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Premium member Presentation Transcript Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Neoplasm = new and abnormal formation of tissue (tumor) Benign tumor = Does not spread by infilatration of tissue Malignant tumor (cancer) = Spreads from primary to distant sites (metastasis) Destroys host tissues Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Benign Tumors Structure typical of tissue of origin Slow rate of growth Mostly encapsulated Slightly vascularlized Does not metastasize Necrosis, ulceration unusual Rarely recurs after removal Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Malignant Tumors Structure atypical of tissue of origin Rapid rate of growth Loosely or not encapsulated Moderately to highly vascularlized Metastasizes Necrosis, ulceration common Frequently recurs after removal Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Types of malignant tumors Epithelial tissues = Carcinomas Melanocytes of skin = Melanomas Connective tissues = Sarcomas Lymphatic tissues = Lymphomas Glial tissues of CNS = Neurogliomas Granular leukocytes = Leukemias Plasma cells = Multiple myeloma Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Consequences of tumor growth Destruction of invaded tissue Obstruction of organs Compression of adjacent structures Abnormal hormone production Nutritional deficiencies, starvation Hemorrhage Infection Upper Airway Obstruction : Upper Airway Obstruction Late result of tumors of Oropharynx Neck Superior mediastinum Upper Airway Obstruction : Upper Airway Obstruction Suspect in afebrile patients with Stridor Palpable neck masses History of voice change Upper Airway Obstruction : Upper Airway Obstruction Acute compromise may be caused by: Infection Hemorrhage Trapped secretions Remove or bypass obstruction Upper Airway Obstruction : Upper Airway Obstruction Management Remove or bypass obstruction Suction Endotracheal intubation Surgical airway Laryngectomy Patient : Laryngectomy Patient Patient breathes through stoma at base of neck May be complete or partial Laryngectomy Patient : Laryngectomy Patient Ventilate through opening in midline at base of neck Ignore other openings Seal mouth/nose in partial laryngectomy Acute Spinal Cord Compression : Acute Spinal Cord Compression Compression from: Tumor Collapse of vertebrae Hemorrhage Infection Acute Spinal Cord Compression : Acute Spinal Cord Compression Suspect if patient with malignancy develops: Paraparesis Paraplegia Sensory deficits Urinary incontinence Acute urinary retention Acute Spinal Cord Compression : Acute Spinal Cord Compression Focal or nerve root pain may occur Pain localized to involved vertebrae may be present Acute Spinal Cord Compression : Acute Spinal Cord Compression Management Immobilize spine Steroids Emergency surgical decompression or radiotherapy indicated Pericardial Effusion : Pericardial Effusion Causes Effusion from pericardial metastasis Secondary hemorrhage Infection Chemotherapeutic agents Radiation-induced pericarditis Pericardial Effusion : Pericardial Effusion Effects depend on volume, speed of fluid accumulation Pericardial Effusion : Pericardial Effusion Signs Resistant hypotension Narrow pulse pressure Jugular vein distension Diminished heart sounds Pulsus paradoxus Pericardial Effusion : Pericardial Effusion Emergency pericardiocentesis may be needed Superior Vena Cava Syndrome : Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Cause Obstruction of superior vena cava Increased venous pressure in Arms Neck Face Cerebrum Superior Vena Cava Syndrome : Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Signs and Symptoms Headache Syncope Feeling of head congestion and fullness in neck/face Edema of face/arms Neck/upper chest vein distension Facial plethora Telangiectasia Superior Vena Cava Syndrome : Superior Vena Cava Syndrome May produce Increased intracranial pressure Decreased preload and cardiac output Superior Vena Cava Syndrome : Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Management Lasix Steroids Hemorrhage : Hemorrhage Causes Erosion of vessel walls by neoplasm Therapy-induced coagulation problems Thrombocytopenia Hemorrhage : Hemorrhage Management Control hemorrhage with standard techniques Treat hypovolemia Chemotherapy Agent Release : Chemotherapy Agent Release Can result from malfunction of ambulatory chemotherapy units Highly toxic Wash off skin immediately Report exposure to physician Vascular Access : Vascular Access Do not start IV’s in implants or shunts used for chemotherapy Implants may lead to areas other than vascular system Needles may damage implant or shunt You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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Oncologic Emergencies aSGuest1134 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1747 Category: Others/ Misc License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: October 16, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Neoplasm = new and abnormal formation of tissue (tumor) Benign tumor = Does not spread by infilatration of tissue Malignant tumor (cancer) = Spreads from primary to distant sites (metastasis) Destroys host tissues Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Benign Tumors Structure typical of tissue of origin Slow rate of growth Mostly encapsulated Slightly vascularlized Does not metastasize Necrosis, ulceration unusual Rarely recurs after removal Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Malignant Tumors Structure atypical of tissue of origin Rapid rate of growth Loosely or not encapsulated Moderately to highly vascularlized Metastasizes Necrosis, ulceration common Frequently recurs after removal Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Types of malignant tumors Epithelial tissues = Carcinomas Melanocytes of skin = Melanomas Connective tissues = Sarcomas Lymphatic tissues = Lymphomas Glial tissues of CNS = Neurogliomas Granular leukocytes = Leukemias Plasma cells = Multiple myeloma Oncologic Emergencies : Oncologic Emergencies Consequences of tumor growth Destruction of invaded tissue Obstruction of organs Compression of adjacent structures Abnormal hormone production Nutritional deficiencies, starvation Hemorrhage Infection Upper Airway Obstruction : Upper Airway Obstruction Late result of tumors of Oropharynx Neck Superior mediastinum Upper Airway Obstruction : Upper Airway Obstruction Suspect in afebrile patients with Stridor Palpable neck masses History of voice change Upper Airway Obstruction : Upper Airway Obstruction Acute compromise may be caused by: Infection Hemorrhage Trapped secretions Remove or bypass obstruction Upper Airway Obstruction : Upper Airway Obstruction Management Remove or bypass obstruction Suction Endotracheal intubation Surgical airway Laryngectomy Patient : Laryngectomy Patient Patient breathes through stoma at base of neck May be complete or partial Laryngectomy Patient : Laryngectomy Patient Ventilate through opening in midline at base of neck Ignore other openings Seal mouth/nose in partial laryngectomy Acute Spinal Cord Compression : Acute Spinal Cord Compression Compression from: Tumor Collapse of vertebrae Hemorrhage Infection Acute Spinal Cord Compression : Acute Spinal Cord Compression Suspect if patient with malignancy develops: Paraparesis Paraplegia Sensory deficits Urinary incontinence Acute urinary retention Acute Spinal Cord Compression : Acute Spinal Cord Compression Focal or nerve root pain may occur Pain localized to involved vertebrae may be present Acute Spinal Cord Compression : Acute Spinal Cord Compression Management Immobilize spine Steroids Emergency surgical decompression or radiotherapy indicated Pericardial Effusion : Pericardial Effusion Causes Effusion from pericardial metastasis Secondary hemorrhage Infection Chemotherapeutic agents Radiation-induced pericarditis Pericardial Effusion : Pericardial Effusion Effects depend on volume, speed of fluid accumulation Pericardial Effusion : Pericardial Effusion Signs Resistant hypotension Narrow pulse pressure Jugular vein distension Diminished heart sounds Pulsus paradoxus Pericardial Effusion : Pericardial Effusion Emergency pericardiocentesis may be needed Superior Vena Cava Syndrome : Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Cause Obstruction of superior vena cava Increased venous pressure in Arms Neck Face Cerebrum Superior Vena Cava Syndrome : Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Signs and Symptoms Headache Syncope Feeling of head congestion and fullness in neck/face Edema of face/arms Neck/upper chest vein distension Facial plethora Telangiectasia Superior Vena Cava Syndrome : Superior Vena Cava Syndrome May produce Increased intracranial pressure Decreased preload and cardiac output Superior Vena Cava Syndrome : Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Management Lasix Steroids Hemorrhage : Hemorrhage Causes Erosion of vessel walls by neoplasm Therapy-induced coagulation problems Thrombocytopenia Hemorrhage : Hemorrhage Management Control hemorrhage with standard techniques Treat hypovolemia Chemotherapy Agent Release : Chemotherapy Agent Release Can result from malfunction of ambulatory chemotherapy units Highly toxic Wash off skin immediately Report exposure to physician Vascular Access : Vascular Access Do not start IV’s in implants or shunts used for chemotherapy Implants may lead to areas other than vascular system Needles may damage implant or shunt