CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY UNIT-I :

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY UNIT-I PROKARYOTES & EUKARYOTES

PROKARYATES:

PROKARYATES Prokaryote cells are smaller and simpler Commonly known as bacteria 10-100 microns in size Single-celled unicellular) or Filamentous (strings of single cells) Mycoplasma : smallest cell; 0.2 μ m in diameter, no cell wall. Cyanobacteria: capable of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation; survive almost everywhere. E. coli : a convenient protein synthesis machine;

EUKARYOTES:

EUKARYOTES Bigger and more complex Have organized organelles Can be multicellular Includes plants and animal cells Protozoan or metazoan

DIFFERENTIATION:

DIFFERENTIATION Structures and components Lifestyle (feeding,locomotion,reproduction)

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PROKARYOTE LIFESTYLE unicellular : all alone colony : forms a film filamentous : forms a chain of cells

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PROKARYOTE FEEDING Photosynthetic : energy from sunlight Disease-causing : feed on living things Decomposers : feed on dead things

SHAPES :

SHAPES

STRUCTURE:

STRUCTURE capsule : slimy outer coating cell wall : tougher middle layer cell membrane : delicate inner skin cytoplasm : inner liquid filling DNA in one big loop pilli : for sticking to things flagella : for swimming ribosomes : for building proteins

COMPONENTS:

COMPONENTS Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nuclear Zone DNA Plasmid Cell Membrane Mesosome Cell Wall Capsule (or slime layer) Flagellum

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EUKARYOTES

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Cytoplasm Nucleus Lysosomes Cytoskeleton Centriole Cilium and Flagellum Cell membrane Cell Wall Mitochondria Chloroplast Ribosomes RER SER Golgi body Vacuoles

ER:

ER

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COMPARISON & DIFFERENTIATION

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ADVANTAGES OF EACH KIND OF CELL ARCHITECTURE Prokaryotes Eukaryotes simple and easy to grow can specialize fast reproduction multicellularity all the same can build large bodies