GREEN IT

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Green IT Green IT For Skill Based Elective II Rural Enrichment and Sustainable Development I BCA, Department of Computer Science, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 620 002

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GREEN IT

Outline of Our Talk:

Outline of Our Talk Environment in present days Green IT and its approaches Green computing and its approaches The Internet and the Three R’s Virtualization Cloud computing – a practical application of virtualization Optimization of IT, ICT and companies Data center Green IT - Future

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Environment in Present Days Traffic jam everywhere in big cities

Environment in Present Days Air pollution, Water pollution, Land pollution:

Environment in Present Days Air pollution, Water pollution, Land pollution

Environment in Present Days Stressful, painful working offices:

Environment in Present Days Stressful, painful working offices

Global Effects Global warming : Ice cap at the North Pole continues to shrink!:

Global Effects Global warming : Ice cap at the North Pole continues to shrink! 1979 2003

Global Effects Electronic wastes ::

Global Effects Electronic wastes : In the U.S. alone, 500 million obsolete computers, and 130 million cell phones are thrown out every year.

Green Concept:

Green Concept Planet  Environmental benefits Prosperity  Economic benefits People  Social benefits Sustainable development

Green IT:

Green IT The study and practice of using computing resources in an efficient, effective and economic way. “ The study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems-efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment

Green IT:

Green IT Green Technology Strategies is about how to use computers and telecommunications in a way which maximises positive environmental benefit, with minimum energy and materials use.

Green IT also known as:

Green IT also known as Green Computing Green Technology Eco Friendly Computing Environmentally Friendly Computing Sustainable Technology Research continues into key areas such as making the use of computers as energy-efficient as possible, and designing algorithms and systems for efficiency-related computer technologies.

Approaches to Green IT:

Approaches to Green IT ►Virtualization ►Power management ►Material recycling ►Telecommuting

Examples of Green IT:

Examples of Green IT Energy saving Disposal of electronic waste Virtualization of server resources Regulatory compliance Telecommuting End user satisfaction Return on investment

How to care:

How to care Creating a sustainable business isn't just for big businesses. With help from several vendors (see links to their green initiatives in the side box) Some practical tips have suggested to help you get started or to continue on the path to go green and save green. …….. Vendors Links to Green IT Initiatives Dell Earth HP Green Up Energy, the Environment and IBM Intuit Green Snapshot NetSuite Green

What to Consider :

What to Consider Novice: Eliminate paper, printer and packaging waste. Reduce power consumption. Recycle old equipment. Intermediate: Use Web conferencing instead of travelling to meetings. Transition from paper-based to digital processes. Use cloud computing and software-as-a-service solutions (SaaS) instead of new, in-house applications . Advanced: Enable staff to telecommute . Server and storage virtualization. Develop a thin-client strategy.

some simple ways for achieving greener IT::

some simple ways for achieving greener IT: Eliminate paper, printer, and packaging waste. The average office worker used 130 pounds of paper in 2008, according to InfoTrends. Try tools such as Green Print to make people “think before they print” and automatically eliminate things such as printing that extra page with only a footer or disclaimer on it. Buy remanufactured toner cartridges and get personal ink cartridges refilled. Shop for a printer that automatically prints double-sided and look for eco-friendly packaging on all new IT products. Reduce power consumption. “Set it and forget” tools, such as smart power strips, automatically turn off peripheral devices when you turn off the main device. When buying new equipment, look for EnergyStar 4.0 ratings and above. Try Edison, a free application that helps you monitor energy use. Intuit QuickBooks’ customers can use Intuit Green Snapshot to estimate their firms’ carbon footprint and get recommendations to conserve energy and dollars. Recycle old equipment. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that only 18% of electronic waste was collected for recycling in 2007. But it’s easy to recycle. At Gazelle, you can sell and/or recycle all kinds of electronic devices, from mobile phones to printers. Through Dell’s and Goodwill’s Reconnect Partnership, you can donate unwanted devices. Or go online to IBM’s Asset Recovery Program and get a buyback quote for the value of 1 to 250 items.

simple ways for achieving greener IT::

simple ways for achieving greener IT: Use cloud computing and software-as-a-service solutions (SaaS) instead of new, in-house applications. With cloud computing, multiple organizations share the same computing resources. For instance, researcher Greenspace found that with more than 6,000 customer companies sharing data center resources, NetSuite’s cloud ERP (enterprise resource planning) and CRM (customer relationship management) solution saved more than $61 million in energy bills per year, or nearly 595 million kilowatt-hours, the equivalent of nearly 423,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. You’ll find almost every kind of application in the cloud—from personal productivity applications to accounting to industry-specific solutions—for every size company. If you use dedicated hosting services, shop for green hosting providers that use solar or wind power. Transition from paper-based to digital processes. E-mail marketing solutions are greener and more affordable, flexible, and interactive than direct mail. Free and low-cost online invoicing solutions such as Sage BillingBoss and Freshbooks and online faxing solutions such as Myfax and RingCentral Fax also help cut down on paper waste.

Real Scenario: Power needed to run a small data center:

Real Scenario: Power needed to run a small data center A practical example One server might use 400 W In 24 hours it would use 9.6 kWh $.10/kWh = $1/day (approx) 500 servers = $500 per day +$500 for cooling = $30K/month! Benefits of saving energy Saving energy is GREEN Saving energy is cost efficient

Power Management :

Power Management Energy Star 4.0 compliant PCs 80% power efficiency in 2008 Next 90% efficiency in 2010 Energy Star 4.0 compliant servers 85% power efficiency in 2008 Next 92% efficiency in 2010 Power Supply Storage Display Caution : Screen savers do not save energy !

Material Recycling:

Material Recycling HR233, the U.S. National Computer Recycling Act e-Waste handling

Telecommuting Teleconferencing and tele-presence technology:

Telecommuting  Teleconferencing and tele-presence technology

Telecommuting  Working at home:

Telecommuting  Working at home

Green Computing?:

Green Computing? Traditional Single-Processor Systems Algorithms are a well-defined procedure to solve a problem. Some are efficient and some are inefficient

Approaches to green computing :

Approaches to green computing Product longevity Algorithmic efficiency Resource allocation Virtualization Terminal servers Power management Operating system support Power supply Storage Video card Display Materials recycling Telecommuting

Algorithm Speed:

Algorithm Speed We measure the relative efficiency by the ORDER OF AN ALGORITHM. It quantifies the maximum number of steps (worst-case scenario) number of steps for that algorithm to solve a problem Faster, bigger computer will increase speed

Green Computer Science:

Green Computer Science As you might imagine, less efficient algorithms take more processor time. Processors require system resources to run Efficient (faster) algorithms require the less energy to solve a problem We can say a green philosophy is to improve the efficiency of algorithms Much work in this area was done in 70s-80s

Green Computer Science:

Green Computer Science Eg. Scanning the river bottom of the Savannah River might generate 100 GB of data.

Green Computer Science:

Green Computer Science To process this data and find interesting things, such as certain rock formations, requires a lot of time if you only use one processor One thing we can do to work on huge data sets is to break a problem into pieces and parallelize the algorithm. OPEN RESEARCH QUESTION: If we do this, then we can hopefully solve the problem quicker and use less energy.

Using Multiple Processors:

Using Multiple Processors Distributed Computing: The Internet Firewall Web Application Server File Server Database INTERNET 65.17.233.160 PUBLIC IP 128.2.3.66 128.4.6.88 24.16.57.189

Environmentally Friendly Web Hosting:

Environmentally Friendly Web Hosting Business Policies Donating part of the revenues to green causes Use solar power or wind-power to keep the operation running REDUCE-REUSE-RECYCLE philosophy Who are some of these companies? www.solarenergyhost.com www.thinkhost.com www.ipage.com (wind-powered web hosting)

3R’s - Reduce:

3R’s - Reduce Virtualization: Duplicating hardware with software Important in Cloud Computing

3R’s - Reuse:

3R’s - Reuse TCP Multiplexing Create a number of fixed open TCP channels and allow them to remain open to be reused (so we do not have the overhead of frequent creation and destruction to handle many TCP short requests)

3R’s - Recycle:

3R’s - Recycle Application Accelerator Handle SSL encryption with a dedicated piece of hardware to specialize in one task and do it very well

Recommendations- It Starts With Measuring :

Recommendations- It Starts With Measuring

Virtualization:

Virtualization Realizing a piece of hardware such as a web server or file server in software rather than hardware Writing a program that does the same exact thing as a piece of hardware Savings Manufacturing Servicing Disposal Power

Types of Virtualization:

Types of Virtualization Operating System EX: Running Linux inside of VMware EX: Running Windows on a Mac EX: Running VM images in a cloud Application Server (Load Balancing) Dividing a high volume of requests to different servers Applications Thin Client concept (Google Apps) Management Managers see a different view/permissions than others

Types of Virtualization:

Types of Virtualization Network VLANS, or secure virtual networks partitioned on public networks Hardware Allocating percents of a system to different tasks (such as encryption or searching such as Google Search Appliance) to gain efficiency Storage Seeing a file system but not knowing (or caring) where the files are physically stored (perhaps in many locations)

Green Effects of Virtualization:

Green Effects of Virtualization VMware (Virtual machine software) publishes numbers that say between 50-70% can be saved from virtualization The Gartner group says that the energy savings of jobs running VMware alone will power all of New England! (they give no actual rates or metrics but this is an interesting claim) Who is doing this? The USDA used virtualization to reduce/consolidate 255 servers into 22! 4 Years ago, Los Alamos National Laboratories undertook a virtualization project that decommissioned 100 servers, resulting in the use of only 13. This has resulted in a savings of almost $1.5 Million dollars

Virtualization:

Virtualization The process of running two or more logical computer systems on one set of hardware .

Server Virtualization:

Server Virtualization Virtualization one of the most effective tools for cost effective, greener computing. Reduce the cost of power and cooling through the consolidation and virtualization of the IT server infrastructure. $300 -$600 per year in energy savings for every server removed through virtualization based consolidation. Virtualization helps a company/enterprise lower power and cooling consumption, by reducing the machines and servers it needs.

Cloud Computing Architecture:

Cloud Computing Architecture Virtualization technologies combined in practical use Image repository Servers (application servers and storage) SAN (storage area network) switch Cloud manager Portal server

Cloud Computing Philosophies:

Cloud Computing Philosophies Microsoft 3 screens (PCs, Mobile devices and consumer services) and the cloud Google Everything is to be published and interconnected so it can all be Indexed Searched AdWord-ized

Green Computing:

Green Computing Why computer energy is often wasteful leaving the computer on when not in use (CPU and fan consume power, screen savers consume power) printing is often wasteful how many of you print out your emails or meeting agendas printing out partial drafts for a “paperless” society, we tend to use more paper today than before computer-prevalence pollution manufacturing techniques packaging disposal of computers and components toxicity as we will see, there are toxic chemicals used in the manufacturing of computers and components which can enter the food chain and water!

Energy Use of PCs:

Energy Use of PCs CPU uses 120 Watts CRT uses 150 Watts 8 hours of usage, 5 days a week = 562 KWatts if the computer is left on all the time without proper power saver modes, this can lead to 1,600 KWatts for a large institution, say a university of 40,000 students and faculty, the power bill for just computers can come to $2 million / year Energy use comes from electrical current to run the CPU, motherboard, memory running the fan and spinning the disk(s) monitor (CRTs consume more power than any other computer component) printers

Reducing Energy Consumption:

Reducing Energy Consumption Turn off the computer when not in use, even if just for an hour Turn off the monitor when not in use (as opposed to running a screen saver) Use power saver mode in power saver mode, the top item is not necessary, but screen savers use as much electricity as any normal processing, and the screen saver is not necessary on a flat panel display Use hardware/software with the Energy Star label Energy Star is a “seal of approval” by the Energy Star organization of the government (the EPA) Don’t print unless necessary and you are ready Use LCDs instead of CRTs as they are more power efficient

Manufacturing:

Manufacturing Microchip fabrication has over 400 distinct steps which involve 4 general phases Throughout, the process requires a great deal of ultra-pure water and the chips are bathed in chemical solvents the resources used are shown below

Chemical Elements Found in Computers and Components:

Chemical Elements Found in Computers and Components Elements in bulk: lead, tin, copper, silicon, carbon, iron and aluminum Elements in small amounts: cadmium and mercury Elements in trace amounts: germanium, gallium, barium, nickel, tantalum, indium, vanadium, terbium, beryllium, gold, europium, titanium, ruthenium, cobalt, palladium, manganese, silver, antimony, bismuth, selenium, niobium, yttrium, rhodium, platinum, arsenic, lithium, boron, americium List of examples of devices containing these elements almost all electronics contain lead & tin (as solder) and copper (as wire & PCB tracks), though the use of lead-free solder is now spreading rapidly lead: solder, CRT monitors (Lead in glass), Lead-acid battery

List Continued..:

List Continued.. List of examples of devices containing these elements tin: solder copper : copper wire, printed circuit board tracks aluminum: nearly all electronic goods using more than a few watts of power iron : steel chassis, cases & fixings silicon: glass, transistors, ICs, Printed circuit boards. nickel & cadmium: nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries lithium: lithium-ion battery zinc: plating for steel parts gold: connector plating, primarily in computer equipment mercury: fluorescent tubes (numerous applications), tilt switches (pinball games, mechanical doorbells) sulphur: lead-acid battery carbon: steel, plastics, resistors

Disposal:

Disposal Consider that the average computer lifespan is about 2 years (cell phones < 2 years) 10 years ago, the lifespan of a computer was 5 years between 1997 and 2004, it is estimated that 315 million computers became obsolete (and were discarded, donated, or recycled) 183 million computers were sold in 2004 (674 million cell phones!) New users in China (178 million by 2011) and India (80 million by 2011) will require the creation of new computers Disposal of these devices constituted 20-50 million tons per year (about 5% of the total waste of the planet) this waste is called e-waste where are we going to put all of it?

Land Fills:

Land Fills Europe has outlawed using landfills for computer components the US and Europe export a lot of e-waste to Asian landfills (especially China even though China has outlawed the importing of e-waste) in addition, incineration of computer components leads to air pollution and airborne toxins

Other Solutions:

Other Solutions Reuse: donate your computer components to people who may not have or have lesser quality computers inner city schools, churches, libraries, third world countries this however leads to the older computers being dumped but there is probably no way around this as eventually the older computers would be discarded anyway Refurbish: rather than discarding your computer when the next generation is released, just get a new CPU and memory chips – upgrade rather than replace while you will still be discarded some components, you will retain most of the computer system (e.g., monitor, the system unit housing, cables) Are there adequate incentives to do either of the above? Do computer companies encourage refurbishing/upgrading?

One More Solution: Recycling:

One More Solution: Recycling If companies can recycle the plastics and other components, this can greatly reduce waste and toxins however, the hazardous materials in e-waste can harm the recycle workers if they are not properly protected in undeveloped countries, a lot of the recycling chores are left up to unprotected children! Developed countries now have facilities for recycling e-waste however, in Europe, the plastics are discarded instead of recycled because the flame retardant chemicals are too toxic to work with To resolve these problems, computer manufacturers must start using recyclable chemicals

How Do the Companies Rate?:

How Do the Companies Rate? 80%: Nokia - regained its top position for eliminating the worst chemicals from many products still needs to report on its recycling rate percentage 70.3%: Dell - still among the top but loses points for not having models free of the worst chemicals strong support for global take back 70.3%: Lenovo - dropping down the rank for not having a clear global take back program still missing out on products free of the worst chemicals on the market 70%: Sony Ericsson - among the top with clear timeline to have products free of the worst chemicals by 2008 need better chemicals take back reporting program

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Continued… 60.7%: Samsung - strong position for having a good chemical policy, but still lack products that are free from the worst chemicals its take back system is not yet global and need improvement 60.7%: Motorola - some products on the market are free from the worst chemicals but loses points for not providing clear timelines for eliminating these chemicals in all products score points on reporting the recycling rate 60%: Toshiba - good improvement particularly on waste and take back criteria moved forward for providing some models without the worst chemicals and for timelines for complete phase out 60%: Fujitsu-Siemens - some models free of worst chemicals, but loses point for a weak take back and recycling program

Continued….:

Continued…. 50.7%: Acer - standing still with improved chemical policies but no models free of the worst chemicals needs to improve on take back program 50.3%: Apple - top mover with concrete timelines to eliminate the worst chemicals loses points for not have a green product on the market and for a weak take back program 50.3%: HP - a free-faller, dropping down for failing to provide clear timelines for eliminating the worst chemicals it looses points for weak definition of take back policies 50%: Panasonic - moving up for making available products free of the worst chemicals loses point for poor take back program 40%: Sony - at the bottom of the rank for losing penalty point for inconsistent take back policies some models without the worst chemicals

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ICT'S Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions Information and Communication Technology

IT operations are challenged by operational issues:

ms sm ms sm IT operations are challenged by operational issues

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ms sm Five building blocks provide the tools to operational savings and business growth. SUSTAINABILITY Double your IT capacity In the same energy footprint Reduce operational costs 40-50 % energy savings Positive environmental Impact 1,300 less cars or 3.5M less pounds of coal

Getting started with Green IT:

Getting started with Green IT

Optimize IT Energy use:

Optimize IT Energy use

IT transformation - Energy savings:

IT transformation - Energy savings Provide energy efficient technology and products for the Commonwealth such as Energy Star qualified computers, printers and monitors. Reduce the costs of power and cooling through the consolidation and virtualization of the IT server infrastructure. Promote environmental improvement by increasing levels of efficiency that ultimately reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Audit compliance with “green” or “emissions” objectives, regulation and standards. Work toward establishing an enterprise-wide awareness to staff the expected power management settings requirements and best practices for energy conservation – Ensure that everyone understands their personal responsibility to do so.

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ms sm Today’s Environment

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A data center is a centralized repository, either physical or virtual, for the storage, management, and dissemination of data and information organized around a particular body of knowledge or pertaining to a particular business Data Center

Data Centers:

Data Centers Large collections of servers that generate heat Frequently, the cost of cooling a data center is more than the cost of heating it, because heat is naturally generated Here, Google and Amazon are looking into putting large data centers in northern Canada and Greenland (Northern hemisphere)

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What’s driving data center transformation? Business pressures Support growth Integrate acquisitions Support business innovation Exploit technology Reduce costs and risks Data center constraints Power and cooling Facilities Personnel Relocations Legacy infrastructure Customer priorities and expected outcomes

Benefits of Data center:

ms sm Benefits of Data center

PC/Laptop power management:

PC/Laptop power management PCs, monitors account for more than a third of ICT - Information and Communication Technology - power consumption and CO2 emissions. Sixty percent of PCs are left on after hours. So the fix is educate staff, use a lower power state such as stand by, for PCs and monitors after hours.

Greening printers and printing:

Greening printers and printing Average office worker prints 1,000 pages/month, 40 lbs/month. The paper itself consumes 10x the energy of printing on it. So the fix is print less measure and analyze document flows. Consolidate the printers into fewer, standard, low impact that share the same consumables.

Greening the Users..:

Greening the Users..

What does the future hold..?:

What does the future hold..? Increased legislation, regulation and tax breaks — power consumption, hazardous substances and e-waste. Energy management across the ICT infrastructure, creating a more dynamic sense-and-respond environment. More-efficient and smarter cooling, UPS and power supplies in the data center and for client devices and so on. Better power management at every level — processors, PCBs, systems, operating systems and applications. Power consumption as a design criterion for software and energy profiling .

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ms sm Encourage the IT sector to be involved in green tech and carbon data management . Promote Renewable Energy: the Green Light to India’s growth… “The World Cannot Solve Climate Change Problem Without IT ”

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Thank You