logging in or signing up Pre birth Elimination of Girls in Mumbai : Prof. Vibhuti Patel aSGuest112194 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 59 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: August 31, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description Sex ratio (number of women per 1000 men) of Greater Bombay has reduced from 791 in 1991 to 774 in 2001 in spite of rise in its literacy rate. Doctors are using code language so that they can not be booked by police. They don't give anything in writing and nor do they maintain any records to avid medico-legal complications later. Economic globalisation has made import of portable ultrasound machines and sonographic machines very easy. Bombay branch of Indian Medical Association has circulated posters for awareness generation to stop sex selective abortions of female foetuses. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Pre Birth Elimination of Girls in Mumbai: 1 Pre Birth Elimination of Girls in Mumbai Dr. Vibhuti Patel, Director, PGSR Professor and Head, University Department of Economics SNDT Women’s University Churchgate, Mumbai-400020 Email: vibhuti.np@gmail.com Phone-91-022-26770227 Mobile-9321040048Mumbai, recognized as India's finance and film capital: Mumbai, recognized as India's finance and film capital largest Indian metropolis by the sheer number of people who live here - 12 million in the city, going to 16 million if neighbouring areas in Thane district are included. It has a per capita income of just under Rs.50,000, three times the national average. And a literacy rate of 90% for males and 83% for women make it a city of the literate and the informed. The most disturbing fact in the life of Mumbai is declining sex ratio at birth due to selective abortion of female foetuses. Women’s rights activists have called pre-birth elimination of girls, “a Shame of Mumbai”. 2Declining Sex Ratio: 3 Declining Sex Ratio Child Sex Ratio of Mumbai District: 898 (CSR) Overall Sex Ratio Mumbai Matropolis-942 Mumbai suburban - 930 Navi Mumbai - 926 (in different wards ratios vary between 860 to 920) The lowest CSR in Ward A, Colaba & Cuffe Parade- 860 Ward B, P. D’mello Road- 869 CSR of Westen suburbs- 924, Central suburbs- 953 Use of Ultrasonography in Mumbai % of all pregnancy 1986-90 21.4 1990-95 33.5 1996-2000 52.2According to Mumbai Municipal Corporation, Public Health Department: According to Mumbai Municipal Corporation, Public Health Department There were births of total 179861 babies; out of which 93702 male and 86159 female babies in 2006.Thus the child sex ratio at birth of Mumbai was 919.5 girls for 1000 boys during 2006. Deficit of 80.05 girls per every 1000 boys born can be attributed to pre-birth elimination of girls. Ward-wise data of BMC on child sex ratios in different wards of Mumbai reveal that in different wards the ratios vary between 860 & 920. The lowest CSRs are found to be in Ward A, Colaba & Cuffe Parade- 860 and Ward B, P. D’mello Road- 869. CSR of Western suburbs with has been 924 and of Central suburbs is 953; both have predominantly middle and working class population. 4Decline in Fertility in Mumbai: Decline in Fertility in Mumbai As per the Mumbai HDR, an average number of births per woman is between 1.5-2, lower compared to TFR for Maharashtra recorded at 2.31 under NFHS III. Small family norm achieved by exterminating women at pre-birth and pre-conception stage. 5Mutually Reinforing Factors: Mutually Reinforing Factors Increasing prosperity, desire for smaller families and son preference + Lack of professional ethics/regulation and blatant misuse of technology by medical professionals + Development of advanced non-intrusive pre-natal sex determination techniques Affordability and easy availability of the techniques Aggressive marketing of the machines/kits by multinational companies in prosperous areas with demand for such services World Wide Web making advertising and marketing easy across nations 6Data provided by CEHAT and UNFPA Maharashtra: Data provided by CEHAT and UNFPA Maharashtra show that there has been drastic increase in use of Ultrasonography in Mumbai among pregnant women. Within a decade, the percentage of all pregnant women who used Ultrasonography in Mumbai increased from 21.4 during 1986-90 to 52.2 during 1996-2000. Violation of Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT Act) Act, 2002 by money minded and unethical doctors and patriarchal bias against girl child are responsible for deficit of girls in Mumbai. New sex selection kits are also being promoted on internet. 7Findings of Vacha Study: 8 Findings of Vacha Study 2600 girl in 33 BMC schools with 7 medium of instruction from 11 wards- R/N Borivali,K/W Andheri (W), H/W Bandra(W), G/N Dadar Plaza, G/S Elphinston Road, H/E Santacruz(E), N Ghatkopar, M/E Chembur, F/N Dadar-Parel(E), E Byculla, A Colaba. 13% girls lived in Female Headed house Sons in Private & daughters in BMC schools. All of them helped in housework. 3 Cs+ water, ration 60% dropped out after class VII- could not cope up with Maths, Science, English Inadequate food intake, low Body Mass Index, prone to accidents & illnesses, eye & dental problems Mostly given home remedies, not medical attention Absence of child resource centre in all wardsSocio-cultural Background of Son Preference and Neglect of Daughters: Socio-cultural Background of Son Preference and Neglect of Daughters Educated families : small family norm means minimum one or two sons in the family. They can do without daughter. The propertied class do not desire daughter/ daughters because after marriage of the daughter, the son-in-law may demand share in property. Experiences of Larsen & Tuberow Workers during the 1980s. Young educated, technically trained workers wanted 1 0r 2 children, but only boys. They perceived daughters as hurdle for upward mobility. Among Gujaratis, son is treated as “Blank Cheque”. 9Reproductive Health of women: 10 Reproductive Health of women In the age group of 15-44, 46% women were mothers of 1 child, 39% women were mothers of 2 children and 11% women were mothers of 3 children. Thus 85% women in Mumbai in the reproductive age group had either 1 child or 2 children in 2006.Initiatves by BMC: Initiatves by BMC All bodies under PNDT Act namely Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratories or Genetic Clinic cannot function unless registered. They have to maintain records and send a complete report in respect of all pre-conception or pregnancy related procedures/ techniques/ tests by 5 th of the following month to the appropriate authorities. Vigilance Committees- Raids Record of the clinics, sonography machines, public education thro’ mass media, training programme, poster- campaign by the state. Advertisements on Auto Rickshaw, Buses: Empowerment of Women, Educated Girls =National Progress, SD & SP are Crimes, Don’t Indulge in Sex Selection. 11Abandonment of newly born baby girls: Abandonment of newly born baby girls Incidences of discarding newly born baby girls have increased many-fold in recent times. News paper reports need to be corroborated by going thro’ police and hospital records. 12BMC collaborates with IMA & FOGSY: BMC collaborates with IMA & FOGSY The BMC, in response to the falling sex ratio at birth since the last population census, has set up a body — Doctors Against Sex Selection — where doctors, radiologists, sonologists are expected to register themselves and participate in the campaign against sex detection. Raiding of Ultra-sound clinics, Sonography machines sealed 13CEHAT, Laadli, Stree Mukti Sangathana: CEHAT, Laadli, Stree Mukti Sangathana NGOs such as CEHAT, Stree Mukti Sangathana, Laadli (Mumbai’s girl child initiative ) are continuously campaigning, monitoring and providing civil-society support for curbing violation of the PCPNDT Act and promoting positive social image of girls. BMC school teachers, street theatre and Marathi film 14Educational Institutions: Schools Colleges, University: Educational Institutions: Schools Colleges, University Text Book Writers Foundation courses Awareness thro’ NSS Quiz on girl child Introduction of module in courses on Bioethics, co-curricular and extra-curricular programmes of schools and colleges Educational fairs on girls 15 Associations of the Local Elites: Associations of the Local Elites In the 1980s- expressed concern Now, hardly any social issues discussed. Star oriented programmes FOGSI- Brand ambassador-Mr. Bacchan who aspires to have grandson. Tokenism Rich couples use pre-conception sex selection-Jains, catholics 16Emerging Pattern-Contradictory: Emerging Pattern-Contradictory Propertied classes: Super rich, business and trading class-Don’t care NRT providers Empowered women’s response Adoption of baby girls is on rise among educated career women Parityakta Mukti Sangathana-New support system Awareness among Girls about Child Sex Ratio is very high SHGs and solidarity with girl-child 17Public Interest Litigation: Public Interest Litigation Several Public Interest Litigations (PILs) by Adv. Kamayani against Dr. Malpani who had advertised in his website, ‘How to select the sex of your baby' projects feminist positions; Dr. Malpani has filed PIL in favour of sex selective abortions in the name of “Women’s Choice”. 18Recommendations: 19 Recommendations Concerted efforts must be made to halt declining child sex ratio by judicious implementation of PCPNDT Act, 2002 and stringent punishment to doctors and laboratory owners for abuse of sex determination and sex selection technologies. Treat falling sex ratio as a national emergency Tighten compliance of clinics/medical community with the PCPNDT Act through effective monitoring and supervision Reconstitute monitoring and supervisory boards, minimizing political nominations / postings Stop political interference in the implementation of the lawThank you: 20 Thank you Eliminate Inequality, not Women”. “Destroy Dowry, not Daughters”. Daughter is not for Slaughter Say “No” to Sex-determination, Say “Yes” to Empowerment of Women. Say “No” to Sex Discrimination, Say “Yes” to Gender Justice. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Pre birth Elimination of Girls in Mumbai : Prof. Vibhuti Patel aSGuest112194 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 59 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: August 31, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description Sex ratio (number of women per 1000 men) of Greater Bombay has reduced from 791 in 1991 to 774 in 2001 in spite of rise in its literacy rate. Doctors are using code language so that they can not be booked by police. They don't give anything in writing and nor do they maintain any records to avid medico-legal complications later. Economic globalisation has made import of portable ultrasound machines and sonographic machines very easy. Bombay branch of Indian Medical Association has circulated posters for awareness generation to stop sex selective abortions of female foetuses. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Pre Birth Elimination of Girls in Mumbai: 1 Pre Birth Elimination of Girls in Mumbai Dr. Vibhuti Patel, Director, PGSR Professor and Head, University Department of Economics SNDT Women’s University Churchgate, Mumbai-400020 Email: vibhuti.np@gmail.com Phone-91-022-26770227 Mobile-9321040048Mumbai, recognized as India's finance and film capital: Mumbai, recognized as India's finance and film capital largest Indian metropolis by the sheer number of people who live here - 12 million in the city, going to 16 million if neighbouring areas in Thane district are included. It has a per capita income of just under Rs.50,000, three times the national average. And a literacy rate of 90% for males and 83% for women make it a city of the literate and the informed. The most disturbing fact in the life of Mumbai is declining sex ratio at birth due to selective abortion of female foetuses. Women’s rights activists have called pre-birth elimination of girls, “a Shame of Mumbai”. 2Declining Sex Ratio: 3 Declining Sex Ratio Child Sex Ratio of Mumbai District: 898 (CSR) Overall Sex Ratio Mumbai Matropolis-942 Mumbai suburban - 930 Navi Mumbai - 926 (in different wards ratios vary between 860 to 920) The lowest CSR in Ward A, Colaba & Cuffe Parade- 860 Ward B, P. D’mello Road- 869 CSR of Westen suburbs- 924, Central suburbs- 953 Use of Ultrasonography in Mumbai % of all pregnancy 1986-90 21.4 1990-95 33.5 1996-2000 52.2According to Mumbai Municipal Corporation, Public Health Department: According to Mumbai Municipal Corporation, Public Health Department There were births of total 179861 babies; out of which 93702 male and 86159 female babies in 2006.Thus the child sex ratio at birth of Mumbai was 919.5 girls for 1000 boys during 2006. Deficit of 80.05 girls per every 1000 boys born can be attributed to pre-birth elimination of girls. Ward-wise data of BMC on child sex ratios in different wards of Mumbai reveal that in different wards the ratios vary between 860 & 920. The lowest CSRs are found to be in Ward A, Colaba & Cuffe Parade- 860 and Ward B, P. D’mello Road- 869. CSR of Western suburbs with has been 924 and of Central suburbs is 953; both have predominantly middle and working class population. 4Decline in Fertility in Mumbai: Decline in Fertility in Mumbai As per the Mumbai HDR, an average number of births per woman is between 1.5-2, lower compared to TFR for Maharashtra recorded at 2.31 under NFHS III. Small family norm achieved by exterminating women at pre-birth and pre-conception stage. 5Mutually Reinforing Factors: Mutually Reinforing Factors Increasing prosperity, desire for smaller families and son preference + Lack of professional ethics/regulation and blatant misuse of technology by medical professionals + Development of advanced non-intrusive pre-natal sex determination techniques Affordability and easy availability of the techniques Aggressive marketing of the machines/kits by multinational companies in prosperous areas with demand for such services World Wide Web making advertising and marketing easy across nations 6Data provided by CEHAT and UNFPA Maharashtra: Data provided by CEHAT and UNFPA Maharashtra show that there has been drastic increase in use of Ultrasonography in Mumbai among pregnant women. Within a decade, the percentage of all pregnant women who used Ultrasonography in Mumbai increased from 21.4 during 1986-90 to 52.2 during 1996-2000. Violation of Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT Act) Act, 2002 by money minded and unethical doctors and patriarchal bias against girl child are responsible for deficit of girls in Mumbai. New sex selection kits are also being promoted on internet. 7Findings of Vacha Study: 8 Findings of Vacha Study 2600 girl in 33 BMC schools with 7 medium of instruction from 11 wards- R/N Borivali,K/W Andheri (W), H/W Bandra(W), G/N Dadar Plaza, G/S Elphinston Road, H/E Santacruz(E), N Ghatkopar, M/E Chembur, F/N Dadar-Parel(E), E Byculla, A Colaba. 13% girls lived in Female Headed house Sons in Private & daughters in BMC schools. All of them helped in housework. 3 Cs+ water, ration 60% dropped out after class VII- could not cope up with Maths, Science, English Inadequate food intake, low Body Mass Index, prone to accidents & illnesses, eye & dental problems Mostly given home remedies, not medical attention Absence of child resource centre in all wardsSocio-cultural Background of Son Preference and Neglect of Daughters: Socio-cultural Background of Son Preference and Neglect of Daughters Educated families : small family norm means minimum one or two sons in the family. They can do without daughter. The propertied class do not desire daughter/ daughters because after marriage of the daughter, the son-in-law may demand share in property. Experiences of Larsen & Tuberow Workers during the 1980s. Young educated, technically trained workers wanted 1 0r 2 children, but only boys. They perceived daughters as hurdle for upward mobility. Among Gujaratis, son is treated as “Blank Cheque”. 9Reproductive Health of women: 10 Reproductive Health of women In the age group of 15-44, 46% women were mothers of 1 child, 39% women were mothers of 2 children and 11% women were mothers of 3 children. Thus 85% women in Mumbai in the reproductive age group had either 1 child or 2 children in 2006.Initiatves by BMC: Initiatves by BMC All bodies under PNDT Act namely Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratories or Genetic Clinic cannot function unless registered. They have to maintain records and send a complete report in respect of all pre-conception or pregnancy related procedures/ techniques/ tests by 5 th of the following month to the appropriate authorities. Vigilance Committees- Raids Record of the clinics, sonography machines, public education thro’ mass media, training programme, poster- campaign by the state. Advertisements on Auto Rickshaw, Buses: Empowerment of Women, Educated Girls =National Progress, SD & SP are Crimes, Don’t Indulge in Sex Selection. 11Abandonment of newly born baby girls: Abandonment of newly born baby girls Incidences of discarding newly born baby girls have increased many-fold in recent times. News paper reports need to be corroborated by going thro’ police and hospital records. 12BMC collaborates with IMA & FOGSY: BMC collaborates with IMA & FOGSY The BMC, in response to the falling sex ratio at birth since the last population census, has set up a body — Doctors Against Sex Selection — where doctors, radiologists, sonologists are expected to register themselves and participate in the campaign against sex detection. Raiding of Ultra-sound clinics, Sonography machines sealed 13CEHAT, Laadli, Stree Mukti Sangathana: CEHAT, Laadli, Stree Mukti Sangathana NGOs such as CEHAT, Stree Mukti Sangathana, Laadli (Mumbai’s girl child initiative ) are continuously campaigning, monitoring and providing civil-society support for curbing violation of the PCPNDT Act and promoting positive social image of girls. BMC school teachers, street theatre and Marathi film 14Educational Institutions: Schools Colleges, University: Educational Institutions: Schools Colleges, University Text Book Writers Foundation courses Awareness thro’ NSS Quiz on girl child Introduction of module in courses on Bioethics, co-curricular and extra-curricular programmes of schools and colleges Educational fairs on girls 15 Associations of the Local Elites: Associations of the Local Elites In the 1980s- expressed concern Now, hardly any social issues discussed. Star oriented programmes FOGSI- Brand ambassador-Mr. Bacchan who aspires to have grandson. Tokenism Rich couples use pre-conception sex selection-Jains, catholics 16Emerging Pattern-Contradictory: Emerging Pattern-Contradictory Propertied classes: Super rich, business and trading class-Don’t care NRT providers Empowered women’s response Adoption of baby girls is on rise among educated career women Parityakta Mukti Sangathana-New support system Awareness among Girls about Child Sex Ratio is very high SHGs and solidarity with girl-child 17Public Interest Litigation: Public Interest Litigation Several Public Interest Litigations (PILs) by Adv. Kamayani against Dr. Malpani who had advertised in his website, ‘How to select the sex of your baby' projects feminist positions; Dr. Malpani has filed PIL in favour of sex selective abortions in the name of “Women’s Choice”. 18Recommendations: 19 Recommendations Concerted efforts must be made to halt declining child sex ratio by judicious implementation of PCPNDT Act, 2002 and stringent punishment to doctors and laboratory owners for abuse of sex determination and sex selection technologies. Treat falling sex ratio as a national emergency Tighten compliance of clinics/medical community with the PCPNDT Act through effective monitoring and supervision Reconstitute monitoring and supervisory boards, minimizing political nominations / postings Stop political interference in the implementation of the lawThank you: 20 Thank you Eliminate Inequality, not Women”. “Destroy Dowry, not Daughters”. Daughter is not for Slaughter Say “No” to Sex-determination, Say “Yes” to Empowerment of Women. Say “No” to Sex Discrimination, Say “Yes” to Gender Justice.