Sigmund Freud[2]

Sigmund Freud: 

Sigmund Freud Miracle Durrah

The Biography...: 

The Biography...

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Sigmund Freud Born May 6 of 1856. Even as a young child it was obvious that Sigmund Freud was destined to succeed. His parents did all they could to assure that he would have a full education. After graduating from the University Vienna he went on to go to medical school. After awhile it became apparent to Freud that he had more of an interest in things that went along with psychology. After spending a short time as a resident in neurology and director of a children's ward in

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Berlin, he moved back to Vienna to be with and marry his fiancé. With the help of Joseph Breuer he set up a a practice in neuropsychiatry….

The Theory... And vocabulary: 

The Theory... And vocabulary

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To understand Freud’s theory the below words may need to be known: conscious mind- what you are aware of at any particular moment, your present perceptions, memories, thoughts, fantasies, feelings, what have you. Preconscious- anything that can easily be made conscious, the memories you are not at the moment thinking about but can readily bring to mind. Unconscious- includes all the things that are not easily available to awareness

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Id- allows us to get our basic needs met; wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. Ego- understands that other people have needs and desires and that sometimes being impulsive or selfish can hurt us in the long run. (The ego’s job is to satisfy the id’s want) Superego- the moral part of us and develops due to the moral and ethical restraints placed on us by our caregivers, in other words the conscious.

The Theory...: 

The Theory...

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One of Freud’s many theories is the theory of the unconscious. Freud maintained the notion that the dream fundamentally acts as the guardian of sleep. When we go to bed, the curtains are drawn, the lights are turned off and in effect we are attempting to disconnect from our reality by extinguishing all external stimuli. During the night, the mind protects the sleeper from being disturbed by reacting to further external stimuli (noise, temperature, light, the need to urinate, numb arm/leg, pain, etc) as well as all internal stimuli (emotions, fears, dissatisfaction, desires, previous day’s activity) by manufacturing dreams.

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Freud’s work was solely concerned with internal stimuli. Essentially, for a person to continue to sleep undisturbed strong negative emotions, forbidden thoughts and unconscious desires have to be disguised or censored in some form or another. Otherwise, confronted by these, the dreamer would become distressed and they would eventually wake up. Therefore the dream, if understood correctly, could lead to a greater understanding of the dreamer’s subconscious. Freud believed the dream to be composed of two parts. The manifest and the latent content. The manifest content can be thought of as what a person would remember as soon as they wake – what

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they would consciously describe to someone else when recalling the dream. Freud suggested that the manifest content possessed no meaning whatsoever because it was a disguised representation of the true thought underlying the dream. On the other hand, the latent content holds the true meaning of the dream – the forbidden thoughts and the unconscious desires. These appear in the manifest content but will be disguised and unrecognizable. Although in rare cases the manifest and latent content can be indistinguishable (Freud referred to these as ‘Infantile dreams’).

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The process by which the latent content is transformed into the manifest content is known as the “dream work”. The dream work can disguise and distort the latent thoughts in the following four ways: 1: Condensation: Two or more latent thoughts are combined to make up one manifest dream image or situation. 2: Displacement: Instead of directing the emotion or desire toward the intended person or object it is transferred onto a meaningless / unrelated object in the manifest dream.

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3: Symbolism: Where complex or vague concepts are converted into a dream image. For this, the mind may use the image of a similar sounding (more recognizable) word instead or use a similar looking less intrusive object. According to Freud, dream symbols are for the most part sexual in meaning thus many dreams (but not all) have a sexual correlation. For example, Freud suggested that objects such as tree-trunks, ties, all weapons, sticks, balloons, rockets and

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other elongated objects were all symbols for the male organ/an erection. Where boxes, cases, chests, cupboards, ovens, suitcases and other hollow objects represented the female genitalia. A room usually signified a woman but so could the whole house, a door or the whole dream landscape. The simple act of walking up a staircase, steps or ladders could also signify a sexual act. Freud also had a fascination with symbols of castration, which he believed were represented in a dream by baldness, teeth falling out and the cutting of hair. In addition, the genitals could also be represented by another part of the body.

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For example, the male organ could be represented by a hand, the female organ represented by a mouth or an eye. This could therefore explain the reason why the causes of ‘wet dreams’ are usually never the result of a normal sexual act within a dream.

His contribution...: 

His contribution...

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1. Emphasis on the unconscious mind 2. Pointing out that the sex drive is a powerful human motive (his overemphasis on the sex drive as the primary human motive in the development of personality is a weakens) 3. His explanation of defense mechanisms 4. Stressing that early childhood experiences affect the developing personality

The End: 

The End