logging in or signing up The US recession aSGuest11071 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2764 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (2) Dislike it (0) Added: January 21, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: khanonstream (36 month(s) ago) It really helped me in my presentation. Best of luck. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Vin13 (39 month(s) ago) Its great keep it up...send me if u have something for 2008-09 Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: DECLINE IN REAL GDP INCREASE UNEMPLOYMENT US RECESSION 2001 STOCK MARKET CRASH INCREASE UNCERTAINTY A Presentation by : A Presentation by Gholam Syedain Khan M.Com (2nd Sem.) Roll No. 36 St. Xavier’s College, Calcutta WHAT IS RECESSION??? : WHAT IS RECESSION??? The standard way of defining a recession looks at the value of economic output adjusted for inflation. This measure is known as Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Two consecutive quarters of decline in Real GDP is generally considered to be a recession. THE US RECESSION 2001 : THE US RECESSION 2001 The Us economy shrank in three quarters in the early 2000s (the 3rd quarter of 2000), the first quarter of 2001, and the third quarter of 2001. The US economy was in recession from March 2001 to November 2001, a period of eight months. US RECESSION - 2001 : US RECESSION - 2001 U.S. had a recession in the first three quarters of 2001. US RECESSION - 2001 : US RECESSION - 2001 The 2001 recession saw a 0.6 percent decline from the peak in the fourth quarter of 2000. The U.S. economy took a year to exceed its prior peak in the 1990-91 business cycle. What Happened During 2001… : What Happened During 2001… 2.1 million people lost their jobs, as unemployment rose from 3.9% to 5.8%. GDP growth slowed to 0.8% (compared to 3.9% average annual growth during 1994-2000). Causes of the U.S. recession of 2001 : Causes of the U.S. recession of 2001 1) Stock market decline ? ?C Causes of the U.S. recession : Causes of the U.S. recession 2) 9/11 Terrorist Attack on US increased uncertainty fall in consumer & business confidence result: lower spending, IS curve shifted left reduced stock prices, discouraged investment Response of Fiscal Policy in The U.S. recession : Response of Fiscal Policy in The U.S. recession Fiscal policy response: shifted IS curve right tax cuts in 2001 and 2003 spending increases airline industry bailout Afghanistan war Respone of Monetary Policy in The U.S. recession of 2001 : Respone of Monetary Policy in The U.S. recession of 2001 Monetary policy response: shifted LM curve downward (right) The U.S. Growth Rate, 1999:1-2002:4 : The U.S. Growth Rate, 1999:1-2002:4 The Federal Funds Rate, 1999:1-2002:4 : The Federal Funds Rate, 1999:1-2002:4 US RECESSION 2001 IN IS-LM MODEL : US RECESSION 2001 IN IS-LM MODEL WHAT IS SHOCKS IN THE IS CURVE? : WHAT IS SHOCKS IN THE IS CURVE? Shocks to the IS curve are exogenous changes in the demand for goods and services. Reduction in the demand for investment This leads to the shift of IS curve left, reducing income and expenditure. Sudden increase in consumption shifts the IS curve right, ? ?C and this raises income. WHAT IS LM SHOCKS? : WHAT IS LM SHOCKS? exogenous changes in the demand for money. Examples: more ATMs or the Internet reduce money demand. Thus increase in Money demand shifts the LM curve upward ? Rise in Interest rate & depress income. Summary of IS-LM model : Summary of IS-LM model Several kinds of events can cause economic fluctuations by shifting the IS curve or the LM curve. The U.S. Recession in IS-LM MODEL : The U.S. Recession in IS-LM MODEL What happened in 2001 was the following: The decrease in investment demand led to a sharp shift of the IS curve to the left, from IS to IS”. The increase in the money supply led to a downward shift of the LM curve, from LM to LM’. The decrease in tax rates and the increase in spending both led to a shift of the IS curve to the right, from IS’’ to IS’. How does the IS-LM Model Fit the Facts? : How does the IS-LM Model Fit the Facts? Introducing dynamics formally would be difficult, but we can describe the basic mechanisms in words. Consumers are likely to take some time to adjust their consumption following a change in disposable income. Firms are likely to take some time to adjust investment spending following a change in their sales. Firms are likely to take some time to adjust investment spending following a change in the interest rate. Firms are likely to take some time to adjust production following a change in their sales. How does the IS-LM Model Fit the Facts? : How does the IS-LM Model Fit the Facts? The Empirical Effects of an Increase in the Federal Funds Rate In the short run, an increase in the federal funds rate leads to a decrease in output and to an increase in unemployment, but has little effect on the price level. Panel (a) shows the effects of an increase in the federal funds rate of 1% on retail sales over time. Panel (b) shows how lower sales lead to lower output. Panel (c) shows how lower output leads to lower employment. Panel (d) shows the increase in unemloyment Panel (e) looks at the behavior of the price level. Slide 21: THANK YOU You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
The US recession aSGuest11071 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2764 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (2) Dislike it (0) Added: January 21, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: khanonstream (36 month(s) ago) It really helped me in my presentation. Best of luck. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Vin13 (39 month(s) ago) Its great keep it up...send me if u have something for 2008-09 Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: DECLINE IN REAL GDP INCREASE UNEMPLOYMENT US RECESSION 2001 STOCK MARKET CRASH INCREASE UNCERTAINTY A Presentation by : A Presentation by Gholam Syedain Khan M.Com (2nd Sem.) Roll No. 36 St. Xavier’s College, Calcutta WHAT IS RECESSION??? : WHAT IS RECESSION??? The standard way of defining a recession looks at the value of economic output adjusted for inflation. This measure is known as Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Two consecutive quarters of decline in Real GDP is generally considered to be a recession. THE US RECESSION 2001 : THE US RECESSION 2001 The Us economy shrank in three quarters in the early 2000s (the 3rd quarter of 2000), the first quarter of 2001, and the third quarter of 2001. The US economy was in recession from March 2001 to November 2001, a period of eight months. US RECESSION - 2001 : US RECESSION - 2001 U.S. had a recession in the first three quarters of 2001. US RECESSION - 2001 : US RECESSION - 2001 The 2001 recession saw a 0.6 percent decline from the peak in the fourth quarter of 2000. The U.S. economy took a year to exceed its prior peak in the 1990-91 business cycle. What Happened During 2001… : What Happened During 2001… 2.1 million people lost their jobs, as unemployment rose from 3.9% to 5.8%. GDP growth slowed to 0.8% (compared to 3.9% average annual growth during 1994-2000). Causes of the U.S. recession of 2001 : Causes of the U.S. recession of 2001 1) Stock market decline ? ?C Causes of the U.S. recession : Causes of the U.S. recession 2) 9/11 Terrorist Attack on US increased uncertainty fall in consumer & business confidence result: lower spending, IS curve shifted left reduced stock prices, discouraged investment Response of Fiscal Policy in The U.S. recession : Response of Fiscal Policy in The U.S. recession Fiscal policy response: shifted IS curve right tax cuts in 2001 and 2003 spending increases airline industry bailout Afghanistan war Respone of Monetary Policy in The U.S. recession of 2001 : Respone of Monetary Policy in The U.S. recession of 2001 Monetary policy response: shifted LM curve downward (right) The U.S. Growth Rate, 1999:1-2002:4 : The U.S. Growth Rate, 1999:1-2002:4 The Federal Funds Rate, 1999:1-2002:4 : The Federal Funds Rate, 1999:1-2002:4 US RECESSION 2001 IN IS-LM MODEL : US RECESSION 2001 IN IS-LM MODEL WHAT IS SHOCKS IN THE IS CURVE? : WHAT IS SHOCKS IN THE IS CURVE? Shocks to the IS curve are exogenous changes in the demand for goods and services. Reduction in the demand for investment This leads to the shift of IS curve left, reducing income and expenditure. Sudden increase in consumption shifts the IS curve right, ? ?C and this raises income. WHAT IS LM SHOCKS? : WHAT IS LM SHOCKS? exogenous changes in the demand for money. Examples: more ATMs or the Internet reduce money demand. Thus increase in Money demand shifts the LM curve upward ? Rise in Interest rate & depress income. Summary of IS-LM model : Summary of IS-LM model Several kinds of events can cause economic fluctuations by shifting the IS curve or the LM curve. The U.S. Recession in IS-LM MODEL : The U.S. Recession in IS-LM MODEL What happened in 2001 was the following: The decrease in investment demand led to a sharp shift of the IS curve to the left, from IS to IS”. The increase in the money supply led to a downward shift of the LM curve, from LM to LM’. The decrease in tax rates and the increase in spending both led to a shift of the IS curve to the right, from IS’’ to IS’. How does the IS-LM Model Fit the Facts? : How does the IS-LM Model Fit the Facts? Introducing dynamics formally would be difficult, but we can describe the basic mechanisms in words. Consumers are likely to take some time to adjust their consumption following a change in disposable income. Firms are likely to take some time to adjust investment spending following a change in their sales. Firms are likely to take some time to adjust investment spending following a change in the interest rate. Firms are likely to take some time to adjust production following a change in their sales. How does the IS-LM Model Fit the Facts? : How does the IS-LM Model Fit the Facts? The Empirical Effects of an Increase in the Federal Funds Rate In the short run, an increase in the federal funds rate leads to a decrease in output and to an increase in unemployment, but has little effect on the price level. Panel (a) shows the effects of an increase in the federal funds rate of 1% on retail sales over time. Panel (b) shows how lower sales lead to lower output. Panel (c) shows how lower output leads to lower employment. Panel (d) shows the increase in unemloyment Panel (e) looks at the behavior of the price level. Slide 21: THANK YOU