logging in or signing up Sensors aSGuest10635 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 341 Category: Business & Fin.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: January 15, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: avaparker (15 month(s) ago) [BBcode="http://www.backup-sensor.com"]anchortext[/BBcode] Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: avaparker (15 month(s) ago) Are you looking a low cost vehicles. we designed for all cars, SUVs, trucks, vans, or full-size sedans. This affordable parking sensor enhances the process of parallel and backup parking designed for your concerns about safety and for vehicles that have poor rear visibility. you can find all types vehicles through our search listings. click and choose the your own car. ============ ===================================== [link="http://www.backup-sensor.com"]anchortext[/link] Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: avaparker (15 month(s) ago) Are you looking a low cost vehicles. we designed for all cars, SUVs, trucks, vans, or full-size sedans. This affordable parking sensor enhances the process of parallel and backup parking designed for your concerns about safety and for vehicles that have poor rear visibility. you can find all types vehicles through our search listings. click and choose the your own car. ================================================= [link=http://www.backup-sensor.com]anchortext[/link] Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: avaparker (15 month(s) ago) Are you looking a low cost vehicles. we designed for all cars, SUVs, trucks, vans, or full-size sedans. This affordable parking sensor enhances the process of parallel and backup parking designed for your concerns about safety and for vehicles that have poor rear visibility. you can find all types vehicles through our search listings. click and choose the your own car. ==================== www.backup-sensor.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: avaparker (15 month(s) ago) Are you looking a low cost vehicles. we designed for all cars, SUVs, trucks, vans, or full-size sedans. This affordable parking sensor enhances the process of parallel and backup parking designed for your concerns about safety and for vehicles that have poor rear visibility. you can find all types vehicles through our search listings. click and choose the your own car =============================== [url="http://www.backup-sensor.com"]parking sensors[/url] Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Robot SensorsAn Overview : Robot SensorsAn Overview By S.D. Kaehler - SRS Secretary December 16, 2006 – SRS Monthly Meeting Robot Sensors : Robot Sensors Why do Robots Need Sensors? What can be Sensed? What Sensors are Out There? What can They do? How Much do They Cost? How Easy are They to Use? Why Do Robots Need Sensors? : Why Do Robots Need Sensors? Provides “awareness” of surroundings What’s ahead, around, “out there”? Allows interaction with environment Robot lawn mower can “see” cut grass Protection & Self-Preservation Safety, Damage Prevention, Stairwell sensor Gives the robot capability to goal-seek Find colorful objects, seek goals Makes robots “interesting” Sensors - What Can Be Sensed? : Sensors - What Can Be Sensed? Light Presence, color, intensity, content (mod), direction Sound Presence, frequency, intensity, content (mod), direction Heat Temperature, wavelength, magnitude, direction Chemicals Presence, concentration, identity, etc. Object Proximity Presence/absence, distance, bearing, color, etc. Physical orientation/attitude/position Magnitude, pitch, roll, yaw, coordinates, etc. Sensors - What Can Be Sensed? : Sensors - What Can Be Sensed? Magnetic & Electric Fields Presence, magnitude, orientation, content (mod) Resistance (electrical, indirectly via V/I) Presence, magnitude, etc. Capacitance (via excitation/oscillation) Presence, magnitude, etc. Inductance (via excitation/oscillation) Presence, magnitude, etc. Other Things? What Sensors Are Out There? : What Sensors Are Out There? Feelers (Whiskers, Bumpers) – Mechanical Photoelectric (Visible) – Active & Passive Infrared (light) – Active & Passive Ultrasonic (sound) – Active & Passive Sonic – Active & Passive Resistive/Capacitive/Inductive – Active & Passive What Sensors Are Out There? : What Sensors Are Out There? Visual – Cameras & Arrays (Active & Passive) Color Sensors (Active & Passive) Magnetic (Active & Passive) Orientation (Pitch & Roll) GPS (location, altitude) Compass (orientation, bearing) Voltage – Electric Field Sensors Current – Magnetic Field Sensors Chemical – Smoke Detectors, Gas Sensors A Closer Look : A Closer Look Sensors – Feelers : Sensors – Feelers Whiskers Piano wire suspended through conductive “hoop” Deflection causes contact with “hoop” Springy wire that touches studs when deflected Reaches beyond robot a few inches Simple, cheap, binary output Bumpers & Guards Impact/Collision sensor, senses pressure/contact Microswitches & wires or framework that moves Simple, cheap, binary output, easy to read Feelers - Whiskers : Feelers - Whiskers Feelers - Bumpers & Guards : Feelers - Bumpers & Guards From Kevin Ross’s “Getting Started Article (SRS Website) Sensors – IR : Sensors – IR Active (emitting) Oscillator generates IR reflections off objects Filtered receiver looks for “reflections” Pulses may be encoded for better discrimination Typically frequencies around 40KHz Doesn’t work well with dark, flat colored objects Passive (sensor only) Pyro-electric (heat sensor) Look for IR emissions from people & animals Used in security systems & motion detectors Infrared - Active : Infrared - Active $30 from Lynxmotion July 99 Encoder Active IR Sensor Specs : Active IR Sensor Specs Sensor type = Reflective IR IR detector = Panasonic PNA4602M IR LED type = Narrow focus 10º I/O required = 3 digital lines: 2 outputs, 1 input Range = Approximately 4“ to 26" Input voltage = 5vdc regulated @ 8mA PC board size = 2.3" x .75" Linear Array IR Range Sensors : Linear Array IR Range Sensors Sharp GP2Dxx (one of many) ~4 to 30cm Range Fixed Range with Discrete Output Analog or Digital Output Easy to Use Laser Range Sensors : Laser Range Sensors USB Interface 240º Field of View 0.36º Angular Resolution 10Hz Refresh Rate 20mm to 4m $2695 (cool but pricey) Also See: Oct 2001 Encoder Kenneth Maxon Passive IR – Pyro-Electric : Passive IR – Pyro-Electric $66 from Acroname Dec 2000, Sept 2001 Encoder The Model 442-3 IR-EYE is a Lithium Tantalate pyroelectric parallel opposed dual-element high-gain detector with complete integral analog signal processing. Sensors – Ultrasonic : Sensors – Ultrasonic Active Emit pulses & listen for echos Times round trip sound travel (~1ft/mS) Reaches far fairly beyond robot (inches to 30-50’) Relatively simple, not cheap, analog output Directional; not everything reflects sound well Passive (listens only) Sensor listens for ultrasonic sounds Electronics may translate frequency or modulation Software may perform signal analysis (FFTs, etc.) Ultrasonic - Active : Ultrasonic - Active $27 $134 $49 Visit http://www.acroname.com for more information about these & other products. Search the web for “polaroid ultrasonic sensor” Sensors – Ultrasonic (cont.) : Sensors – Ultrasonic (cont.) Passive - Beacons & Sensors Beacons listen: RF command to broadcast Send light & sound pulses Robot looks & listens for each beacon Light pulse starts timer, sound pulse stops it Robot knows location of each beacon Compass on robot provides its orientation Robot computes distance, measures bearing Robot can then compute its location (Speed of Light=1 ft/nS, Speed of Sound=1ft/mS) Ultrasonic - Passive : Ultrasonic - Passive Beacon1 Beacon2 Sound Pulse Sound Pulse Robot Light Pulse BEACON RF Receiver IR Emitter Ultrasonic Emitter Beacon3 Light Pulse Sound Pulse ROBOT RF Transmitter IR Receiver Ultrasonic Receiver Light Pulse Sensors – Sonic (Acoustic) : Sensors – Sonic (Acoustic) Active Emit pulses & listen for echos Times round trip sound travel (~1ft/mS) Reaches far fairly beyond robot (30-50 ft) Relatively simple, not cheap, analog output Directional, not everything reflects sound Noisy!!!! Passive (sensor only) Sensor listens to ambient sounds Filters or scans selected frequencies ADC measures conditioned signal amplitude CPU performs signal analysis on what it hears Sonic (Acoustic) - Passive : Sonic (Acoustic) - Passive TI (Burr-Brown) UAF42 Universal Active Filter http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/sbfa002/sbfa002.pdf Sensors – Resistance : Sensors – Resistance Passive (sensor only) Measures elec. resistance between objects Measure sensor that varies resistance Use absolute or differential readings Other ideas? Sensors – Capacitive : Sensors – Capacitive Passive Really doesn’t work (Needs excitation) Active (emitting) Generate AC or DC voltage Apply to external environment Measure current to determine Resistance Short range applications Sensors - Capacitive : Sensors - Capacitive Sensors - Capacitive : Sensors - Capacitive Emit an electric field below the sensor. Nulled to a known “void” wall area. Detect capacitance difference due to underlying material density. Sensors – Inductive : Sensors – Inductive Passive Really doesn’t work (Needs excitation) Active (emitting) Current flows through inductor Magnetic field mostly ignores non-metals Inductance changes with metallic proximity Short range applications Sensors - Inductive : Sensors - Inductive Passive Really doesn’t work (Needs excitation) Active (emitting) Metals affect sensor Current flows through inductor Magnetic field mostly ignores non-metals Inductance changes with metallic proximity Short range applications (~cm or mm) Sensors – Visual : Sensors – Visual Active (emitting) Camera with field of view illumination Looks for particular reflections Filter removes non-significant light sources Linear array senses single axis of motion Passive (camera only) Scans field of interest Looks for objects, artifacts, features of interest Processes digital data to simplified interpretation Sensors – Visual : Sensors – Visual CMUCam Linear Optical Array Sensors – Color : Sensors – Color Active (emitting) Selective field illumination (specific color(s)) Sensor filter removes extraneous light sources Output can be analog (prop.) or digital (on/off) Passive (sensors only) Different sensors for different colors Color filter removes extraneous light sources Output can be analog (prop.) or digital (on/off) Sensors – Color : Sensors – Color http://robotroom.com/ColorSensor.html Sensors – Magnetic : Sensors – Magnetic Active (emitting) Metal detectors Follows metallic strips on or under the floor Magnetometer Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Passive (sensors only) Compass Magnetic field sensor (?oscillating current) Sensors – Magnetic : Sensors – Magnetic From HowStuffWorks.com & RadiologyInfo.org Sensors – Orientation : Sensors – Orientation Rate Gyros Output proportional to angular rotation speed Integrate to get position Differentiate to get acceleration DC Accelerometer Output proportional to sine of vertical angle Sensors – Motion : Sensors – Motion Rate Gyro – Silicon Sensing Systems Servo Accel – Sensorland.com Sensors – Position/Location : Sensors – Position/Location Wheel Encoders Relative position & motion Integrate/Differentiate for other parameters Global Positioning System Absolute position/location on earth Local differential error correction Integrate/Differentiate for other parameters Wheel Encoders : Wheel Encoders Nubotics.com, $27 Jun 98, Oct 2000 Encoder Sensors – Position/Location : Sensors – Position/Location Parallax.com $80 Sensors – Compass (Orientation) : Sensors – Compass (Orientation) Track bearing & distance to determine position L: Parallax.com, $30 R: Dinsmoresensors.com, $13-$37 Sensors – Voltage : Sensors – Voltage Passive – Senses electric field Fluke Electric Field Sensors $23 $24 $25 Sensors – Current : Sensors – Current Series measurement with Hall Effect device Current loop (coil), then amplified Magnetoresistive (Wheatstone bridge) Sensors – Current : Sensors – Current Sensors – Current : Sensors – Current Sensors – Chemical : Sensors – Chemical Passive (sensors only) Active (optical emitter/photo sensor) Sensors – Chemical : Sensors – Chemical Smoke Detectors - Cheap, readily available, $5 Oxygen concentration sensors - CO, H4S, CH4, pricey See HowStuffWorks.com Sensors – Conclusion : Sensors – Conclusion Sensors provide a way of simulating “aliveness” Sensors give robots environmental awareness Sensors provide of means of human protection Sensors help robot preserve itself Sensors enable goal seeking Sensors enable closed-loop interaction Sensors make robots interesting Sensors can make programming “challenging” SensorsQ&ACommentsDiscussion : SensorsQ&ACommentsDiscussion Backup Slides : Backup Slides Parallax Sensor Sampler - $165 : Parallax Sensor Sampler - $165 Memsic 2125 Accelerometer Sensirion Temperature and Humidity Sensor Flexiforce Demo Kit PING))) Ultrasonic Sensor PIR Sensor Hitachi HM55B Compass Module Hitachi H48C Tri-Axis Accelerometer Module Piezo Film Vibra Tab Mass QTI Sensor (IR Surface Color) Sensor Vendor/Info Links : Sensor Vendor/Info Links http://www.dinsmoresensors.com http://www.fluke.com http://www.howstuffworks.com http:// www.lynxmotion.com http://www.magnetometer.org http:// www.nubotics.com http:// www.parallax.com http://www.raztec.co.nz http:// www.robotics.com http:// www.robotroom.com http://www.sensorland.com http://www.seattlerobotics.org/encoder http:// www.solarbotics.com Demo Equipment : Demo Equipment Fluke E-Field Detectors (big+small) Stud finder Light Chaser Robots Sharp IR Distance Sensor Polaroid Camera (Ultrasonic Sensor) Rate Gyro IR Detector (TV Remote) Motion detector Smoke detector Electronic compasses Ask people to bring in their sensory stuff Laser pointer, video camera+tripod, light, cables You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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Sensors aSGuest10635 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 341 Category: Business & Fin.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: January 15, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: avaparker (15 month(s) ago) [BBcode="http://www.backup-sensor.com"]anchortext[/BBcode] Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: avaparker (15 month(s) ago) Are you looking a low cost vehicles. we designed for all cars, SUVs, trucks, vans, or full-size sedans. This affordable parking sensor enhances the process of parallel and backup parking designed for your concerns about safety and for vehicles that have poor rear visibility. you can find all types vehicles through our search listings. click and choose the your own car. ============ ===================================== [link="http://www.backup-sensor.com"]anchortext[/link] Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: avaparker (15 month(s) ago) Are you looking a low cost vehicles. we designed for all cars, SUVs, trucks, vans, or full-size sedans. This affordable parking sensor enhances the process of parallel and backup parking designed for your concerns about safety and for vehicles that have poor rear visibility. you can find all types vehicles through our search listings. click and choose the your own car. ================================================= [link=http://www.backup-sensor.com]anchortext[/link] Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: avaparker (15 month(s) ago) Are you looking a low cost vehicles. we designed for all cars, SUVs, trucks, vans, or full-size sedans. This affordable parking sensor enhances the process of parallel and backup parking designed for your concerns about safety and for vehicles that have poor rear visibility. you can find all types vehicles through our search listings. click and choose the your own car. ==================== www.backup-sensor.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: avaparker (15 month(s) ago) Are you looking a low cost vehicles. we designed for all cars, SUVs, trucks, vans, or full-size sedans. This affordable parking sensor enhances the process of parallel and backup parking designed for your concerns about safety and for vehicles that have poor rear visibility. you can find all types vehicles through our search listings. click and choose the your own car =============================== [url="http://www.backup-sensor.com"]parking sensors[/url] Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Robot SensorsAn Overview : Robot SensorsAn Overview By S.D. Kaehler - SRS Secretary December 16, 2006 – SRS Monthly Meeting Robot Sensors : Robot Sensors Why do Robots Need Sensors? What can be Sensed? What Sensors are Out There? What can They do? How Much do They Cost? How Easy are They to Use? Why Do Robots Need Sensors? : Why Do Robots Need Sensors? Provides “awareness” of surroundings What’s ahead, around, “out there”? Allows interaction with environment Robot lawn mower can “see” cut grass Protection & Self-Preservation Safety, Damage Prevention, Stairwell sensor Gives the robot capability to goal-seek Find colorful objects, seek goals Makes robots “interesting” Sensors - What Can Be Sensed? : Sensors - What Can Be Sensed? Light Presence, color, intensity, content (mod), direction Sound Presence, frequency, intensity, content (mod), direction Heat Temperature, wavelength, magnitude, direction Chemicals Presence, concentration, identity, etc. Object Proximity Presence/absence, distance, bearing, color, etc. Physical orientation/attitude/position Magnitude, pitch, roll, yaw, coordinates, etc. Sensors - What Can Be Sensed? : Sensors - What Can Be Sensed? Magnetic & Electric Fields Presence, magnitude, orientation, content (mod) Resistance (electrical, indirectly via V/I) Presence, magnitude, etc. Capacitance (via excitation/oscillation) Presence, magnitude, etc. Inductance (via excitation/oscillation) Presence, magnitude, etc. Other Things? What Sensors Are Out There? : What Sensors Are Out There? Feelers (Whiskers, Bumpers) – Mechanical Photoelectric (Visible) – Active & Passive Infrared (light) – Active & Passive Ultrasonic (sound) – Active & Passive Sonic – Active & Passive Resistive/Capacitive/Inductive – Active & Passive What Sensors Are Out There? : What Sensors Are Out There? Visual – Cameras & Arrays (Active & Passive) Color Sensors (Active & Passive) Magnetic (Active & Passive) Orientation (Pitch & Roll) GPS (location, altitude) Compass (orientation, bearing) Voltage – Electric Field Sensors Current – Magnetic Field Sensors Chemical – Smoke Detectors, Gas Sensors A Closer Look : A Closer Look Sensors – Feelers : Sensors – Feelers Whiskers Piano wire suspended through conductive “hoop” Deflection causes contact with “hoop” Springy wire that touches studs when deflected Reaches beyond robot a few inches Simple, cheap, binary output Bumpers & Guards Impact/Collision sensor, senses pressure/contact Microswitches & wires or framework that moves Simple, cheap, binary output, easy to read Feelers - Whiskers : Feelers - Whiskers Feelers - Bumpers & Guards : Feelers - Bumpers & Guards From Kevin Ross’s “Getting Started Article (SRS Website) Sensors – IR : Sensors – IR Active (emitting) Oscillator generates IR reflections off objects Filtered receiver looks for “reflections” Pulses may be encoded for better discrimination Typically frequencies around 40KHz Doesn’t work well with dark, flat colored objects Passive (sensor only) Pyro-electric (heat sensor) Look for IR emissions from people & animals Used in security systems & motion detectors Infrared - Active : Infrared - Active $30 from Lynxmotion July 99 Encoder Active IR Sensor Specs : Active IR Sensor Specs Sensor type = Reflective IR IR detector = Panasonic PNA4602M IR LED type = Narrow focus 10º I/O required = 3 digital lines: 2 outputs, 1 input Range = Approximately 4“ to 26" Input voltage = 5vdc regulated @ 8mA PC board size = 2.3" x .75" Linear Array IR Range Sensors : Linear Array IR Range Sensors Sharp GP2Dxx (one of many) ~4 to 30cm Range Fixed Range with Discrete Output Analog or Digital Output Easy to Use Laser Range Sensors : Laser Range Sensors USB Interface 240º Field of View 0.36º Angular Resolution 10Hz Refresh Rate 20mm to 4m $2695 (cool but pricey) Also See: Oct 2001 Encoder Kenneth Maxon Passive IR – Pyro-Electric : Passive IR – Pyro-Electric $66 from Acroname Dec 2000, Sept 2001 Encoder The Model 442-3 IR-EYE is a Lithium Tantalate pyroelectric parallel opposed dual-element high-gain detector with complete integral analog signal processing. Sensors – Ultrasonic : Sensors – Ultrasonic Active Emit pulses & listen for echos Times round trip sound travel (~1ft/mS) Reaches far fairly beyond robot (inches to 30-50’) Relatively simple, not cheap, analog output Directional; not everything reflects sound well Passive (listens only) Sensor listens for ultrasonic sounds Electronics may translate frequency or modulation Software may perform signal analysis (FFTs, etc.) Ultrasonic - Active : Ultrasonic - Active $27 $134 $49 Visit http://www.acroname.com for more information about these & other products. Search the web for “polaroid ultrasonic sensor” Sensors – Ultrasonic (cont.) : Sensors – Ultrasonic (cont.) Passive - Beacons & Sensors Beacons listen: RF command to broadcast Send light & sound pulses Robot looks & listens for each beacon Light pulse starts timer, sound pulse stops it Robot knows location of each beacon Compass on robot provides its orientation Robot computes distance, measures bearing Robot can then compute its location (Speed of Light=1 ft/nS, Speed of Sound=1ft/mS) Ultrasonic - Passive : Ultrasonic - Passive Beacon1 Beacon2 Sound Pulse Sound Pulse Robot Light Pulse BEACON RF Receiver IR Emitter Ultrasonic Emitter Beacon3 Light Pulse Sound Pulse ROBOT RF Transmitter IR Receiver Ultrasonic Receiver Light Pulse Sensors – Sonic (Acoustic) : Sensors – Sonic (Acoustic) Active Emit pulses & listen for echos Times round trip sound travel (~1ft/mS) Reaches far fairly beyond robot (30-50 ft) Relatively simple, not cheap, analog output Directional, not everything reflects sound Noisy!!!! Passive (sensor only) Sensor listens to ambient sounds Filters or scans selected frequencies ADC measures conditioned signal amplitude CPU performs signal analysis on what it hears Sonic (Acoustic) - Passive : Sonic (Acoustic) - Passive TI (Burr-Brown) UAF42 Universal Active Filter http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/sbfa002/sbfa002.pdf Sensors – Resistance : Sensors – Resistance Passive (sensor only) Measures elec. resistance between objects Measure sensor that varies resistance Use absolute or differential readings Other ideas? Sensors – Capacitive : Sensors – Capacitive Passive Really doesn’t work (Needs excitation) Active (emitting) Generate AC or DC voltage Apply to external environment Measure current to determine Resistance Short range applications Sensors - Capacitive : Sensors - Capacitive Sensors - Capacitive : Sensors - Capacitive Emit an electric field below the sensor. Nulled to a known “void” wall area. Detect capacitance difference due to underlying material density. Sensors – Inductive : Sensors – Inductive Passive Really doesn’t work (Needs excitation) Active (emitting) Current flows through inductor Magnetic field mostly ignores non-metals Inductance changes with metallic proximity Short range applications Sensors - Inductive : Sensors - Inductive Passive Really doesn’t work (Needs excitation) Active (emitting) Metals affect sensor Current flows through inductor Magnetic field mostly ignores non-metals Inductance changes with metallic proximity Short range applications (~cm or mm) Sensors – Visual : Sensors – Visual Active (emitting) Camera with field of view illumination Looks for particular reflections Filter removes non-significant light sources Linear array senses single axis of motion Passive (camera only) Scans field of interest Looks for objects, artifacts, features of interest Processes digital data to simplified interpretation Sensors – Visual : Sensors – Visual CMUCam Linear Optical Array Sensors – Color : Sensors – Color Active (emitting) Selective field illumination (specific color(s)) Sensor filter removes extraneous light sources Output can be analog (prop.) or digital (on/off) Passive (sensors only) Different sensors for different colors Color filter removes extraneous light sources Output can be analog (prop.) or digital (on/off) Sensors – Color : Sensors – Color http://robotroom.com/ColorSensor.html Sensors – Magnetic : Sensors – Magnetic Active (emitting) Metal detectors Follows metallic strips on or under the floor Magnetometer Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Passive (sensors only) Compass Magnetic field sensor (?oscillating current) Sensors – Magnetic : Sensors – Magnetic From HowStuffWorks.com & RadiologyInfo.org Sensors – Orientation : Sensors – Orientation Rate Gyros Output proportional to angular rotation speed Integrate to get position Differentiate to get acceleration DC Accelerometer Output proportional to sine of vertical angle Sensors – Motion : Sensors – Motion Rate Gyro – Silicon Sensing Systems Servo Accel – Sensorland.com Sensors – Position/Location : Sensors – Position/Location Wheel Encoders Relative position & motion Integrate/Differentiate for other parameters Global Positioning System Absolute position/location on earth Local differential error correction Integrate/Differentiate for other parameters Wheel Encoders : Wheel Encoders Nubotics.com, $27 Jun 98, Oct 2000 Encoder Sensors – Position/Location : Sensors – Position/Location Parallax.com $80 Sensors – Compass (Orientation) : Sensors – Compass (Orientation) Track bearing & distance to determine position L: Parallax.com, $30 R: Dinsmoresensors.com, $13-$37 Sensors – Voltage : Sensors – Voltage Passive – Senses electric field Fluke Electric Field Sensors $23 $24 $25 Sensors – Current : Sensors – Current Series measurement with Hall Effect device Current loop (coil), then amplified Magnetoresistive (Wheatstone bridge) Sensors – Current : Sensors – Current Sensors – Current : Sensors – Current Sensors – Chemical : Sensors – Chemical Passive (sensors only) Active (optical emitter/photo sensor) Sensors – Chemical : Sensors – Chemical Smoke Detectors - Cheap, readily available, $5 Oxygen concentration sensors - CO, H4S, CH4, pricey See HowStuffWorks.com Sensors – Conclusion : Sensors – Conclusion Sensors provide a way of simulating “aliveness” Sensors give robots environmental awareness Sensors provide of means of human protection Sensors help robot preserve itself Sensors enable goal seeking Sensors enable closed-loop interaction Sensors make robots interesting Sensors can make programming “challenging” SensorsQ&ACommentsDiscussion : SensorsQ&ACommentsDiscussion Backup Slides : Backup Slides Parallax Sensor Sampler - $165 : Parallax Sensor Sampler - $165 Memsic 2125 Accelerometer Sensirion Temperature and Humidity Sensor Flexiforce Demo Kit PING))) Ultrasonic Sensor PIR Sensor Hitachi HM55B Compass Module Hitachi H48C Tri-Axis Accelerometer Module Piezo Film Vibra Tab Mass QTI Sensor (IR Surface Color) Sensor Vendor/Info Links : Sensor Vendor/Info Links http://www.dinsmoresensors.com http://www.fluke.com http://www.howstuffworks.com http:// www.lynxmotion.com http://www.magnetometer.org http:// www.nubotics.com http:// www.parallax.com http://www.raztec.co.nz http:// www.robotics.com http:// www.robotroom.com http://www.sensorland.com http://www.seattlerobotics.org/encoder http:// www.solarbotics.com Demo Equipment : Demo Equipment Fluke E-Field Detectors (big+small) Stud finder Light Chaser Robots Sharp IR Distance Sensor Polaroid Camera (Ultrasonic Sensor) Rate Gyro IR Detector (TV Remote) Motion detector Smoke detector Electronic compasses Ask people to bring in their sensory stuff Laser pointer, video camera+tripod, light, cables