning - Skinner : 

Operant Conditioning - Skinner 10/6/2011 13

The response is made first, then reinforcement follows. : 

The response is made first, then reinforcement follows. 10/6/2011 14

Cognivitism : 

Cognivitism Builds upon the Behaviorist principal of reinforcement, but moves beyond the idea that only outcomes that can be measured are valid Human Information-Processing Model: people process information through a series of different systems (sight, hearing, attention and control) Human knowledge is structured and organized (short and long term memory) 10/6/2011 15

Cognitive Learning Theory: 

Cognitive Learning Theory 10/6/2011 16

Discovery Learning - Jerome Bruner : 

Discovery Learning - Jerome Bruner 10/6/2011 17

Slide 18: 

Bruner said anybody can learn anything at any age, provided it is stated in terms they can understand. 10/6/2011 18

Powerful Concepts (not isolated facts) : 

Powerful Concepts (not isolated facts) 10/6/2011 19 Transfer to many different situations Only possible through Discovery Learning Confront the learner with problems and help them find solutions. Do not present sequenced materials.

Meaningful Verbal Learning - David Ausubel : 

Meaningful Verbal Learning - David Ausubel 10/6/2011 20

Slide 21: 

New material is presented in a systematic way, and is connected to existing cognitive structures in a meaningful way 10/6/2011 21

Slide 22: 

When learners have difficulty with new material, go back to the concrete anchors (Advance Organizers). Provide a Discovery approach, and they’ll learn. 10/6/2011 22

Social Learning Theory : 

Social Learning Theory Grew out of Cognitivism Albert Bandura (1973) Learning takes place through observation and sensorial experiences Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery SLT is the basis of the movement against violence in media & video games 10/6/2011 23

Learning From Models - Albert Bandura “Most human behaviour is learned observationally through modelling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviours are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.” : 

Learning From Models - Albert Bandura “Most human behaviour is learned observationally through modelling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviours are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.” 10/6/2011 24

The theory states that people learn from one another via: Observation Imitation Modelling : 

The theory states that people learn from one another via: Observation Imitation Modelling 10/6/2011 25

Bandura believed in “reciprocal determinism”, that is, the world and a person’s behaviour cause each other, while behaviourism essentially states that one’s environment causes one’s behaviour.: 

Bandura believed in “reciprocal determinism”, that is, the world and a person’s behaviour cause each other, while behaviourism essentially states that one’s environment causes one’s behaviour. 10/6/2011 26

Conditions necessary for effective modelling to occur……….: 

Conditions necessary for effective modelling to occur………. Attention Retention Motor reproduction Motivation 10/6/2011 27

Slide 28: 

10/6/2011 28 Cognitive Factors Behaviourist Factors Social Learning

Characteristics : 

Characteristics Learning without performance Cognitive processing during learning Expectations Reciprocal causation Modelling 10/6/2011 29

Research indicates that the following factors influence the strength of learning from models: 

Research indicates that the following factors influence the strength of learning from models How much power the model seems to have How capable the model seems to be How nurturing (caring) the model seems to be How similar the learner perceives self and model How many models the learner observes 8/26/12 30

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10/6/2011 31