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Business Customs in Global Marketing : 

1 Business Customs in Global Marketing Cateora and Graham Chapter 5

Agenda : 

2 Agenda Business Relationship Adaptation Methods of Doing Business Business Ethics Business Customs and the Internet

Ten Basic Criteria of Adaptation : 

3 Ten Basic Criteria of Adaptation Open tolerance Flexibility Humility Justice/fairness Adjusting to different tempos Curiosity/interests Knowledge of the country

Ten Basic Criteria of Adaptation Cont. : 

4 Ten Basic Criteria of Adaptation Cont. Liking for others Ability to command respect Ability to integrate oneself into the environment

Business Considerations : 

5 Business Considerations An international marketer needs to have an understanding of the cultural: Imperatives Adiaphora Exclusives

Cultural Imperatives : 

6 Cultural Imperatives Cultural imperatives are the cultural customs that must be observed by the marketer when doing business. These practices must be followed, otherwise you run the risk of insulting the person you are doing business with.

Cultural Imperatives Questions : 

7 Cultural Imperatives Questions Are there any business customs of the potential client that are imperative to know? Where is business usually conducted? Are there any business customs you are not able to meet?

Cultural Adiaphora : 

8 Cultural Adiaphora Cultural Adiaphora are the business customs or cultural practices which are permissible to partake in, but not necessary. When not participating in a particular custom, you should do so with graciousness. Participating in these customs may go a long way in building a good rapport with the client.

Cultural Adiaphora Questions : 

9 Cultural Adiaphora Questions Would I offend my potential client if I partake or not partake in a particular custom? What is the standard way of opting out of an optional business custom?

Cultural Exclusives : 

10 Cultural Exclusives Cultural Exclusives are the business practices or customs that are reserved exclusively for the local which are forbidden to foreigners. Many of these exclusivities are related to religion. You should attempt to avoid most political discussion in conversation.

Cultural Exclusives : 

11 Cultural Exclusives What rituals or practices of the culture I am doing business with are reserved for the local population?

Methods of Doing Business : 

12 Methods of Doing Business Methods of doing business can vary not only across culture, but within cultures. Methods of doing business can vary in: Levels of Authority Management Objectives Communication Emphasis Formality and Tempo Negotiations Gender Attitudes

Levels of Authority : 

13 Levels of Authority There are three general authority patterns which describes who makes the decision in an organization: Top-level management Decentralized Committee or group

Levels of Authority Question : 

14 Levels of Authority Question What level of authority does the person you are interacting with have in making decisions? What is the best way to get to the decision maker?

Management Objectives : 

15 Management Objectives Understanding the manager’s objectives can be an important tool when doing international marketing. Management objectives can be broadly classified in the following areas: Personal Goals Security and Mobility Personal Life Social Acceptance Power

Management Objective Questions : 

16 Management Objective Questions What is the management objectives of the person I am dealing with? How do these objectives affect the decision he could potentially make? How can I tailor my product around the manager’s objectives?

Communication Emphasis : 

17 Communication Emphasis Communications should be kept formal both in written and spoken form. Communication may go far beyond words. Depending on the society you are doing business with, how you say something is as important as what you say.

Low Versus High Context Language : 

18 Low Versus High Context Language A low context language is one that is heavily dependent on explicit verbal expression. Swiss, German, Scandinavian A high context language is one that relies heavily on the context or nonverbal communications. Japanese, Arabian, Latin American

Communication Questions : 

19 Communication Questions When doing business in a foreign country, how important is the context of the language when conversing? What constitutes a confirmation or denial in the language you are doing business in?

Formality : 

20 Formality Formality relates to the level of respect and manners you give to your customer. As a marketer, you must know what the formal rules are for dealing with customers.

Formality Questions : 

21 Formality Questions What is the proper greetings for the person you are doing business with? When and where is it appropriate to talk business? What is appropriate side discussion? What is the formal business dress?

Tempo and Time : 

22 Tempo and Time Tempo is related to how you deal with time and the use of it. How cultures handle time can be viewed in the following: Polychronic Time (P-Time) Monochronic Time (M-Time)

P Versus M-Time : 

23 P Versus M-Time M-Time tends to focus on doing one thing at a time. It tends to view time as linear and is usually related to low-context cultures. P-Time tends to focus on doing many things at a time. It tends to focus on many tasks at once and is usually seen in high context cultures.

Tempo Questions : 

24 Tempo Questions How does the client consider usage of time? Are you coming off to hasty in your business dealings? Are you losing out because you are not following the tempo of your client/customer?

Negotiations : 

25 Negotiations Negotiation tactics differ greatly from one country to the other. Much care must be taken with someone from a foreign culture so you do not offend. By not understanding a culture’s negotiation tactics, you run the risk of putting yourself at a disadvantage.

Negotiation Questions to Consider : 

26 Negotiation Questions to Consider Does the culture you are dealing with like to bargain? Does the culture your dealing with get insulted if you try to negotiate to much? What aspect of fairness comes into negotiations?

Gender Bias : 

27 Gender Bias It exists both at home and abroad. There is no correct way of dealing with gender bias. The worst thing to do is go into a culture and try to change its view. The best thing to do is understand why the bias exists and try to work around it.

Business Ethics : 

28 Business Ethics What people believe is right or wrong can be different for every culture. The standard issue related to business ethics in international marketing usually is related to bribery. The other major issue related to ethics is socially responsible acts.

Bribery : 

29 Bribery Bribery is related to giving someone money to seek an unlawful advantage. Extortion is when a payment is requested for you to get an unlawful advantage. Lubrication is money being given to facilitate or expedite an event to occur.

Social Responsibility : 

30 Social Responsibility Social responsibility of the marketer pertains to: Employment practices and policies Consumer protection Environmental protection Political payments and involvement in political affairs Basic human rights and fundamental freedoms

Social Responsibility Questions : 

31 Social Responsibility Questions Is it legal? Is it right? How will the public and vested stakeholders view your actions?

Business Customs and the Internet : 

32 Business Customs and the Internet Language on a website is one of the most important considerations. Since your website can be anywhere in the world, special consideration should be taken as to the colors and symbols you use on the website. Care should be taken when designing a website to make sure it is intuitive to the client.