InformationSystemmanagement

Information System management : 

Information System management Soochow University Library Chen Jiacui

Outline : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen Outline What Is an Information System? Hierarchical structure of IS Types of Information Systems The Systems Development Life Cycle

What is an information system? : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen What is an information system? A system is a group of components working together toward some objective. An information system can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks and data resources that collects, transforms, and communicates information in an organization. People Processes Technology Hardware Software Data Data flows

Slide 4: 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen What is an information system? (cont.) Technology perspective: A set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.

Slide 5: 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen What is an information system? (cont.) A Business Perspective on Information Systems : Information systems are more than just technology. Businesses invest in IS in order to create value and increase profitability. Information systems are an organizational and management solution to business challenges that arise from the business environment. Based on information technology but also require significant investment in organizational and management changes and innovations IS create value primarily by changing business processes and management decision making.

Slide 6: 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen Hierarchical structure of IS

Types of Information Systems : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen Types of Information Systems

Operations Support Systems : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen Operations Support Systems Role is to efficiently process business transactions, control industrial processes, support enterprise communications and collaboration, and update corporate databases Examples Transaction Processing Systems – record and process data from business transactions in one of two ways – batch process and real-time process Process Control Systems – monitor and control physical processes such petroleum refining Enterprise Collaboration Systems – enhance team and workgroup communications and productivity

Management Support Systems : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen Management Support Systems Focus on providing information and support for effective decision making by management Examples Management Information Systems – provide information in forms of reports and displays to managers and other professionals Decision Support Systems – giver direct computer support during the decision making process Executive Information Systems – provide critical information from a wide variety of internal and external sources in an easy to use displays

Types of Information Systems (cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen Types of Information Systems (cont.) Expert Systems – provide export advice for operational chores like equipment diagnostics Knowledge Management Systems – support the creation, organization, and distribution of business knowledge to employees and managers Functional Information Systems – focus on operational and managerial applications in support of basic business functions such as accounting Strategic Information Systems – apply information technology to a firm’s products, services, or business practices to gain a competitive advantage

Types of Information Systems (cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen Types of Information Systems (cont.)

Types of Information Systems (cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen Types of Information Systems (cont.) Three main categories of information systems serve different organizational levels: Operational-level systems: support operational managers, keeping track of the elementary activities and transactions Management-level systems: serve the monitoring, controlling, decision-making, and administrative activities Strategic-level systems: help senior management tackle and address strategic issues

The Systems Development Life Cycle : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC): The six-phased set of activities that brings about a new IT application. Problem Recognition/Preliminary Investigation Requirements Determination Systems Design Development and Construction Implementation Evaluation and Continuing Evolution

The Systems Development Life CycleDefinition (Continued) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life CycleDefinition (Continued)

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) Preliminary Investigation: The first phase of the systems development life cycle, in which the merits and feasibility of a project proposal are determined. Three types of feasibility Operational Financial/Economic Technical

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) Requirements Determination: The second phase of the systems development life cycle, in which the current business situation is studied to determine who is involved, what data and information are needed, and how the current system can be improved.

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) Two types of Improvement Process Improvement: An improvement in the way a business works. Process: A structured activity that leads to a set of results (output). Business Improvement Offering New Products and Services Speeding Up Business Processes Reducing the Cost of Products and Services Entering New Regions or Markets

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.)

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.)

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) Systems Design: The third phase of the systems development life cycle, in which requirements are translated into design specifications. Three steps Preliminary (Conceptual) Design Prototyping: A working model of an IT application. Detailed (Physical) Design Output: Information and Results Layout Description: A chart that shows the exact location of data and information on a computer screen or in a printed report.

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.)

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.)

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) Three steps Detailed (Physical) Design Input: Data and Information for Processing Stored Data: Databases and Files Processing and Procedures Controls

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.)

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.)

The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle(cont.) Development and Construction Principal Activities Acquisition of Software and Services Programming Testing Software Testing: The testing of software programs to ensure that the software will not produce unexpected or incorrect results or interruptions during processing. Test Data: Experimental files used to test software. System Testing: The testing of a complete system – software, procedures, and guidelines.

The Systems Development Life Cycle (Cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle (Cont.)

The Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.) Implementation Three important aspects of Training: The process by which people are taught how to use a system. Site Preparation: The activities involved in preparing for the installation of a new system. Conversion Strategies Conversion Plan: A description of all the activities that must occur to change over to a new system. Direct Cut Over Strategy: A conversion plan in which people abruptly stop using an old system and immediately begin using a new one.

The Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.) Three important aspects of Implementation Conversion Strategies Parallel Systems Strategy: A conversion plan in which the old and the new system are used together for a period of time, with the old system being gradually phased out. Pilot Conversion Strategy: A conversion plan in which a working version of a new system is implemented in one group or department to test it before it is installed throughout the entire business. Phase-in Strategy: A conversion plan in which a new system is gradually phased in throughout the organization or department over a certain period of time.

The Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.)

The Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.) : 

2009-1-15 SUL-Jane Chen The Systems Development Life Cycle (cont.) Evaluation: To determine if the system can deliver the expected level of usability and usefulness and provide the anticipated benefits.